Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Temperament, stress, and atrial fibrillation

100%

Maryniak A. , Hasiec A. , Duda B. , Orczykowski M. , Szumowski Ł.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2015

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tom 46

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nr 2

223-227

EN

In some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the causative agent of attack is stress (AF associated with adrenergic activity). In others, AF usually begins during relax or sleep (AF associated with vagal nerve dominance). This study aimed to investigate the individual factors associated with the adrenergic or vagal type of AF. This study included 138 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Sixty-eight patients reported that AF was frequently triggered by stress (sympathetic-type AF) and 70 patients reported that AF usually began during relaxation or sleep (vagal-type AF). Gender, age, ejection fraction, and temperament were compared across the two groups. Temperament was evaluated using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. The groups differed only in temperament. Patients with sympathetic-type AF had a higher score for emotional reactivity (p = 0.002) and perseverance (p = 0.002) temperament traits and a lower score for endurance (p = 0.003) than patients with vagal-type AF and than the average in population.

2

The Big Five personality and temperamental traits and its correlation with styles of coping with stress in the fire brigade officers

100%

Szrajda J. , Tudorowska M. , Kujawski S. , Weber-Rajek M. , Sygit-Kowalkowska E. , Kobos Z. , Słomko J. , Tafil-Klawe M. , Zalewski P.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2017

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tom 8

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nr 2

163-173

EN

Abstract Selecting specific professional activities (e.g. a brigade officer) and methods for coping with difficult situations may result from personal predispositions of a given person. Personality is founded on the innate temperament. The way of dealing with stress depends on personality traits whose influence is manifested, amongst other things, in the selection of specific coping styles. The current study aim to examine the level of correlation between personality and temperamental traits with manifested coping styles. The study covered 58 volunteers – male fire brigade officers. The following tools were used: Personality Inventory, NEO-FFI, Formal Characteristics of Behaviour: Temperament Inventory – Revised Version, FCZ-KT (R) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, CISS. Emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations correlates with the following traits: positively, with perseveration (r=0.5115) and with emotional reactivity (r=0.4927), and negatively, with briskness (r=-0.3926) and endurance (r=-0.5408). The task-oriented coping style for stressful situations correlates positively with extraversion (r=0.3236) and conscientiousness (r=0.3088), and negatively with neuroticism (r=-0.3368) in the NEO-FFI. The emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations is positively correlated with neuroticism (NEO-FFI) (r=0.4150). In fire brigade officers, As far as personality traits were concerned, fire brigade officers scored relatively high in extraversion, conscientiousness and low in neuroticism and were likely to demonstrate the task-oriented coping style for stressful situations. Lower level of perseveration and high level of briskness and endurance were associated with emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations. Similarly, the tendency to focus on emotions experienced in stressful situations were associated with high level of neuroticism in the study group.

3

Links between oral health and personality at a law enforcement school

88%

Faragó I. , Túry F. , Márton S. , Nagy G. , Hopcraft M. , Madléna M.

Open Medicine

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2014

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tom 9

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nr 1

86-91

EN

One of the territories of dental psychosomatics is the link between personality characterisctics and dental status. The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between temperament and character factors and dental status in police students. It can be hypothesized, that some temperament factors can increase the risk for dental health problems. After dental screening 792 police students completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) devised by Cloninger. 57.5% of students rated their own teeth as being in good or very good condition, and only 2.8% as bad condition. In persons rating their dental status as “good”, the average DMFT was 9.23±5.01 (mean±S.D.). In students assessing their own oral health as bad, TCI results showed that a higher percentage of students displayed extravagance, impulsiveness, disorderliness than the overall population. Among the students with good self-assessment but bad teeth, there was a higher percentage of students displaying passivity, low assertiveness, and introversion. The temperament and character factors may have negative consequences for students in an institution which exposes them to high stress level. It may be useful to screen these students using subjective health questionnaires in order to permit more effective efforts to positive health behaviour.

4

State anxiety change after a parachute jump and its determinants: gender, experience, and temperament features

88%

Bołdak A. , Guszkowska M.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2013

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tom 5

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nr 1

113-120

EN

Study aim: To determine the role of gender and experience level as factors differentiating state anxiety before and after a parachute jump, and to ascertain relationships between state anxiety and temperament features. Material and methods: The research involved 143 parachutists (98 men and 45 women) aged from 17 to 49 years old, including 73 beginners and 70 advanced parachutists. The following questionnaires were applied: the Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory by Zawadzki and Strelau, the Sensation Seeking Scale by Zuckerman, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger et al. Results: There was a significant decrease in state anxiety level after a parachute jump (before M = 32.66; after M = 28.57; p < 0.001). Its level is significantly higher in beginners than in experienced skydivers (p < 0.001). The level of experience is also a negative predictor of state anxiety level before the jump and its decrease after the jump. Conclusion: As experience grows, the positive adaptation to stress caused by parachute jump appears, which results with lowering the state anxiety level.

5

Nieciągłość myślenia w filozofii Emila Ciorana

44%

Rura M.

Kultura i Wartości

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2019

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nr 27

DE

Im Artikel wird die Bedeutung interpretiert, die für Ciorans Auffassung der Philosophie die Diskontinuität spielt. Sie findet den vollkommensten Ausdruck in seiner Aphoristik. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet der Hinweis auf das Temperament als die Hauptquelle der Philosophie von Cioran. Die aus dem Temperament hergeleitete Philosophie kann nicht den Moment der Reflexion enthalten, der als Versuch verstanden wird, Distanz gegenüber der unmittelbar erlebter Wahrheit des Daseins zu gewinnen. In Anbetracht des sekundären Charakters der Sprache ist er zur unvollständigen Kommunikation verurteilt. Ciorans Philosophie bildet einen Kompromiss zwischen einem unmittelbaren Schrei, der sich nicht mitteilen lässt und dem entfremdeten Jargon der traditionellen Philosophie. Das diskontinuierliche Denken ohne feste Ordnung kümmert sich nicht um immanente Widersprüche und die Möglichkeit der Schlussfolgerung, sondern bildet quasi eine Verflechtung, die das Temperament des Denkers widerspiegelt. Das bedeutet jedoch kein vollkommenes Chaos, sondern eine Kommunikationsart, deren Hauptmassstäbe die dem Schrei entnommenen Unbestimmtheit und Zügellosigkeit sind.

EN

The paper is an interpretation of discontinuity as it is presented in Cioran’s aphoristic philosophy. The beginning of the analysis is an indication of the temperament as the main source of Cioran's philosophy. A philosophy derived from temperament cannot contain the moment of reflection understood as an attempt to distance oneself from the directly experienced truth of being. Due to the secondary character of the language, such philosophy is doomed to incomplete communication. Cioran's philosophy is therefore a compromise between direct but non-communicative scream and alienated jargon of traditional philosophy. Discontinuous thinking, devoid of rules, does not care about immanent contradictions and the possibility of interrupting inference, but rather is perceived as a kind of entanglement reflecting the temperament of the philosopher. This means the creation of method of communication whose main determinants are indeterminacy and uncontrollability.

PL

W artykule przedstawia się interpretację roli, jaką dla Cioranowskiego pojmowania filozofii spełnia nieciągłość znajdująca najpełniejszy wyraz w jego aforystyce. Punkt wyjścia stanowi wskazanie na temperament jako naczelne źródło filozofii Ciorana. Filozofia wywodzona z temperamentu nie może zawierać momentu refleksji rozumianego jako próba uzyskania dystansu względem bezpośrednio przeżywanej prawdy bycia. Z uwagi na wtórny charakter języka jest ona skazana na niepełną komunikowalność. Filozofia Ciorana stanowi zatem kompromis pomiędzy bezpośrednim a niekomunikowalnym „krzykiem” oraz wyobcowanym żargonem tradycyjnej filozofii. Myślenie nieciągłe, pozbawione reguł, nie troszczy się o immanentne sprzeczności oraz możliwość przerwania wnioskowania, lecz stanowi niejako splątanie odzwierciedlające temperament filozofa. Nie oznacza to całkowitego chaosu, lecz stworzenie sposobu komunikacji, którego głównymi wyznacznikami są zaczerpnięte z „krzyku” nieokreśloność i niepohamowanie.