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Thermally treated clay as a stabilizing agent for expansive clayey soil: some engineering properties

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of adding thermally treated clay on some engineering properties of the untreated expansive clayey soil. Three expansive clayey soil samples obtained from three different sites in the south of Syria have been investigated. They were thermally treated up to three different levels (450°C, 650°C and 850°C) for 3 hours. Three replacement levels of thermally treated clay were used, i.e. 0%, 10% and 20%. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) technique has been used to detect the crystalline and glassy phase in the clayey samples before and after the thermal treatment. Pozzolanic activity of the thermally treated clayey soil has been studied using the modified Chapelle test and the mechanical strength test at each of the temperature levels. Atterberg limits, compaction, free swell, swelling pressure and linear shrinkage have particularly been investigated. Test results revealed the positive effect of thermally treated clay when added to the natural soil. Plasticity index (PI) was reduced by about 60% when 20% thermally treated clay was added to the natural soil. In addition, 6% lime was added to further investigate the combined effect of lime and calcined clay on the properties of the clayey expansive soil. All investigated properties were significantly improved when 20% thermally treated soil and 6% lime were added together. For instance, swelling pressure and linear shrinkage values were reduced to less than 15% or even much less when compared with those of the natural soil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energydispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were employed as well.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Strony
220--232
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
autor
  • Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
autor
  • Faculty of Architectural Engineering, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
Bibliografia
  • [1] Mallela, J., Harold Von Quintus, P., Smith, K.L. (2004). Consideration of Lime-Stabilized Layers in Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design. The National Lime Association, Arlington, VA, USA.
  • [2] Firoozi Akbar, A., Olgun, C., Firoozi Asghar, A., Baghini, S. M. (2017). Fundamentals of soil stabilization. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 8(26), 16. doi: 10.1186/s40703-017-0064-9.
  • [3] Harichane, K., Ghrici, M., Khebizi, W., Missoum, H. (2010). Effect of the combination of lime and natural pozzolana on the durability of clayey soils. EJGE, 15, 1194-1210.
  • [4] Harichane, K., Ghrici, M., Missoum, H. (2011). Influence of natural pozzolana and lime additives on the temporal variation of soil compaction and shear strength. Front Earth Science, 5(2): 162-169. doi: 10.1007/s11707-011-0166-1.
  • [5] Zoubir, W., Harichane, K., Ghrici, M. (2013). Effect of lime and natural pozzolana on dredged sludge engineering properties. EJGE, 18, 589-600.
  • [6] Al-Swaidani, A., Hammoud, I., Meziab, A. (2016). Effect of adding natural pozzolana on geotechnical properties of lime-stabilized clayey soil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8(5), 714-725. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.04.002.
  • [7] EN 197-1:2000. (2000). Composition Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  • [8] Al-Rawas, A.A., Hago, A.W., Al Lawati, D., Al Battashi, A. (2001). The Omani artificial pozzolans (Sarooj). Cement and Concrete Aggregates, 32(1), 19-26. doi: 10.1520/CCA10521J.
  • [9] Shvarzman, A., Kovler, K., Schamban, I., Grader, G., Shter, G. (2002). Influence of chemical and phase composition of mineral admixtures on their pozzolanic activity. Advances in Cement Research, 14(1), 35-41. doi: 10.1680/adcr.2002.14.1.35.
  • [10] Souri, A., Golestani-Fard, F., Naghizadeh, R., Veiseh, S. (2015). An investigation on pozzolanic activity of Iranian kaolins obtained by thermal treatment. Applied Clay Science, 103, 34-39. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.001.
  • [11] Rashad, A.M. (2013). Metakaolin as cementitious material: history, source, production and composition-a comprehensive review. Construction and Building Materials, 41, 303-318. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.001.
  • [12] Massazza, F. (1993). Pozzolanic cements. Cement and Concrete Composites, 15, 185-214. doi:10.1016/0958-9465(93)90023-3.
  • [13] ASTM D 2487. (2011). Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [14] NF P18-513. (2010). Métakaolin, addition pouzzolanique pour bétons: Définitions, spécifications, critères de conformité. AFNOR, France.
  • [15] ASTM D 4318. (1993). Standard Test Method for Aterberg Limits. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [16] ASTM D 698. (2000). Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [17] ASTEM D 4645. (2000). Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Swell or Settlement Potential of Cohesive Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [18] ASTM D 2435. (2000). Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [19] BS 1377: part 2. (1990). Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes — Part 2: Classification Tests. British Standards Institute, London, UK.
  • [20] Gueddouda, M.K., Goual, I., Lamara, M., Mekarta, B. (2011). Chemical stabilization of expansive clays from Algeria. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, 11(5), 1-7.
  • [21] Rao, SM. (2006). Identification and classification of expansive soils. In: Expansive Soils-Recent Advances in Characterization and Treatment. Edited by A.A Al-Rawas, M.F.A Goosen. Taylor and Francis Group, London, UK, pp. 15-24.
  • [22] Kariuki, P.C., Shepherd, K., van der Meer, F. D. (2006). Spectroscopy as a tool for studying swelling soils. In: Expansive Soils-Recent Advances in Characterization and Treatment. Edited by A.A. AlRawas, M.F.A. Goosen. Taylor and Francis Group, London, UK, pp. 15-24.
  • [23] Chaunasli, P., Peethamparan, S. (2010). Microstructural and mineralogical characterization of cement kiln dust activated fly ash binder. Transportation Research Board, 2164, 36-45. doi: 10.3141/2164-05.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-003e5aea-678d-4e63-b50d-a8ddf8aa143c
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