Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

"Procedural Guarantees for EU Citizens against Expulsion in the Light of Directive 2004/38/EC"

100%

Wojnowska-Radzińska J.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2018

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tom 8

EN

The present paper analyses the scope of protection of EU citizens against expulsion under Directive 2004/38/EC and in the case-law of the Court of Justice of the Eu-ropean Union. According to the provision of this Directive, an EU citizen threatened with expulsion must have access to relevant documents and accessible information on the legal procedures to be followed in his/her case. Even if the government claims that national security interests keep courts from disclosing the evidence to the EU citizen, it is obliged to submit any material or evidence capable of corroborating that the interests of national security or public order are at stake. The CJEU requires that the evidence has to be scrutinised by the adversarial proceedings. In particular, the EU citizen must be informed, in any event, of the essence of the grounds on which an expulsion decision is based, as the necessary protection of State security cannot have the effect of denying the person concerned of his/her right to be heard.

2

Odsun německých obyvatel z Vyškovska ve vzpomínkách pamětníků

99%

Pechová J.

Národopisný věstník

|

2018

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tom 35_(77)

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nr 1

74-93

EN

When evaluating German inhabitants memories relating to the 1946 expulsion, the significant criteria are the age and the gender of those participating, which have a crucial influence on the participants´ attitude to the events they experienced. The theme of the memories includes mainly preparations for the expulsion, farewell to home, hardships on the way, circumstances of the arrival, beginnings in a foreign environment, as well as gradual assimilation and improvement in the coexistence with domestic population. Sometimes, the theme includes post-war family re-unification, renewed contacts to friends, and care of mementoes that they brought from the former fatherland with them. The older German emigrants had grievances in relation to the Czechs, which - in the case of some of them - survived until their death. The younger generation, i.e. the expulsed children at that time, shows rather nostalgia, interest in the present-day life in their home towns and villages, and new contacts to their contemporary inhabitants. The expulsion of German fellow citizens was also reflected in experiences and recollections of the Czech residents in the Vyškov area. As to the bearer´s bias and experience, the expulsion was perceived either in a positive way with feelings of satisfaction, or in a negative way with expressions of sorrow and sympathy.

3

The Expulsion of European Union Citizens from the Host Member State: Legal Grounds and Practice

99%

Maslowski S.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2015

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tom 4

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nr 2

61-85

EN

The last decade has witnessed the development of a growing phenomenon, the expulsion of European Union (EU) citizens from a host Member State. While the EU encourages its citizens to use their fundamental right of freedom of movement, citizens moving to other Member States continue to encounter legal obstacles, in some cases leading to expulsion. Recently, there has even been strong political pressure in some Member States to reconsider the benefits of the principle of free movement, which has been built progressively since the foundation of the European Community. This restrictive approach has arisen against the background of the global economic crisis, which occurred just after the enlargement of the EU to economically poorer countries of Central and Eastern Europe, leading to more nationalistic and protectionist measures, which have legal consequences for EU citizens on the move. This article analyses the legal grounds for expulsion under EU law and the safeguards that protect EU citizens residing in host Member States. Examples of expulsions from Member States in recent years are noted, and possible ways of overcoming current issues are proposed.

4

Archiving in the Face of Erasure: the Idea of the “Post-German” Archive

99%

Ćwiek-Rogalska K.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2020

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nr 19

77-100

EN

The article introduces the notion of the “post-German” archive as an idea for further research on the erased cultures of Central Europe. The author questions the hierarchical and top-down structure of the institutionalized archive. Instead, she proposes to understand the “post-German” archive as an inclusive conception. It would incorporate various narratives, languages, and perspectives. In this way, the canonization of given motives can be avoided. The author pays special attention to the responsibility of the researcher. She illustrates the theoretical framework with examples from Polish and Czech archival practices.

5

Das Schaffen von Gerold Tietz – literarisches Engagement eines vertriebenen sudetendeutschen

99%

Kubica J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2020

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nr 15

31-43

EN

Gerold Tietz was born in 1941 in Horka (north Bohemia) in a family of Sudeten Germans. Germans lived in this village together with Czechs, Roma people and Jews. The family also involved Czech relatives and many of German relatives spoke good Czech and kept relations with Czech cultural groups. After the war Gerold Tietz and his family were expelled to Swabia. He studied history, French and political science. From 1969 the graduated historian lived in Esslingen where he taught in the grammar school for thirty years. In the autobiographically oriented novels Böhmische Fuge (1997), Böhmisches Richtfest (2007) and in Böhmische Grätschen (2009) Tietz tried to depict official social-political events connected with famous political and cultural figures as well as the stories of ordinary days of “small people” who had to face the consequences of historic changes which influenced their lives. The paper analyses the conditions of Czech and German coexistence and confronts the authentic historic context. Nevertheless, negative features of these ethnic groups are not overlooked and the positive ones are presented as a positive contribution to the current European multiculturalism.

6

Burial and thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Lower Palaeozoic source rocks in the Kraków–Rzeszów area (SE Poland)

85%

Kosakowski P. , Wróbel M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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tom Vol. 81, No 3

459-471

EN

Burial history, thermal maturity and timing of hydrocarbon generation were modelled for the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks in the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep. 1-D modelling was carried out for wells located in the area between Kraków and Rzeszów cities (SE Poland). The following wells were modelled: Będzienica 2, Hermanowa 1, Nawsie 1, Nosówka 2 and 12, Pilzno 40, and Zawada 8K. The Ordovician and Silurian source rocks, containing oil-prone Type-II kerogen, are generally immature showing less than 0.5% reflectance of vitrinite-like macerals (Ro), in most of the Kraków–Rzeszów area and only in the eastern part the organic matter is early mature, reaching 0.7% equivalent Ro. The highest thermal maturity is found in the eastern part of the study area, near Rzeszów city, where the Lower Palaeozoic strata are buried to the greatest depth. Maturity modelling shows that the source rocks reached the initial phase of the “oil window” only in the eastern part of the area, whereas they are immature in the larger, western portion of the area. In addition, modelling indicates that the onset of petroleum generation started in the late Miocene, after the Outer Carpathian overthrust phase. The generation processes in the eastern part of the analysed area reached the main and late generation phase. The generated hydrocarbons were mostly expelled from the source rocks. In the western part of the study area the generation process has not been initialized.

7

„Němečtí Židé“ v Československu v letech 1945–1948

85%

Sedlická M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2016

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tom 8

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nr 1

120-131

EN

This article deals with the situation and legal status of the so-called German Jews in Czechoslovakia during 1945–1948. It focuses on Jewish survivors who declared that they had German nationality in the 1930 census. Not all Jews who had lived in pre-war Czechoslovakia were allowed (after the end of the Second World War) to take Czechoslovak citizenship. Those who were barred from doing so were largely Czechoslovak Jews with German nationality or German-speaking Jews. The article describes their efforts to obtain Czechoslovak citizenship. The author concentrates on their post-war fears of being expelled from Czechoslovakia. The article focuses on the efforts of the Jewish representatives to protect and help the German Jews.

8

Legal Approaches to ‘Unwanted’ EU Citizens in the Netherlands

85%

Mantu S. , Minderhoud P. , Grütters C. , Mantu S. , Minderhoud P. , Grütters C.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2021

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

9

Modelowanie generacji i ekspulsji węglowodorów podłoża mezopaleozoicznego w rejonie Strzelce Wielkie-1

85%

Dudek L.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2002

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tom nr 116 wyd. konferencyjne

77--82

PL

Podstawowych parametrów geologicznych dla modelowania generacyjnego dostarczyły konstrukcje geotektonicznego rozwoju etapów: dewońskiego, karbońskiego, permsko-triasowego, jurajskiego, kredowego, trzeciorzędowego i czwartorzędowego. Po wytypowaniu skał macierzystych z utworów mezopaleozoicznych, czyli oszacowaniu ilości jak i jakości rozproszonej substancji organicznej oraz jej stopnia dojrzałości termicznej, było wykonanie symulacji komputerowej, dzięki której można było obliczyć stopień i czas przeobrażenia materii organicznej, a w efekcie końcowym ilość i skład wygenerowanych węglowodorów oraz określić w jakim czasie geologicznym miało to miejsce.

EN

The basic parameters for the hydrocarbon generation modeling were obtained from the geotectonic analysis of the following periods: Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous. After selecting the maturity rock form mezzo-Paleozoic period of the Strzelce Wielkie Region and estimating the amount and the quality of the scattered organic substance together with the degree of its thermal maturity, the computer simulation was performed. As the result of the above it was possible to calculate the phase and the time of the organic matter transformation, and to evaluate the final amount and the composition of generated hydrocarbons. It was also possible to estimate the geological time when the above transformation occurred.

10

“Empty Human Rights Lip Service”: France’s Roma Expulsions and the Failure of the European Union to Exercise Its Racial Equality Directive

85%

Patten A.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

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2011

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tom 31

315-347

EN

This article argues that the arrests and expulsion of large numbers of Roma carried out by the French government in 2010 violated the European Union’s human rights principles because non-French Roma were targeted collectively for removal. In response to the expulsions, the European Commission initiated infringement proceedings against France for procedural violations of European Union Directive 2004/38 (the Free Movement Directive). However such racially discriminatory state action should be challenged more properly as a substantive violation of Directive 2000/43 (the Racial Equality Directive). Because the European Union does not have its own separate body of human rights law that is binding within Member States, using the Racial Equality Directive to offer protection to vulnerable minorities by challenging discriminatory state practices may be an alternative method of achieving human rights objectives within Member States. Moreover, since the Racial Equality Directive lacks interpretation, a situation of race-based expulsion of EU migrants would be an opportunity to clarify and develop the scope and meaning of the Directive.

11

Kamień narzędziem puryfikacji: kamienowanie starożytnych Greków jako rytuał oczyszczenia

71%

Skarbek-Kazanecki J.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

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2015

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nr 5

31-40

PL

Pojmowanie winy w starożytnej Grecji było zakorzenione w myśleniu symbolicznym, wszelkie zachowania związane z przewiną wykazywały zaś związek ze zmazą religijną (gr. miasma) oraz powszechnym lękiem przed tym, co nieczyste. Także kamienowanie, stanowiące jedną z metod wykonywania kary śmierci, odznaczało się specyfiką bliską obrzędom oczyszczenia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie, występujących na gruncie greckim, religijnych konotacji aktu kamienowania – rytuału pomijanego milczeniem przez większość opracowań podejmujących temat greckiej zmazy – oraz puryfikacyjnego aspektu rzutu głazem.

EN

Understanding of guilt in Ancient Greece was deeply ingrained in symbolic language; particularly any behaviour that could be tied to offence was connected with the religious „stain” (grc. miasma) and the common fear of having contact with someone who is „unclean”. Also, the ritual of stoning, which was the main form of capital punishment, was one of the methods of purification. However, most publications on the issue of Greek stain exclude the question of stoning. The aim of the publication is to complete this omission and to show the religious connotation of the act of throwing stones in Ancient Greece.

12

Procesy generowania i ekspulsji węglowodorów – rola siarki organicznej: zastosowanie metody dla potrzeb poszukiwań naftowych

71%

Więcław D. , Kotarba M. J. , Burzewski W.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

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tom nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

57--60

EN

Determination of organic sulphur content in kerogen is necessary element for precise assay of its genetic type and for modelling of time position of "oil window" and other hydrocarbon generation phases for individual source rocks during geological development of petroleum basin. Presence of organic sulphur in kerogen within clayey-mudstone Menilite strata of the Flysch Carpathians and carbonate Main Dolomite strata of the Polish Lowlands prove that within these source rocks early process of generation of liquid hydrocarbons on lower stage of kerogen transformation was possible. Up to now this immature kerogen was considered incapable for generation of liquid hydrocarbons. Presence of type II-S kerogen in Menilite strata of Skole unit of the Flysch Carpathians indicates that oil was generated during sedimentation stage of development of basin of the tectonic unit.

13

Potencjał węglowodorowy skał macierzystych i modelowanie generowania i ekspulsji węglowodorów wybranych obszarów Polski

71%

Kotarba M. J.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

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tom nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

53--56

EN

A study of generation and expulsion processes as well as origin of hydrocarbons in the Polish part of the Carpathian province cover the flysch strata, Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep and Paleozoic - Mesozoic basement. The highest hydrocarbon potential within Skole unit represent Menilite and Spas beds, and Silesian unit Menilite and Vefovice beds. The generation of thermogenic hydrocarbons from Menilite beds took place only in the initial phase at the sedimentation stage. This process did not occur at the orogcnic and post-orogenic stages. In the autochthonous Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep, gas-prone type III kerogen with a rare admixture of algal type II kerogen, occur. The generation of microbial methane and formation of multihorizontal traps within the autochthonous Miocene strata favoured the rhytmic and cyclic deposition of clays and sands and a high rate of their sedimentation. Gaseous hydrocarbons accumulated within Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Flysch Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep were generated during microbial process and a few phases (at least two) of the thermogenic process. The Middle Jurassic mudstone-claystone strata may additionally be the source rock for this oil. Oil accumulated within the Lower Carboniferous carbonates in Nosówka deposit belong to a separate genetic family which was probably generated from the organic matter (type II kerogen) dispersed in the Ordovician strata. Detailed geochemical studies of oils and rocks in the Lublin area showed that both in the Carboniferous and Devonian strata both gas-prone and oil-prone source rocks exist.

14

Zobowiązanie cudzoziemca do powrotu – nowa jakość w polskim prawie o cudzoziemcach? Refleksje o wdrożeniu dyrektywy powrotowej

71%

Narożniak A.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2014

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nr 2(6)

155-187

EN

The subject of this article is the obligation to return as a new instrument in the Polish law on foreigners. This obligation to return has been in force since 1 May 2014 and replaces the previously functioning expulsion and the obligation to leave the territory of the Republic of Poland. New legal solutions result from the transposition of so called “Return Directive”, agreed in 2008 and the entry into force of the Foreigners Act of 12 December 2013. The question is whether these solutions constitute an absolute novelty or whether they are a stage in the evolution of the Polish law on foreigners. Is it merely a correction of the former standards or a totally new quality? The answer to these questions is crucial, as the regulations concerning the status of illegally staying foreigners are a measure show whether the balance between the protection of human rights and the protection of public interest in its numerous aspects is achieved. Seeking for the answer, the author firstly presents the provisions of the Return Directive and subsequently introduces the institution of the obligation to return against the background of the legal regulation of expulsion and obligation to leave the territory of the Republic of Poland. The analysis addresses types of administrative decisions in these matters, their premises, contents, legal consequences and execution as well as a tolerated stay permit and a permission to stay for humanitarian reasons. Competent authorities and different forms of aid and assistance offered to foreigners are also discussed. The deliberations end with a few reflections. In the conclusion it is stated that the obligation to return is not, as such, revolutionary in the Polish law on foreigners. However, many of the new solutions constitute important developments, generally in favour of the above mentioned balance between the protection of human rights and public interest. Despite this principally positive evaluation, it is noteworthy that some of them may pose a certain risk.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest nowej w polskim porządku prawnym instytucji zobowiązania cudzoziemca do powrotu, która z dniem 1 maja 2014 r. zastępuje funkcjonujące wcześniej równolegle instytucje: wydalenia i zobowiązania cudzoziemca do opuszczenia terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Nowe rozwiązania są w znacznej mierze skutkiem wdrożenia tzw. dyrektywy powrotowej przyjętej w 2008 r. i wejścia w życie Ustawy o cudzoziemcach z dnia 12 grudnia 2013 r. Autorka zadaje pytanie, czy rozwiązania te mają charakter całkowicie nowatorski, czy też stanowią wyraz ewolucji polskiego prawa o cudzoziemcach. Czy mamy do czynienia jedynie z korektą dotychczasowych standardów czy z ich zupełnie nową jakością? Odpowiedź na te pytania jest istotna, gdyż sposób traktowania cudzoziemca przebywającego na terytorium państwa niezgodnie z prawem jest wyznacznikiem stopnia równowagi pomiędzy wymogami poszanowania praw człowieka a ochroną interesu publicznego w różnych jego aspektach. Poszukując odpowiedzi na postawione pytania, autorka prezentuje postanowienia dyrektywy powrotowej, a następnie przedstawia instytucję zobowiązania cudzoziemca do powrotu na tle wydalenia i zobowiązania cudzoziemca do opuszczenia terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Analiza dotyczy rodzajów decyzji, przesłanek ich wydania, treści, skutków prawnych, wykonania, udzielenia zgody na pobyt tolerowany i zgody na pobyt ze względów humanitarnych, właściwości organów oraz form pomocy dla cudzoziemca. Rozważania zamyka garść refleksji. Konkluzje obejmują stwierdzenie, że instytucja zobowiązania cudzoziemca do powrotu jako taka nie ma charakteru rewolucyjnego w polskim prawie o cudzoziemcach. Znaczna część rozwiązań wprowadza jednak istotne zmiany, zasadniczo sprzyjające wspomnianej równowadze między poszanowaniem praw człowieka a interesem publicznym. Pomimo tej ogólnie pozytywnej oceny niektóre z nich zdają się nieść za sobą również pewne ryzyko w tym zakresie.

15

Gwarancje proceduralne na wypadek wydalenia cudzoziemca w systemie Europejskiej konwencji praw człowieka

71%

Mizerski R.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2016

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nr 3(15)

61-96

EN

The author discusses the legal basis, the cope of application, the content and the concurrence of procedural guarantees in the event of an expulsion of an alien under the European Convention. These guarantees stem from Article 1 of Protocol No. 7, Article 4 of Protocol No. 4, Articles 13 and 34 of the Convention as well as from the concepts of positive obligations and tests of legality and necessity, developed in the case law of the Strasbourg Court. Guarantees under Article 1 of Protocol No. 7 and Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 are the only ones that are applicable regardless of whether an expulsion results in the violation of an alien's rights or the limitation of the freedoms arising from the Convention. Moreover, they do not apply to extradition proceedings, whereas the other guarantees do. However, in the context of the guarantees resulting from Article 13 of the Convention and the concepts of positive obligations as well as the tests of legality and necessity, a common standard of procedural requirements in an event of an expulsion of an alien seems to have emerged. It includes the alien's right to information on the specific reasons for expulsion; available remedies and a possibility of obtaining legal assistance; the right to submit arguments against expulsion; the right to be represented; the right to have the case reviewed; the right to an independent and impartial authority competent to decide in the case. In the event where an expulsion puts an alien in danger of irreversible damage to his/her rights, the person concerned should have, in addition, access to a remedy with automatic suspensive effect. This standard is also quite common to guarantees stemming from Articles 1 of Protocol No. 7 and Article 4 of Protocol No. 4. However, since “competent authority” under Article 1 of Protocol No. 7 need not be the authority with whom the final decision on expulsion rests and because it is possible to expel an alien before the exercise of his/her rights under this Article, the author is of the opinion that the latter should apply only to expulsions that do not threaten conventional rights.

PL

Autor omawia podstawy prawne, zakresy stosowania, treść oraz zbieg gwarancji proceduralnych na wypadek wydalenia cudzoziemca w systemie Europejskiej konwencji praw człowieka. Rzeczone gwarancje wynikają z art. 1 Protokołu nr 7, art. 4 Protokołu nr 4, art 13 i 34 Konwencji, a także koncepcji obowiązków pozytywnych oraz testów legalności i konieczności, rozwiniętych w orzecznictwie trybunału strasburskiego. Jedynie gwarancje wynikające z art. 1 Protokołu nr 7 i art. 4 Protokołu nr 4 mają zastosowanie niezależnie od tego, czy wydalenie może prowadzić do naruszenia praw i wolności cudzoziemca wynikających z Konwencji. Co więcej, nie mają one zastosowania do postępowania ekstradycyjnego, czego nie da się powiedzieć o pozostałych. Z kolei w ramach gwarancji wynikających z art. 13 Konwencji oraz koncepcji obowiązków pozytywnych i testów legalności i konieczności zdaje się wyłaniać – mimo specyfiki każdej z tych gwarancji – wspólny standard wymogów proceduralnych na wypadek wydalenia cudzoziemca. Składa się nań: prawo cudzoziemca do informacji o konkretnych przyczynach wydalenia, dostępnych środkach prawnych oraz możliwości uzyskania pomocy prawnej; prawo do przedstawienia argumentów przeciwko wydaleniu; prawo do bycia reprezentowanym; prawo do rzetelnego rozpatrzenia jego sprawy przez niezależny i bezstronny organ krajowy, który jest kompetentny do podjęcia wiążącej decyzji w tym przedmiocie. W przypadku gdy wydalenie cudzoziemca groziłoby poniesieniem przez niego nieodwracalnej szkody, dostępny dla niego środek prawny powinien mieć ponadto automatyczny skutek zawieszający. W dużej mierze standard ten dotyczy też gwarancji proceduralnych wynikających z art. 1 Protokołu nr 7 i art. 4 Protokołu nr 4. Ponieważ jednak „właściwym organem” w rozumieniu art. 1 Protokołu nr 7 nie musi być organ, który decyduje w kwestii wydalenia, a ponadto możliwe jest wydalenie cudzoziemca przed wykonywaniem jego prawa, wynikających z tego przepisu, autor jest zdania, że powinien on mieć zastosowanie jedynie w razie wydalenia niezagrażającego prawom konwencyjnym.

16

Modelowanie generacji i ekspulsji węglowodorów z utworów podłoża miocenu na tle struktury hermanowej

71%

Kupisz L.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

|

tom nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

71--75

EN

The short description of geological structure in Hetmanowa region was presented in the publication. Burial models, basement subsidence models, thermal history petroleum, petroleum potential of source rock were prepared under this publication. Identification of miocene base source rock was prepared for definition of hydrocarbons generation conditions, using Genex computing program. The purpose was to check how deep generation had accurate and to define generation geological time.

17

Rola wody związanej w powstawaniu kolektorów szczelinowatych oraz ekspulsji ropy ze skał macierzystych

71%

Zalajew N. Z.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

|

tom nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

369--373

EN

Part of water within silt rocks, so-called "free water", is squeezed out due to formation pressure. The left one is called "bound water". The bound water can be released from the rock with thermal energy increase, at about 120°C. The water release causes very high pressure (1000-1500 MPa) inside beds. As a result of that a fissured rock creation takes place. An impermeable rock becomes permeable, and the water, which is under very high pressure, move oil out of the source-rock. The bound water released from rocks causes secondary fissured porosity, increment of free water content in the rock as well as generation of an abnormal pressure zone. It also causes the expulsion of oil from the source-rock and initiates an oil migration process.

18

LATO UMARŁYCH SNÓW – ROK 1945 NA ZIEMI PRUDNICKIEJ W ŚWIADOMOŚCI JEJ MIESZKAŃCÓW. DZIAŁALNOŚĆ EDUKACYJNA MUZEUM ZIEMI PRUDNICKIEJ

57%

Dominiak W.

Muzealnictwo

|

2017

|

tom 58

169-180

EN

Some years have already passed since the book Summer of dead dreams by Harry Thürk (2015) was published. Some inhabitants of Prudnik County have treated the German perception as presented in its pages and interwoven in the historicists’ motifs, as a non-fiction and as a reliable source. This is why it has become essential to take some steps to present this multithreaded post-war event more honestly. One of the museums’ functions is their multi-dimensional educational activity, achieved through exhibitions and publications. Consequently, the Prudnik County Museum in Prudnik town has undertaken the task of showing the chequered history of this region from 1945 to 1947 by: a) preparing and elaborating a permanent exhibition entitled “Seen through a net curtain. The multiculturality of Upper Silesia based on Prudnik County”; b) publishing a book of the same title which brings closer the intangible heritage of Prudnik county, seen in its traditions and folk rituals of various social and cultural groups which together form its current “ethnos”; c) publishing a collection of eyewitness accounts by people who remember the years 1945–1947. The issue of changing borders and resettlements still evokes emotions for both the Polish and German communities. Although, the Polish and German tragedy of the civilian population had different origins, the tragedy itself was the same: extermination, forcing people to abandon their homes, going into the unknown, exile, illnesses and death are the common denominators of those sad events at the end of WWII. The museum’s role is to familiarise the public with a very frequently difficult and tragic history which would be free of stereotypes and subjectivity.

PL

Od ukazania się powieści Harry’ego Thürka pt. Lato umarłych snów (2015) minęło już kilka lat. Zaprezentowana na jej łamach i wpleciona w wątki historyzujące optyka niemiecka przez część mieszkańców Ziemi Prudnickiej została potraktowana jako literatura faktu i wiarygodny przekaz źródłowy. Stąd też konieczne stało się podjęcie działań ukazujących rzetelnie wielowątkowo trudne wydarzenie powojenne. Jedną w funkcji muzeów jest działalność edukacyjna realizowana wielopłaszczyznowo, tj. poprzez wystawy oraz publikacje. Dlatego Muzeum Ziemi Prudnickiej w Prudniku podjęło się ukazania trudnej historii tego regionu z lat 1945–1947 poprzez następujące działania: a) przygotowania i opracowania ekspozycji stałej pt. „Spojrzenie przez gardinkę. Wielokulturowość Górnego Śląska na przykładzie Ziemi Prudnickiej”; b) publikację książki pod tym samym tytułem, która przybliża niematerialne dziedzictwo Ziemi Prudnickiej zawarte w zwyczajach i obrzędach ludowych różnych grup społeczno-kulturowych, tworzących jej obecne etnicum; c) publikację książki będącej zbiorem relacji świadków czasu, osób pamiętających lata 1945–1947. Kwestia zmiany granic i przesiedleń ludności wciąż wywołuje emocje po stronie polskiej i niemieckiej. Tragedia ludności cywilnej – polskiej i niemieckiej – chociaż inna była jej geneza, jest taka sama: wykorzenienie, zmuszenie do pozostawienia swoich domów, droga w nieznane, tułaczka, choroby, śmierć to wspólny mianownik smutnych wydarzeń końca II wojny światowej. Rolą muzeum jest jak najpełniejsze, wolne od stereotypów i subiektywizmu, przybliżenie tej trudnej, często tragicznej historii.

19

Transpozycja zasady non-refoulement do polskiego systemu ochrony uchodźców

57%

Grześkowiak M.

Studia Iuridica

|

2018

|

tom 76

199-217

PL

The paper aims at examining the influence of international legislations on the scope and content of the non-refoulement principle as articulated in the Polish law. Its shape on the Polish national ground is in fact a sum of influences stemming from external law systems. The article is based on the determination of three major sources of the refugee law that shape the content of the principle: public international law, European Union law and Polish national law. The Author first scrutinises the scope and content of the principle as laid down in crucial legislations belonging to these three sources which later enables their comparison and examination of the impact they make on one another in terms of conceptualisation of the principle of non-refoulement. The EU law reflects and specifies mechanisms established in the public international law which are further specified on a national ground. The final product is a national structure of the principle which is far more specific than the one known from the 1951 Refugee Convention that first stipulated it. The Author concludes with pointing at flaws and inaccuracies in a national articulation of the principle.

20

Zastosowanie wskaźników molekularnych do oceny procesów migracji węglowodorów na przykładzie wybranych rop naftowych z dolomitu głównego

57%

Bieleń J.

Nafta-Gaz

|

2012

|

tom R. 68, nr 9

585-589

PL

W poszukiwaniach naftowych bardzo istotnym problemem jest określenie kierunków i długości dróg migracji węglowodorów. Na takie pytania można odpowiedzieć, między innymi śledząc zmiany składu molekularnego w próbkach pobieranych z różnych części złoża. Analizowane były składniki lekkich rop i określane ilościowo stosunki wytypowanych związków, wskazujących na zmiany ich koncentracji podczas migracji. Na podstawie wyliczonych wskaźników oraz obserwacji rozkładu metylowych pochodnych karbazolu stwierdzono względnie krótką lateralno-wertykalną drogę migracji rop naftowych ze złoża Sowia Góra-Lubiatów.

EN

In the process of oil research, the crucial concern is the way to define the direction and the length of hydrocarbons migrations paths. This can be solved by following the changes of the molecular composition of the samples taken from different parts of the deposit. Components of light oils were analyzed and the numerical ratio of the selected compounds were determined so as to indicate the changes of their concentration during the migration process. Based on the calculated indicators and observations of the distribution of methyl derivatives of carbazole, lateral/vertical migration pathway was relatively short (for Sowia Góra-Lubiatów crude oils).