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The Use of Footwear Insulation Values Measured on a Thermal Foot Model

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The use of physiological data from human tests in modelling should consider background data, such as activity, environmental factors and clothing insulation on the whole body. The present paper focuses on local thermal comfort of feet with special attention on the effects of physical changes of footwear thermal properties. An alternative test method is available for footwear thermal testing besides the standard method. The possibility to use insulation values acquired on a thermal foot model in practice is shown here. The paper describes the correlation between cold and pain sensations, and foot skin temperatures of the subjects and relates these to insulation measured on a thermal foot model. Recommendations are made for footwear choice according to environmental temperature.
Rocznik
Strony
79--86
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • Respiratory Health and Climate, National Institute for Working Life, Solna, Sweden
  • Department of Human Work Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden
Bibliografia
  • 1. Afanasieva RF. Hygienic basis for designing cold protective clothing [doctoral dissertation]. Moscow, USSR: Central Scientific Research Institute of Sewing Industry, Ministery of Light Industry of the USSR; 1972. In Russian.
  • 2. Santee WR, Endrusick TL. Biophysical evaluation of footwear for cold-weather climates. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1988;59:178-82.
  • 3. Kuklane K, Geng Q, Holmér I. Effect of footwear insulation on thermal responses in the cold. JOSE 1998;4(2):137-52.
  • 4. Kuklane K, Geng Q, Holmér I. Thermal effects of steel toe caps in footgear. Int J Ind Ergon 1999;23(5/6):431-8.
  • 5. Ozaki H, Enomoto-Koshimizu H, Tochihara Y, Nakamura K. Thermal responses from repeated exposures to severe cold with intermittent warmer temperatures. Appl Human Sci 1998;17(5):195-205.
  • 6. Rintamäki H, Hassi J, Oksa J, Mäkinen T. Rewarming feet by lower and upper body excercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 1992;65:427-32.
  • 7. Rissanen S, Rintamäki H. Effects of repeated exercise/rest sessions at -10 °C on skin and rectal temperatures in men wearing chemical protective clothing. Eur J Appl Physiol 1998;78:560-4.
  • 8. Tochihara Y, Ohnaka T, Tuzuki K, Nagai Y. Effects of repeated exposures to severely cold environments on thermal responses of humans. Ergonomics 1995;38(5): 987-95.
  • 9. Kuklane K, Gavhed D, Holmér I. Effect of the number, thickness and washing of socks on the thermal insulation of feet. In: Kuklane K, Holmér I, editors. Ergonomics of protective clothing. NOKOBETEF 6 and 1st European Conference on Protective Clothing (Arbete och Hälsa No. 2000:8). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life; 2000. p. 175-8.
  • 10. Kuklane K, Holmér I. Effect of sweating on insulation of footwear. JOSE 1998;4(2):123-36.
  • 11. Kuklane K, Gavhed D, Fredriksson K. A field study in dairy farms: thermal condition of feet. Int J Ind Ergon 2001;27(6):367-73.
  • 12. Påsche A, Holand B, Myrseth E. Cold climate work clothing. In: Polartech ‘90. International Conference on Development and Commercial Utilisation of Technologies in Polar Regions. Trondheim, Norway: SINTEF UNIMED; 1990.
  • 13. Kuklane K, Holmér I, Giesbrecht G. Change of footwear insulation at various sweating rates. Appl Human Sci 1999;18(5):161-8.
  • 14. Kuklane K, Holmér I, Giesbrecht G. One week sweating simulation test with a thermal foot model. In: Nilsson H, Holmér I, editors. The Third International Meeting on Thermal Manikin Testing (Arbete och Hälsa No. 2000:4). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life; 1999. p. 106-13.
  • 15. Uedelhoven WH, Kurz B, Rösch M. Wearing comfort of footwear in hot environments. In: Blowing hot and cold: protecting against climatic extremes. Papers presented at the RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium held in Dresden, Germany, 8-10 October 2001 [CD-ROM]. Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France: Research and Technology Organisation (RTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); 2002.
  • 16. Rintamäki H, Hassi J. Thermal physiology and cold protection of feet with two types of rubber boots. In: Arctic Rubber, Scandinavian Rubber Conference (proceedings C), Tampere, Finland; 1989.
  • 17. Kuklane K, Holmér I. Reduction of footwear insulation due to walking and sweating: a preliminary study. In: Holmér I, Kuklane K, editors. Problems with cold work (Arbete och Hälsa No. 1998:18). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life; 1997. p. 96-8.
  • 18. Bergquist K, Holmér I. A method for dynamic measurement of the resistance to dry heat exchange by footwear. Appl Ergon 1997;28(5/6):383-8.
  • 19. European Committee for Standardization. Test methods for safety, protective occupational and specific job related footwear for professional use (European Standard No. prEN 344:1999). Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardization; 1999.
  • 20. Kuklane K, Holmér I, Afanasieva R. A comparison of two methods of determining thermal properties of footwear. JOSE 1999;5(4):477-84.
  • 21. Kuklane K, Holmér I, Havenith G. Validation of a model for prediction of skin temperatures in footwear. Appl Human Sci 2000;19(1):29-34.
  • 22. Lotens WA. A simple model for foot temperature simulation (IZF 1989-8). Soesterberg, The Netherlands: TNO Institute for Perception; 1989.
  • 23. Kuklane K, Afanasieva R, Burmistrova O, Bessonova N, Holmér I. Determination of heat loss from the feet and insulation of the footwear. JOSE 1999;5(4):465-76.
  • 24. Ducharme MB, Brooks CJ. The effect of wave motion on dry suit insulation and the responses to cold water immersion. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998;69(10):957-64.
  • 25. Ducharme MB, Potter P, Brooks CJ. Determination of immersion suit thermal resistance: a comparison between human and manikin. In: Hodgdon JA, Heaney JH, Buono MJ, editors. The Eighth International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics. San Diego, CA, USA: Naval Health and Research Center and San Diego State University; 1998. p. 207-10.
  • 26. Wissler EH, Ketch RB. Errors involved in using thermal flux transducers under various conditions. Undersea Biomed Res 1982;9(3):213-31.
  • 27. Ducharme MB, Frim J, Tikuisis P. Errors in heat flux measurements due to the thermal resistance of heat flux disks. J Appl Physiol 1990;69(2):776-84.
  • 28. Frim J, Ducharme MB. Heat flux transducer measurement error: a simplified view. J Appl Physiol 1993;64(4);2040-4.
  • 29. van der Graaf F. Heat-flux sensors. In: Göpel W, Hesse J, Zemel JN, editors & Ricolfi T, Scholz J, volume editors. Sensors: a comprehensive survey. Vol. 4: Thermal sensors. Weinheim, Germany: VCH; 1990. p. 295-322.
  • 30. Enander A, Ljungberg A-S, Holmér I. Effects of work in cold stores on man. Scand J Work Environ Health 1979;5:195-204.
  • 31. Geng Q. Hand cooling, protection and performance in cold environments [doctoral dissertation No. 2001:05]. Luleå, Sweden: Department of Human Work Sciences, Luleå University of Technology; 2001.
  • 32. Kuklane K, Gavhed D, Karlsson E, Holmér I. Footwear for cold work: a field study about work on high masts. In: Kuklane K, Holmér I, editors. Ergonomics of protective clothing. NOKOBETEF 6 and 1st European Conference on Protective Clothing (Arbete och Hälsa No. 2000:8). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life; 2000. p. 75-8.
  • 33. Kuklane K, Gavhed D, Karlsson E, Holmér I. Footwear for cold work: a field study at a harbour. In: Kuklane K, Holmér I, editors. Ergonomics of protective clothing. NOKOBETEF 6 and 1st European Conference on Protective Clothing (Arbete och Hälsa No. 2000:8). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life; 2000. p. 71-4.
  • 34. Kuklane K, Holmér I, Anttonen H, Burke R, Doughty P, Endrusick T, et al. Interlaboratory tests on thermal foot models (EAT Report No. 2003:1). Lund, Sweden: Thermal Environment Laboratory, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University; 2003.
  • 35. Endrusick TL. Improvement of the U.S. Army intermediate cold wet boot. In: Blowing hot and cold: protecting against climatic extremes. Papers presented at the RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium held in Dresden, Germany, 8-10 October 2001 [CD-ROM]. Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France: Research and Technology Organisation (RTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); 2002.
  • 36. Hamlet M. Peripheral cold injury. In: Holmér I, Kuklane K, editors. Problems with cold work (Arbete och Hälsa 1998:18). Stockholm, Sweden: National Institute for Working Life; 1997. p. 127-31.
  • 37. Naimer SA, Zvulunov A, Ben-Amitai D, Landau M. Plantar hidradenitis in children induced by exposure to wet footwear. Pediatr Emerg Care 2000;16(3):182-3.
  • 38. Oakley EHN. The design and function of military footwear: a review following experiences in the South Atlantic. Ergonomics 1984;27(7):631-7.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-0012170c-dee1-4f17-9645-7a6da559c516
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