Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Mikro- i makroelementy w przyprawach

100%

Cyran A. , Nowak J.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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1999

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tom T. 53, nr 5

50-51

PL

Zbadano zawartość niektórych mikro- i makroelementów (miedzi, cynku, żelaza, manganu, magnezu, wapnia,. strontu, potasu i sodu) w piętnastu ziołach stosowanych w naszym jadłospisie w formie przypraw. Stwierdzono duże ilości następujących mikroelementów: miedzi, cynku, żelaza i manganu w zielu cząbru, liściach bazylii, zielu pokrzywy oraz liściach estragonu. Dużą ilością makroelementów a zwłaszcza magnezu, wapnia i potasu charakteryzowały się: liście i ziele pokrzywy, liście bazylii, liście i ziele melisy oraz ziele tymianku.

EN

Fifteen herbs, used as spices were tested for their content of some macro- and microelements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium, strontium, potassium and sodium). Large amounts of copper, zinc, iron and manganese were found in the herbs of Summer Savory and Stinging Nettle, and in the leaves fj Sweet Basil and of Tarragon. Of the macroelements, particularly high levels of magnesium, calcium and potassium contained: Stinging Nettle leaves and herb, Sweet Basi! leaves, leaves and herb of Common Bahu and Garden Thyme herb.

2

Determination of microelements in sprouts grown on metal-enriched solutions by ion chromatography

94%

Blicharska E. , Komsta Ł. , Kocjan R. , Gumieniczek A. , Kloc A. , Kaźmierczak J.

Acta Chromatographica

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2014

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tom Vol. 26, no. 4

739--747

EN

The paper discusses a possibility to grow seeds on solutions of microelements and application of sprouts enriched in such a way as an alternative to commercial dietary supplements. It contains a short review of the approaches reported till now and a systematic experimental study, carried on the most frequently used seeds (Lens culinaris, Helianthus annuus, Vigna radiata, Glycine max, and Lepidium sativum).Seven metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, and Mn) were studied. Seeds were grown on cellulose in 20°C temperature using deionized water enriched with metals in concentrations: 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 mg/L in a period of 4 days. The reference samples were the seeds grown on pure deionized water. Sprouts were mineralized by microwave radiation, and the metal content was quantified by ion chromatography with on-line post-column derivatization and spectrophotometric detection.The conclusions can be treated as general recommendations, which seeds should be grown and what concentrations of metals in solutions should be applied to provide good enrichment and to avoid risk of microelement overdose.

3

Changes of Nutrient Contents in Tomato Fruits Under The Influence of Increasing Intensity of Manganese Nutrition

94%

Kleiber T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

|

2014

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tom 21

|

nr 2

297-307

EN

The aim of conducted in years 2008-2012 studies was to assess the efficiency of application of increasing manganese levels on the nutritive value of tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. ‘Alboney F1’ and ‘Emotion F1’), expressed in the contents of macro- and micronutrients. Plants were grown in rockwool with application of nutrient solution characterized the following chemical composition (in [mg dm–3]): N-NH4 2.2, N-NO3 - 230, P - 50, K - 430, Ca - 145, Mg - 65, Cl - 35, S-SO4 - 120, Fe - 2.48, Zn - 0.50, Cu - 0.07, pH -5.50, EC - 3.00 mS cm–1. The following manganese plant nutrition levels were examined (in mg Mn · dm–3): 0.06 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 (Experiment I), 2.4, 4.8, 9.6 and 19.2 (Experiment II); (denoted as Mn-0, Mn-0.3, Mn-0.6, Mn-1.2, Mn-2.4, Mn-4.8, Mn-9.6; Mn-19.2). The source of manganese was manganese sulfate (MnSO4 · H2O, 32.3% Mn). The nutritive value of tomato fruits changed significantly under the influence of the application of wide range of manganese concentrations. It was found a significant reduction of the content of phosphorus (Exp. I, II), potassium (Exp. II), calcium (Exp. I, II) and magnesium (Exp. I, II). Manganese influence on the decreasing content of other metallic micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu) in fruits. Cultivar had a significantly influence on the content of: nitrogen (except Mn-2.4, Mn-4.8, Mn-9.6), potassium (in Exp. II, except Mn-4.8), calcium (except for Mn-0.6, Mn-2.4), magnesium (except Mn-0.3 and Mn-2.4), iron (except Mn-1.2), manganese and zinc (except control combination) and copper (except Mn-0.6 and Mn-1.2). The highest contents of N, Ca and Mg in fruits were recorded for the application of Mn-0, while for P and K - at 0.3 mg Mn dm–3, whereas it was lowest for all these nutrients (except N) in the case of Mn-19.2 (Exp. II). The reduction of nutrient contents amounted to (% changes: from the lowest content to the highest content): N (11.3), P (48.1), K (24.8), Ca (75.4), Mg (57.5), Fe (59.2), Zn (65.4) and Cu (43.7).

4

Evaluation of the usability of single extractors in chemical analysis of composts using principal component analysis

94%

Jakubus M. , Graczyk M.

Biometrical Letters

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2015

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tom 52

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nr 2

115-130

EN

The usability of various single extractors in the chemical analysis of composts was evaluated using principal component analysis. Ten different single extractors were used to determine the contents of microelements obtained in the chemical extraction of four different composts. It was found that principal component analysis is a satisfactory statistical method enabling the comparison of different solutions in terms of efficiency of extraction of microelements from composts of different composition. The results showed that 1mol dm-3 HCL and 10% HNO3 solutions had the highest extraction strength, and 0.01mol dm-3 CaCl2 and 1mol dm-3 NH4NO3 the lowest.

5

The effect of antitranspirant on the content of microelements and trace elements in sweet cherry leaves and fruits

94%

Mikiciuk G. , Możdżer E. , Mikiciuk M. , Chełpiński P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2013

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tom Vol. 14, nr 4

36--38

EN

The conducted study was aimed at evaluation of the effect of antitranspirant produced with natural resins under the trade name Vapor Gard on the content of microelements and trace elements in sweet cherry leaves and fruits. A single-factor experiment was conducted in the randomised block design, with five replications, in 2010–2011. Examinations were performed on 13-year-old sweet cherry trees of the cultivar ‘Burlat’, being grafted on the ‘PHL-A’ rootstock. Tree spraying with antitranspirant Vapor Gard, at a 0.75% concentration, was applied at the stage of fruit colouration. The total content of manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium in the leaves and fruits was determined by the AAS method. Antitranspirant Vapor Gard had an effect on increasing significantly the manganese, copper, zinc, nickel and cadmium quantities and decreasing the content of lead in the sweet cherry leaves. The antitranspirant being applied did not have any effect on the quantity of microelements and trace elements in the sweet cherry fruits of the cultivar ‘Burlat’.

6

The effects of foliar nutrition with InCa fertilizer on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits of sweet cherry

94%

Mikiciuk G. , Mikiciuk M. , Możdżer E. , Statkiewicz M. , Chylewska U.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 2

116--119

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the foliar fertilizer InCa on the chemical composition of fruits and leaves of sweet cherry cultivar ‘Burlat’. The study involved 14-year old sweet cherry trees of ‘Burlat’ cultivar, grafted onto ‘PHL-A’ rootstock and growing at 4×3 m spacing. The trees were sprayed with InCa calcium fertilizer based on CaT technology (manufacturer: Plant Impact). The fertilizer was applied three times, at a dose of 1.5 dm3ha. The first foliar fertilization was performed at the beginning of the flowering period, and the next two took place at fourteen-day intervals. The fruits were analysed for nitrate content, and both fruits and leaves were considered for dry weight and macro- and micronutrient analysis. The use of InCa fertilizer improved the dry matter and calcium content and reduced potassium, magnesium and cadmium level in the leaves and fruits of sweet cherry. The fertilizer facilitated narrowing K:Ca and K:(Ca + Mg) ratioes and extending of K:Mg, and especially Ca:Mg ratio in both leaves and fruits. Foliar supplementation with the investigated preparation resulted in an increase in nitrogen and manganese content, and a drop in phosphorus, copper, nickel and lead concentration in the leaves of the studied sweet cherry cultivar.

7

Analyses of micro moulding process of the microelements from ceramic powders

94%

Skalski A. , Biało D. , Wisniewski W. , Paszkowski L.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2012

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tom Vol. 6, No. 2

51-54

EN

The article discusses the issues related to moulding of micro-elements from powder materials and it covers the first stage of the process - injecting to the mould cavity and filling the micro-channels. The material, which constituted the composition of a special thermoplastic binder and ceramic powder, was injected. The binder consisted of paraffin, polyethylene, wax and stearic acid. The nanometer powders from Al2O3 ceramic material with granularity of 660 nm and 135 nm and irregularly shaped particles were used. Different loading of composition by powder were used. The analyses of the impact of injection parameters, such as the mould-s temperature and the temperature of the material, on the quality of filling the micro-mould cavity with the material, were presented. The special moulding insert with micro-channels was made to perform the analyses to that effect with width from 50 to 1000 mm. The presented results of filling the micro-channels indicate considerable influence of the mould's temperature and the cross-section of microchannels. Slight impact of the material's temperature was observed; however, this factor does not have a considerable influence on filling the channel. The obtained information was used in the experiments of injection the samples for bending tests and tensile tests, and the shapes in the form of toothed wheels.

8

Yielding and Content of Selected Microelements in Maize Fertilized With Various Organic Materials

94%

Wieczorek J. , Gambuś F. , Czech T. , Antonkiewicz J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 18, nr 4

219--223

EN

The paper aimed at comparing the yield and concentrations of zinc, copper and nickel in maize cultivated in soil fertilized with two different sewage sludge with yielding of maize fertilized with manure and solely with mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in plastic pots, of which each contained 8.5 kg of air-dried soil with granulometric composition of light sandy loam and neutral pH. Sewage sludge used for the experiment originated from two municipal sewage sludge treatment plants in Krzeszowice (sludge I) and Niepołomice (sludge II), while manure from a private farm in Czernichów district. The test plant was maize (Zea mays) cultivated for 74 days and then harvested for green forage. On the basis of conducted research it was found that various fertilizer combinations applied in the experiment had a significant influence on the test plant yielding. All compared fertilizer variants allowed maize to produce statistically significantly higher yield in comparison with the yield harvested from the unfertilized soils. Fertilization with sewage sludge I supplemented with mineral treatment and application of solely mineral salts proved the most beneficial for the maize yield. Applied fertilizer combinations affected the content of microelements. The highest concentrations of nickel in maize green mass were assessed in plant samples from the unfertilized object, whereas zinc and copper from mineral fertilization variant. Except of zinc, introducing additional metal doses did not influence their increased content in plant organs. Soil enrichment with zinc contained in sewage sludge I and II (respectively 77.4 mg and 49.9 mg ∙ pot-1) contributed to its elevated concentration in maize roots but at the same time this metal content statistically significantly decreased in maize shoots in comparison with the amounts determined in plants fertilized with mineral materials.

9

Microelement Accumulation by Selected Grassland Plant Species

94%

Kopeć M. , Gondek K. , Zarzycki J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2002

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tom Vol. 9, nr 11

1391-1396

EN

Studies on chemical composition of sward and selected species were conducted on six meadow plant communities in the Pieniny Mts. in 2001. Meadow communities, mainly Anthyli-Trifolietum were variously utilized (fallowed, scythed or mowed) and located on soils revealing acid reaction of turf level. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo and Ca were determined in Dactylis glomerata, Centaurea jacea and in the sward where the species occurred. There is a significant difference in the element contents in the selected species and in sward. The work presents a ratio of determined trace elements and calcium.

PL

W warunkach 6 zbiorowisk łąkowych w Pieninach przeprowadzono w 200 I r. badania składu chemicznego runi i wybranych gatunków. Zbiorowiska łąkowe, głównie Anthyli-Trifolietum, zlokalizowane na glebach o kwaśnym odczynie poziomu darniowego, były różnie użytkowane (odłogowane, koszone ręcznie, koszone mechanicznie). Oznaczono zawartość Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo i Ca w Dacty/is g/omerata, Centaureajucea oraz runi, w której te gatunki występowały. Istnieje istotna różnica w zawartości pierwiastków w wybranych gatunkach i runi. W pracy przedstawiono stosunek oznaczonych pierwiastków śladowych do wapnia.

10

Toksyczność boru oraz jonów żelaza i cynku dla różnych gatunków grzybów fitopatogenicznych w warunkach in vitro.

94%

Żurek M. , Sapieha-Waszkiewicz A. , Grużewska A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1999

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tom Vol. 6, nr 7

653-663

PL

W warunkach laboratoryjnych, na podłożu glukozowo-ziemniaczanym, badano wpływ boru B oraz jonów żelaza - Fe(III) i cynku - Zn(II) w stężeniach 0,5, 5 i 10 g/dm sześcienny na rozwój Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Kreisler, Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Smith) gatunków grzybów najbardziej toksycznym okazał się Fe(III); wzrost grzybów zaobserwowano tylko przy stężeniu soli 0,5 /dm sześcienny. Wrażliwość gatunków na Fe(III) wzrastała wg kolejności: F. oxysporum < A.alternata < F.culmorum ~S.sclerotiorum

EN

It has been examined the influence of borax and Fe and Zn sulphates at concentration of 0,5, 5 and 10 g/dm3 on the development of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Kreisler, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. phaseoli Kend. Sny. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. in the laboratory conditions on the PDA media. It was observed that Fe(III) was the most toxic to all of the fungi species. Their growth was observed only at concentration of salt 0,5 g/dm3. The sensivity of fungi species to Fe(III) increased as follow: F.oxysporum < A.alternata < F.culmorum ~ S.sclerotiorum < B.cinerea < R.solani. The borax at concentration of 5% and 10% completely inhibited the growth of R.solani, B.cinerea and F.oxysporum. In case of S.sclerotiorum the lack of growth was observed only at concentration of 10 g/dm3. Fungi A.alternata and F.culmorum were growing at three concentrations of the salt. Borax at concentration of 0,5 g/dm3 did not inhibit the fungi growth, except R.solani (the growth decreased at approximately 60%). The sensivity of fungi species which grew in the presence of borax at concentration 5 g/dm3 was incresed as follow: A.alternata < S.sclerotiorum < F.culmorum. Zn at concentration 5 and 10 g/dm3 completely inhibited the growth of R.solani, F.culmorum, S.sclerotiorum, however only at concentration 10 g/dm3 the growth of B.cinerea was not observed. A.alternata and F.oxysporum were growing at three salt concentrations. Zn at concentration 0,5 g/dm3 did not inhibit the growth of all species. The sensivity among species of fungi which were growing in the presence of Zn concentration of 5 g/dm3 did not significantly differ (the growth of colony was approximately 70-80% lower than in the conrol).

11

Ocena dokładności mikrowyrobów z proszków formowanych wtryskowo

94%

Skalski A. , Biało D. , Pakuła A. , Tomasik J. , Tomczewski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Nauki Techniczne

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2012

|

tom Z. 17

151-158

PL

Artykuł dotyczy problemów odwzorowania kształtów, dokładności wymiarowej i jakości powierzchni mikroelementów otrzymywanych przez formowanie wtryskowe proszków. Do wytwarzania mikroelementów zastosowano proszki żelaza. Przedstawiono wpływ ziarnistości proszków i napełnienia masy proszkiem na chropowatość powierzchni, na skurcz elementów po spiekaniu oraz wpływ na wytrzymałość na zginanie.

EN

This article deals with the problem of shapes, dimensional accuracy and surface quality of microelements obtained by powder injection moulding. For the production of microelements iron powders were used. The influence of granularity of powders and mass filling by powder on surface roughness, shrinkage of the elements after sintering and bending strength was presented.

12

New feed supplement from macroalgae as the dietary source of microelements for pigs

83%

Michalak I. , Chojnacka K. , Korniewicz D.

Open Chemistry

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2015

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tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

The aim of the study was to perform feeding experiments on growing pigs in order to assess the impact of macroalga Enteromorpha sp. enriched with Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions via the biosorption process on the mineral composition of blood, meat, liver, feces and urine. In the control group, microelements were supplemented as inorganic salts, whereas in the experimental groups they were replaced by enriched macroalga. After 3 months of the feeding experiment, it was found that the meat was biofortified with Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. The average content of Zn in the blood from the pigs fed with algae was higher by 9.5%, compared to that in the blood from pigs in the control group. The liver of growing pigs from the experimental group contained 16% less Cu and 18% less Zn than the liver in the control group. Growing pigs fed with macroalgae excreted in feces 27% more Zn than growing pigs in the control group, but 3.5 times less Cu. It could be concluded that the bioavailability of microelements to pigs from algae was higher than from the inorganic salts. Baltic macroalgae enriched with microelement ions could be potentially used as a biological feed additive.

13

Effect of Compost from By-Product of the Fishing Industry on Crop Yield and Microelement Content in Maize

83%

Radziemska M. , Mazur Z.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 4

168--175

EN

A pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of compost from fish waste with mineral and manure fertilization on the yield and chemical composition of the overground parts of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment comprised two series: I – composts at a dose of 1 g of compost per pot, and II – composts with 0.5 g of urea. The treatments were conducted on the following types of composts: compost 1: fish waste (80% d.m.), sawdust (20% d.m.); compost 2: fish waste (80% d.m.), straw (20% d.m.); compost 3: fish waste (80% d.m.), bark (20% d.m.); compost 4: fish waste (79.3% d.m.), sawdust (19.7% d.m.), lignite (1% d.m.); compost 5: fish waste (79.3% d.m.), straw (19.7% d.m.); lignite (1% d.m.); compost 6: fish waste (79.3% d.m.), bark (19.7% d.m), lignite (1% d.m). The contents of Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu and Cd were deter-mined in an air-acetylene flame using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The average crop yield of the overground parts of maize in the series without additional mineral fertilization and with mineral N-fertilization was higher compared to objects without mineral N-fertilization. The highest crop yield was noted in the case of compost containing fish waste and straw with addition of lignite and with bark and lignite. The addition of lignite to the compost mass in the series with mineral N fertilization had stronger influence on the content of cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc in the overground parts of maize.

14

Characteristics of the macro - and microelements in benthic sediments of selected mid-field ponds

83%

Brysiewicz A. , Ligocka K.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2018

|

tom nr IV/1

939--950

EN

The agricultural landscape of Western Pomerania is characterised by frequent occurrence of small, post-glacial water ponds commonly called mid-field ponds. They serve numerous important functions, both with regard to agriculture and ecology. Due to their specific location in the agricultural landscape, they are exposed to permanent and strong anthropic pressure, which often translates into pollution of surface water and benthic sediments with macro-and microelements. This study attempts to assess and determine the level of macro – and microelements in benthic sediments, depending on the type of agricultural production, on the example of selected mid-field ponds. The assessed benthic sediments of both ponds were characterised by varied macro - and microelement levels, depending on the collection site and the depth of their deposition. Based on the performed chemical analyses it was found that both observation points in the pond Żelisławiec were characterised by the highest concentrations occurring in the top layer (0-5 cm), which is related to the fact that there are areas of agriculture in the pond basin with the use of mineral and organic fertilisation and occurrence of higher water erosion. And the other assessed mid-field pond (Stare Czarnowo) showed the highest concentration of microelements in the middle layer, 5-15 cm. Statistical analyses revealed that statistically significant differences were observed only for potassium levels, depending on the type of agricultural production in the basin of both assessed ponds. This may result from various types of agricultural crops (Brassica napus L. var. napus and ×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus) and intense fertilization of arable land in Stare Czarnowo. Statistically significant differences in particular layers of sediment confirm that depending on the type of agricultural activity, mid-field ponds are supplied with various mineral matter at different times, resulting in its accumulation in benthic sediments.

15

Mikroelementy w produkcji roślinnej oraz środowisku rolniczym : perspektywa rolnicza, chemiczna oraz rynkowa

71%

Piwowar A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2021

|

tom T. 100, nr 1

53--56

PL

Mikroelementy to istotny czynnik wzrostu ilości i jakości plonu roślin uprawnych. Z uwagi na relatywnie niską zasobność gleb w mikroelementy oraz coraz wyższe potrzeby pokarmowe roślin w tym względzie, konieczne w gospodarce rolnej jest stosowanie nawozów zawierających pierwiastki śladowe. Głównym celem pracy była identyfikacja potencjału mikroelementów w produkcji roślinnej. Przedstawiono wyniki badań na pograniczu nauk przyrodniczych, chemii i biochemii. Uwzględniono także wymiar rynkowy. Wyzwaniem w badanej tematyce dla przemysłu chemicznego jest nie tylko rozwój produktów (nowe czynniki chelatujące, wzrost koncentracji składników), ale i edukacja rolników w badanym zakresie.

EN

A review with 36 refs.

16

Bezściekowa technologia produkcji dodatków paszowych z mikroelementami na bazie makroalgi Pithophora varia Wille

71%

Michalak I. , Chojnacka K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2009

|

tom T. 88, nr 5

512-515

17

Mikroelementy w pokopalnianych gruntach w rejonie Łęknicy

71%

Greinert H. , Greinert A. , Drab M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

|

2007

|

tom nr 133 (13)

147-153

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zmiany zawartości mikroelementów w pokopalnianych gruntach w rejonie Łęknicy. Zawartość mikroelementów w opisywanych gruntach była bardzo niska [...]. Po zastosowaniu wapna tlenkowomagnezowego, pochodzącego z huty cynku zaobserwowano zmianę zawartości manganu, cynku, miedzi i ołowiu w gruntach [...]. W próbkach gruntu pobranych po dwudziestu latach rekultywacji leśnej, największą zawartość mikroelementów odnotowano w ściółce leśnej [...]. Zaobserwowano wyraźne zmniejszenie zawartości tych pierwiastków wraz z głębokością.

EN

In the paper were introduced changes of microelements content in the post-mining grounds in Łęknica region. The content of microelements in described ground material was very low [...]. After use of magnesium lime from zinc mill the change of content of Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb in grounds was noticed [...]. In the samples, taken after 20 years of forest reclamation, the largest content of microelements in duff has been noted [...]. Decrease of content with ground depth was clearly observed.

18

Changes in trace metal concentrations in sward and soil in long-term fertilizier experiments. Part 1. Soil material

71%

Kopeć M. , Michalec M. , Gondek K. , Matusova K.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 11, nr 7

613--620

EN

The paper comprises the comparison of contents of selected elements in the grassland soils which properties were created during two long-term fertilizer experiments. The subject matter concerns total contenis of trace elements and their availability to plants. The first experiment (Velka Luka) was set up on the alluvial soil in Banska Bystrica, SK in 1961. It is in the region of the Zvolenska valley (19°10"E; 48°37"N). The second experiment (Czarny Potok, PL) was set up on the brown acid soil in the region of Beskid Sądecki (20°54"E; 49°24"N) in 1968. In both experiments different doses of fertilizers (NPK) were applied. The contents of heavy metals in grassland soils in Czarny Potok and Velka Luka were regarded as natural for soils. On the grounds of long-term fertilizer experiments it can be concluded that in the soil of objects fertilized with mineral fertilizers the content of heavy metals decreased in particular when objects were not limed. The content of total forms depended on the experiment localization and to a lesser extent on the fertilization applied. Applied liming had a bigger effect on the total content of heavy metals in the soil of particular objects than mineral fertilization. Taking into account some microelements mineral fertilization leads to unfavourable changes in soil availability and radical regeneration treatments are required.

PL

Zestawiono wyniki zawartości wybranych pierwiastków w glebach, których właściwości ukształtowały się w dwóch długotrwałych doświadczeniach nawozowych na użytkach zielonych. Tematem pracy są całkowite zawartości pierwiastków śladowych oraz ich dostępności dla roślin. Pierwszym obiektem badań było doświadczenie (Velka Luka) założone w Bańskiej Bystrzycy na Słowacji w 1961 roku. Jest ono zlokalizowane na aluwialnej glebie na terenie kotliny Zvolenskiej (19°10' E; 48°37' N). Drugie doświadczenie (Czarny Potok) założone w 1968 r. jest zlokalizowane w Beskidzie Sądeckim (20°54' E; 49°24' N) na glebie brunatnej kwaśnej. W obu doświadczeniach stosowano różne dawki nawozów mineralnych (NPK). Zawartość metali ciężkich w glebach trwałych użytków zielonych doświadczeń w Czarnym Potoku i Velkej Luce mieściła się w granicach zawartości naturalnych dla gleb. Na podstawie wieloletnich doświadczeń nawozowych można stwierdzić, że w glebie obiektów nawożonych mineralnie następuje zmniejszanie zasobności gleby w metale ciężkie, szczególnie wobec braku wapnowania. Zawartość form całkowitych w glebie zależała od lokalizacji doświadczenia oraz w mniejszym stopniu zastosowanego nawożenia. Ogólna zawartość metali ciężkich w glebie poszczególnych obiektów została zmieniona w większym stopniu wprowadzonym wapnowaniem niż nawożeniem mineralnym. Nawożenie mineralne prowadzi do zmian zasobności gleby, które wymagają radykalnych działań regeneracyjnych w przypadku niektórych mikroelementów.

19

Effect of soil contamination with cadmium on the element content in spring wheat (Triticum vulgare)

71%

Smolik B. , Malinowska K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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tom Vol. 15, nr 4-5

415-420

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of selected elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mo and Cu) and average ion equivalent proportions between K, Ca, Mg and Na in spring wheat. The application of a cadmium dose (2.8-560 mg Cd . kg-I of soil), resulted in a decrease in the amount of nearly all chemical elements. A slight increase in the content of calcium was noticed in wheat after the application of the lowest concentrations in the combination with and without NPK fertilization. A twofold decrease in the content of calcium was recorded only at the highest concentration of Cd as compared with the control. The addition of cadmium salt to the soil caused a broadening of the ratio K: (Ca + Mg), Ca : Mg, K : Mg and a narrowing of the ratio K : Na and K : Cs. The ion proportions did not exceed values regarded as appropriate for a good quality of fodder.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu skażenia gleby kadmem na zawartość wybranych pierwiastków (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn i Cu) oraz średnich równoważnikowych proporcji jonowych między K, Ca, Mg i Na w pszenicy jarej. Zastosowane dawki kadmu (2:8-560 mg Cd . kg-1 gleby) spowodowały zmniejszenie ilości prawie wszystkich pierwiastków. Stwierdzono nieznaczny wzrost zawartości wapnia w pszenicy po zastosowaniu najmniejszych stężeń w kombinacji bez nawożenia i z nawożeniem NPK. 2-krotny spadek zawartości wapnia odnotowano dopiero przy najwyższym stężeniu Cd w porównaniu z kontrolą. Dodatek do gleby soli kadmu spowodował rozszerzenie stosunku K : (Ca + Mg), Ca: Mg i K : Mg oraz zawężenie stosunku K : Na i K : Ca. Proporcje jonowe nie przekraczały wartości uznanych za poprawne dla dobrej jakości paszy.

20

The influence of selected active substances on the functioning of the visual system

71%

Kmiecik K. , Dziembowska I.

World Scientific News

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2018

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tom 96

108-119

EN

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and cataracts are the most common eye diseases. They are predominantly caused by insufficient amounts of antioxidants in the body, which include lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and micronutrients. The positive properties of these biologically active substances affect the neutralization of reactive oxygen species, slow absorption of UV radiation, and improve blood supply to the structural elements of the eye. Deficiency of these substances has a negative effect on the functioning of the eye, leading to degeneration of its structures. Presently, a fully effective method of treatment has not been discovered, therefore preventative measures, especially those including a healthy diet and lifestyle, are highly important as the human body cannot synthesize these beneficial substances. This requires increasing public awareness concerning products with high nutritional value, which should be included in people's daily diet.