Air pollution and health in Poland: anti-smog movement in the most polluted polish cities

• Autorzy: Burchard-Dziubińska Małgorzata

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.34659/2019/2/22

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of this paper is assessing measures undertaken in Poland by local authorities and government to solve the problem of the poor quality of air in many regions. The low-altitude emissions (LAEs) of air pollutants (up to 40m altitude) are commonly caused by combustion of coal in household furnaces in an inefficient way. The problem is enhanced by combusting garbage and emissions from road transport. The consequences of those emissions are health problems (diseases of respiratory and circulatory systems), as well as degradation of natural environment. The paper presents the results of research carried out in selected Polish cities from the list of 50 most polluted cities in the European Union (2018), where the problem of air pollution is particularly severe. Data published in Public Information Bulletin and on official websites of cities were analyzed to answer the question about the role of socio-political factors in the fight for clean air in Poland. The main finding is that the increase in ecological awareness of residents and access to EU financial funds give local societies an opportunity to develop investment plans, whose implementation should improve the air quality. This, however, will be a long-drawn-out process, because of the scale of long-term negligence in this field and inconsistent government activities.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

low-carbon economy; air pollution; health; institution; Poland

PL

gospodarka niskoemisyjna; zanieczyszczenie powietrza; zdrowie; instytucja; Polska

• Wydawca: Polskie Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
• Czasopismo: Ekonomia i Środowisko
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: nr 2
• Strony: 76--90
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Burchard-Dziubińska Małgorzata

• University of Lodz Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz Rewolucji 1905 Street 41, 90-214, Łódź

Bibliografia

• Air quality in Europe – 2014 report (2014), European Environment Agency, Report 5/2014, Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014 [15-12-2018]
• Air quality in Europe – 2015 report (2015), European Environment Agency, Report 5/2015, Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2015 [12-10-2018]
• Air Quality in Europe – 2017 report (2017), European Environment Agency, Report 5/2017, Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2017 [12-10-2018]
• Analiza przyczyn wzrostu liczby zgonów w Polsce w 2017 roku (2018), Departament Analiz i Strategii, Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia, http://www.nfz.gov.pl/o-nfz/publikacje [13-12-2018]
• Commission Directive (EU) 2015/1480 of 28 August 2015 Amending several annexes to Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the rules concerning reference methods, data validation and location of sampling points for the assessment of ambient air quality
• Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Europe that protects: Clean air for all, Brussels, 17.5.2018 COM(2018) 330 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN [03-10-2018]
• Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air
• Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
• Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
• Directive 2015/1480/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 August 2015
• Directive 2016/2284/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC
• Grimm N.B. et al. (2008), Global change and the ecology of cities, “Science” No. 319 (5864), p. 756-760
• Hajat A., Hsia C., O’Neill M.S. (2016), Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: A Global Review, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626327 [10-10-2018]
• HEAL (2013), Unpaid Health Bill – how coal power plants make us sick, https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/unpaid_health_bill_EN.pdf [15- 10-2018]
• https://smoglab.pl/sukcesy-porazki-krakowskiej-walki-ze-smogiem/ [15-10-2018]
• https://www.nfosigw.gov.pl/czyste-powietrze/ [15-10-2018]
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health Impact Assessment (2013), European Commission, Brussels, SWD(2013)532 final
• Kruse M. et al. (2012), Particulate emissions: health effects and labour market consequences, “Journal of Environmental and Public Health”, Bind, p. 130-502
• Lelieveld J. et al. (2015), The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale, “Nature” No. 525(7569), p. 367-371
• OECD (2016), The Economic Consequences of Outdoor Air Pollution, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264257474-en [03-10-2018]
• Sætterstrøm B. et al. (2012), A method to assess the potential effects of air pollution mitigation on healthcare costs, “Journal of Environmental and Public Health” Vol. 2012, Article ID 935825
• Science for Environment Policy, Links between noise and air pollution and socioeconomic status (2016), European Commission
• The 7th Environment Action Programme, Living well, within the limits of our planet (2013), European Commission, ec.europa.eu/environment/pubs/pdf/factsheets/7eap/en.pdf [05-10-2019]
• The Act of 20 February 2015 on Renewable Energy Sources, Journal of Laws of 3 April 2015 item 478
• The Act of 20 May 2016 on the investments in wind power plants, Journal of Laws 2016 item 961
• The Act of 24 April 2015 amending certain acts in connection with the strengthening of landscape protection, Journal of Laws 2015 item 774
• The Clean Air Programme for Europe (2013), Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – “A Clean Air Programme for Europe”, COM(2013) 918 final
• The State of Wind Energy in Poland in 2016 (2017), The Polish Wind Energy Association WHO (2005), Air quality guidelines
• WHO Europe, OECD (2015), Economic cost of the health impact of air pollution in Europe: Clean air, health and wealth, Copenhagen,
• WHO Regional Office for Europe, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/276772/Economic-cost-health-impact-air-pollution-en.pdf [03-10-2018]

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).