Identyfikatory
DOI
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
In this study, we investigate the sensing applications in the presence of the nonlinear effects by proposing an all-optical sensor and considering nonlinear effects on modal propagation and output intensity based on an ultra-compact nonlinear multimode interference coupler. The sensor can be tuned to have the highest sensitivity in the wavelength and refractive index ranges and can detect water-soluble chemicals, air-pollutions, earthquake wave, blood parameters, and heart operation. The results indicate high output sensitivity to input wavelength whereas the nonlinear effects appear in the medium. This sensitivity led us to propose a wave sensor of both transverse and longitudinal waves, such as acoustic and light waves, when an external wave interacts with an input waveguide. For instance, this sensor can be implemented using a long input that is inserted in the land, and any wave could then be detected from the Earth. The visible changes in intensity at the output facet in various refractive indices of the surrounding layer show the high sensitivity to the refractive index of the surrounding layer, which is the foundation of introducing a sensor. Generally, the results show the high efficiency of nonlinear effects in all-optical sensing performances.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
327--340
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 16 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Mathematics, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran
autor
- School of Physics, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Bibliografia
- [1] SOLDANO L.B., PENNINGS E.C.M., Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: principles and applications, Journal of Lightwave Technology 13(4), 1995, pp. 615–627.
- [2] HELIANG LIU, HWAYAW TAM, WAI P.K.A., PUN E., Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure, Optics Communications 241(1–3), 2004, pp. 99–104.
- [3] BESSE P.A., BACHMANN M., MELCHIOR H., SOLDANO L.B., SMIT M.K., Optical bandwidth and fabrication tolerances of multimode interference couplers, Journal of Lightwave Technology 12(6), 1994, pp. 1004–1009.
- [4] QIAN WANG, HO S.T., Ultracompact multimode interference coupler designed by parallel particle swarm optimization with parallel finite-difference time-domain, Journal of Lightwave Technology 28(9), 2010, pp. 1298–1304.
- [5] AGASHE S.S., SHIU K.-T., FORREST S.S., Compact polarization insensitive InGaAsP-InP 2×2 optical switch, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17(1), 2005, pp. 52–54.
- [6] JUNG MOO HONG, HYUN HO RYU, SOON RYONG PARK, JAE WAN JEONG, SEUNG GOL LEE, EL-HANG LEE, SE-GEUN PARK, DEOKHA WOO, SUNHO KIM, BEOM-HOAN O, Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 15(1), 2003, pp. 72–74.
- [7] SZEWCZUK A., BŁAHUT M., Multimode interference structures of variable geometry for optical sensor application, Acta Physica Polonica A 118(6), 2010, pp. 1254–1258.
- [8] DOOYOUNG HAH, EUISIK YOON, SONGCHEOL HONG, An optomechanical pressure sensor using multimode interference couplers with polymer waveguides on this p+-Si membrane, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 79(3), 2000, pp. 204–210.
- [9] MAYEH M., VIEGAS J., SRINIVASAN P., MARQUES P., SANTOS J.L., JOHNSON E.G., FARAHI F., Design and fabrication of slotted multimode interference devices for chemical and biological sensing, Journal of Sensors, Vol. 2009, 2009, article 470175.
- [10] TAJALDINI M., JAFRI M.Z.M., Nonlinear modal propagation analysis method in multimode interference coupler for operation development, AIP Conference Proceedings 1528, 2013, p. 450.
- [11] TAJALDINI M., JAFRI M.Z.M., The influence of nonlinear modal propagation analysis on MMI power splitters for miniaturization, Proceedings of SPIE 8789, 2013, article 87890P.
- [12] TAJALDINI M., JAFRI M.Z.M., Proposal of a novel method for all optical switching with MMI coupler, Proceedings of SPIE 8545, 2012, article 854505.
- [13] TAJALDINI M., JAFRI M.Z.M., Simulation of an ultra-compact multimode interference power splitter based on Kerr nonlinear effect, Journal of Lightwave Technology 32(7), 2014, pp. 1282–1289.
- [14] TAJALDINI M., JAFRI M.Z.M., Ultra compact 1×11 power splitter using polydiacetylene multimode interference coupler, Advanced Materials Research 626, 2013, pp. 853–860.
- [15] TAJALDINI M., JAFRI M.Z.M., An ultra-compact multimode interference coupler as an optimum all-optical switch based on nonlinear modal propagation analysis, Optics Communications 324, 2014, pp. 85–92.
- [16] EULISS G., Temporal characteristics and scaling considerations of multimode interference couplers, Journal of Lightwave Technology 17(7), 1999, pp. 1206–1210.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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