Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Physical activity of pupils during school-sport and leisure time, depending on their body weight: are overweight pupils physically inactiv?

100%

Ulmer H.-V. , Hüttlin K.

Physiotherapy

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2010

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tom 18

|

nr 1

32-34

EN

It seems to be common sense, that hypomobility is an essential cause for overweight and adiposity. As a consequence, physical activity usually is recommended against adiposity. In literature doubts, based on empirical studies, could be found, that the lamentations about an unfit and by this fat youth seems to be rather a sociological phenomenon of an imaginary crisis than an empirically based fact.Especially concerning young people in Germany, physical inactivity is accused to be an important cause of adiposity. Therefore we are interested in the spontaneous intensity of physical activity of pupils during their physical education and in leisure time in relation to their body mass index.Pupils (10-19 y old, 15 forms) were observed during their physical education systematically regarding quantitative and qualitative items. Additionally the intensity of physical and sporting activities in leisure time were investigated by questionnaire. The results show, that the rate of underweight was higher than of adiposity in the researched group. Between the intensity of physical activity in physical education and in leisure related to the deviations of normal weight (BMI) no relevant correlations could be stated.Discussing these results, the hypotheses: Physical inactivity is a central cause of adiposity and physical activity is a very good action against adiposity seems to be too simple. Eating behaviour, genetic disposition, psychological factors etc. obviously are very relevant, too. This must be considered in public recommendations against adiposity as well as the risks of uncontrolled physical activities for joints, bones and muscles especially in case of overweight.

2

Effect of Added Weights on the Characteristics of Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walk-to-Run Gait Transition

100%

Nimbarte A. , Li L.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

81-87

EN

Purpose. In this study, the effect of added weights on the various force and time related characteristics of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the last five steps prior to walk-to-run transition was studied. Basic procedures. Experimental set up consisted of a force platform embedded treadmill. Sixteen college students performed experimental trials by carrying 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of their body weight. During each trial, after walking for about 30 seconds the speed of the treadmill was increased manually at a rate of 0.089 m/s/s (0.2 miles/hour) until the participant started running. Main findings. A significant interaction (weights × steps) was observed for the first peak of VGRF. The trough, second peak, impulse, and rate of force development of VGRF increased with added weights. During the last five walking steps, most of VGRF parameters changed in a nonlinear fashion. Conclusions. Based on the behavior of VGRF parameters and manually recorded preferred transition speed values, we argue that the added weights would reduce the walk-to-run transition speed. We further speculate that a combination of transition determinants actively participate in the reorganization process during the last five walking steps, prompting the gait transition.

3

Physical Characteristics and Somatotype of Soccer Players according to Playing Level and Position

100%

Hazir T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

|

tom 26

83-95

EN

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical characteristics of soccer players according to playing level and position. A total of 305 professional male soccer players [Turkish Super League (SL) (n = 161) and Turkish First League (FL) (n = 144)] were involved in this study. All data were gathered at the beginning of preparatory period of mid-season. Height, weight, flexed and tensed upper arm and calf girths, humerus and femur biepicondylar breadths, and four skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, supraspinale, and medial calf) were measured. Somatotypes were estimated using the Heath-Carter method. SL players were older (p≥0.002), and heavier (p≥0.007) than FL players, while height (p ≤ 0.497) was similar between SL and FL groups. There were significant differences for BW (p≥=0.000), and height (p≥0.000) between playing positions. Goalkeepers were taller (p≥0.000), and heavier (p≥0.001) than other players. Midfielders were shorter (p≥0.013) than other players, however, they were lighter than forwards (p≥0.008). The mean somatotype of the overall players was 2.4-4.8-2.3 (0.9-0.8-0.7) in SL and was 3.0-4.5-2.6 (0.9-0.9-0.8) in FL. SL players were more mesomorphic (p≥0.01), less endomorphic (p≥0.000), and less ectomorphic (p≥0.001) than FL players. Except for goalkeepers, there were significant differences in paired means between whole somatotype means of the SL and FL according to playing positions. The results of the present study demonstrate that both physical characteristics and somatotype of players were significantly different between playing levels and positions. Although the somatotype of soccer players in both levels was dominated by the mesomorph category, players at the higher playing level were more mesomorphic, and less endomorphic and ectomorphic than players at the lower level at all playing positions.

4

Body weight, condition, and carapace width and length in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) collected from the Szczecin Lagoon (NW Poland) in spring and autumn 2001

100%

Czerniejewski P. , Wawrzyniak W.

Oceanologia

|

2006

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tom No. 48 (2)

275-285

EN

A newcomer to the Baltic Sea, the Chinese mitten crab is especially abundant in the Szczecin Lagoon (NW Poland), where it was first reported in 1927. Body weight, and carapace width and length, were studied in 647 individuals collected with fyke nets in the Szczecin Lagoon from 30 March-18 April 2001 and from 5-21 November 2001. 51.01 of the 543 autumn specimens were males, but only 30.97% of the 113 spring specimens were males. Body weight varied from 45.1 to 306.5 g, carapace length from 41.07 to 81.02 mm and carapace width from 46.68 to 88.85 mm. The autumn crabs were significantly heavier than the spring specimens.

5

The dependence of body weight in copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. on variations of ambient temperature and food concentration

100%

Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L.

Oceanologia

|

2004

|

tom No. 46 (1)

45-63

EN

Quantitative expressions are presented describing the effects of temperature and food concentration on the mean body weight of copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. The calculations were made on the basis of experimental data from the literature for three geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus from Puget Sound (Washington, USA), from the southern North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Relationships were obtained between the coefficient of daily exponential growth of body weight of Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound and temperature in the 8-15.5oC range and food concentrations from 10 mgC m-3 to excess, as well as for Pseudocalanus elongatus from the southern North Sea at high food concentrations and in the 4-15oC temperature range. Also computed was the mean body weight for stages CII to CV of P. elongatus from the southern Baltic Sea at 5oC. The empirical models presented here can be used with good precision in mathematical models of pelagic communities. The results presented here indicate that Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound (a species resembling Pseudocalanus minutus) is similar to P. elongatus from the southern North Sea and the English Channel with respect to growth parameters in the studied range of temperatures for excess food. P. elongatus collected in the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk) differs from P. elongatus from the southern North Sea.

6

Relationship between the arches of feet and the Cole’s index

100%

Zdunek M. K. , Lichota M. , Górniak K.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2019

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tom 33

|

nr 2

29-35

EN

Introduction The foot plays an important role as a static-dynamic foundation of the skeleton. The process of the most intensive formation of the foot during the posturogenesis falls on the preschool age and early school age. The aim of the study was to characterize the arch of the feet in children at the age of 5 and to look for the dependence of their arching condition on the Cole’s index level. Material and methods Forty-four preschool children took part in the research. The Cole’s index showed an underweight, normal body weight, overweight and obesity. The plantography method was used to assess the arching of the feet Results Over half of the examined children had normal body weight. Underweight was more common in the boys group, while overweight and obesity in girls. Ninety percent of children had abnormal longitudinal and transverse arches in both feet. The varus of the big toe and the valgus of the small toe was observed in both groups. The position of the heel was set correctly in majority of the participants. Conclusions No relationship was found between the Cole’s index and longitudinal arches of the right and left foot in boys, as well as in girls. The results revealed that excessive body weight in girls was correlated with flattening of the transverse arch and incorrect position of the heel in the right foot. No significant correlation was found between the Cole’s index and the assessed parameters of the foot in boys.

7

Some aspects of population biology of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) in the Odra estuary, Poland

88%

Czerniejewski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.4

49-62

EN

The mud crab is the only non-indigenous xanthid encountered in the River Odra estuary. In 2007-2008, the crabs were collected, using fish traps, to determine sex and to follow variations in individual weight and carapace length and width over a year. Sex-dependent differences in the crab morphometry were studied as well. The largest catch was that obtained in September (23.48% of the total number of 264 individuals) and October (31.82%). Male crabs accounted for 56.44% of the total number; males dominated in autumn (September-December) and spring (March, May, June) catches. Males showed significantly wider carapaces (16.81 š3.98 mm; range: 5.60-22.90 mm) and mean individual weight (2.15 š0.94 g; range: 0.15-3.93 g) than females (mean carapace width of 15.05 š3.33 mm; range: 5.30-19.80 mm, and mean individual weight of 1.47 š0.60 g; range: 0.13-2.56 g). Of the 11 morphometric characters analyzed, expressed in relative values (%), related to the carapace width, males showed significantly larger claw dimensions (CHL1, CHW1, CHH1, CHL2, CHW2, CHH2) and smaller abdomen widths (AW).

8

EFFECT OF REPEATED COLD WATER SWIMMING EXERCISE ON ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT IN OLDER RATS

88%

Bryczkowska I. , Baranowska-Bosiacka I. , Lubkowska A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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tom 18

|

nr 2

77-87

EN

The aim of this study was verification whether an 8-week-long swimming exercise training would induce adaptive changes in body weight in rats and whether possible changes would depend on aquatic environment temperature and animal sex. The exercisetrained groups swam 4 minutes a day, five days a week during eight week of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 ±2°C (cold group) and 36 ±2°C (thermal neutral group). Before and after each week of the experiment, rats were weighed. When comparing the nature of changes in the body weight of rats exposed to swimming exercise training in cold water, attention should be paid to their dependence on sex. There were statistically significant changes in the nature of changes in body weight between male rats and female rats of the cold group (5°C) as early as experimental week 2 until the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the females exposed to swimming exercise training at 5°C were the only group in which an increase in body weight occurred during experimental week 8 in relation to baseline values.

9

Comparison of two nonlinear functions describing the growth of Popielno White and New Zealand White rabbits

88%

Wojnarowska A. , Palka S. , Otwinowska-Mindur A. , Ptak E.

Animal Science and Genetics

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2022

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tom 18

|

nr 4

10

A comparative analysis of two allochthonous populations of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) from the Szczecin Lagoon (NW Poland) and San Francisco Bay (US west coast)

88%

Czerniejewski P. , Wawrzyniak W. , Pasewicz W. , Bełdowska A.

Oceanologia

|

2007

|

tom No. 49 (3)

353-367

EN

Selected biological and morphometric characters of two populations of the non-indigenous Chinese mitten crab, one from the Szczecin Lagoon (SL) and the other from San Francisco Bay (SFB), both sampled in autumn, were analysed. The SL crabs showed a significantly higher individual weight, length and carapace width. Males accounted for 55% (87 individuals) of the 179 SL crabs, and 62.9% (90 individuals) of the SFB crabs. Statistical analysis of metric characters, expressed as a percentage of carapace width (X2), enabled four diagnostic characters to be identified: abdomen width (X11), carapace height (X3), left claw length (X7) and carapace length (X1). These jointly explain 71.75% of the differences between the SL and SFB crabs and are indicative of the distinctness of the populations.

11

Obesity: reversible biological adaptation or disease?

88%

Pilis K. , Pilis A. , Stec K. , Michalski C. , Zych M. , Buchta J. , Pilis W.

Physical Activity Review

|

2016

|

tom 4

18-27

EN

Introduction: Obesity is an unfavorable state of health as a result of which come in the initial adaptation, that could gradually transform into specific disease condition. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the degree of middle-aged men adaptation to obesity in terms of somatic changes, exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary fitness. Materials and Methods: The study involved 12 obese middle-aged men (OG) - BMI = 34.32 ± 4.11 kg/m2. The control group (CG) consisted of 12 non-obese middle-aged men- BMI = 23.72 ± 1.83 kg/m2,with similar body height (BH) to OG. After recording somatic and physiological data at rest, participants were subjected to the bicycle ergometer test (BT) gradually increasing intensity. During the BT aerobic power (AP) was recorded and analyzed along with parameters characterizing the efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory systems at anaerobic threshold (AT) and the maximum load (ML). Results: This study has shown that obese men have a higher body mass (BM), a higher content of fat (BF), an increased lean body mass (FFM) and a higher content of water (TBW) than CG (p <0.001). Absolute and relatively expressed in relation to the FFM respondents’ values of AP and VO2 were similar in both groups and after taking under the consideration the body weight, they were significantly lower in OG than in the CG. Furthermore, adverse effects have been observed that emerged on some cardiovascular and respiratory variables at rest in case of OG; these effects did not occur during physical exertion. Conclusions: Beyond negative changes occurring obesity in the first stage led to favorable somatic adaptation that entails an increase of FFM in OG, which gives a positive impact on the capacity of physical work of obese men and produces a beneficial effect on the resulting compensation impairment in the respiratory and circulatory systems of these subjects.

12

Changes in the body weight and slaughter value of White Kaludzka geese fed ad libitum or subjected to feed restriction

88%

Janiszewska M. , Bochno R. , Lewczuk A. , Rymkiewicz J.

Natural Sciences

|

2000

|

tom 04

13

The dependence of body weight in copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. on variations of ambient temperature and food concentration

88%

Dzierzbicka-Glowacka L.

Oceanologia

|

2004

|

tom 46

|

nr 1

EN

Quantitative expressions are presented describing the effects of temperature and food concentration on the mean body weight of copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. The calculations were made on the basis of experimental data from the literature for three geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus from Puget Sound (Washington, USA), from the southern North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Relationships were obtained between the coefficient of daily exponential growth of body weight of Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound and temperature in the 8–15.5◦C range and food concentrations from 10 mgC m−3 to excess, as well as for Pseudocalanus elongatus from the southern North Sea at high food concentrations and in the 4–15◦C temperature range. Also computed was the mean body weight for stages CII to CV of P. elongatus from the southern Baltic Sea at 5◦C. The empirical models presented here can be used with good precision in mathematical models of pelagic communities. The results presented here indicate that Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound (a species resembling Pseudocalanus minutus) is similar to P. elongatus from the southern North Sea and the English Channel with respect to growth parameters in the studied range of temperatures for excess food. P. elongatus collected in the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk) differs from P. elongatus from the southern North Sea.

14

Body weights of the Cape hare Lepus capensis in the northern China

88%

Lu X.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

|

tom 45

|

nr 2

EN

This paper analyzed body weights of the Cape hare Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758 in northern China during 1990-1993. Body weight of the hares increased faster in the first five months of life. The juveniles with the same eye lens weight weighed less in spring-summer than in autumn, in the southern region than in the northern. The overwintering females increased weight with reproduction, the older of which gained more, In autumn-winter, body weights of adult females and males in the whole study region were 2.29 ± 0.05 and 2.11 ± 0.06 kg respectively. Body weight of the overwintering hares varied seasonally. At the beginning of the breeding season female was the lightest while male the heaviest, and then female became heavier and male lighter. Regardless of age, area and season, females were usually heavier than males.

15

Measurement of Motor Fitness of Students Using the Rowing Ergometer

75%

Choszcz D. , Podstawski R. , Wysocka-Welanc M.

Human Movement

|

2009

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

46-52

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model to determine correlations between selected somatic traits and indoor rowing test results over a distance of 500 m as well as differences in the level of motor fitness of students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Material and methods. The research was carried out on a group of 274 full-time UWM students with the aid of Concept II Indoor Rower. The analysis concerned the effects of students' body weight and body height, year of study and the time required to cover the distance of 500 m during an indoor rowing test. Analysis of variance and regression analysis with stepwise elimination of the polynomial degree and form were used. Results. Only 15 subjects (5.5% of the sample) achieved the highest level of motor fitness, i.e. covered the distance under 92.7 s. A mathematical model describing the effects of decisive variables on the dependent variable was a model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree. The exogenous variables were subjects' body height and body weight. Conclusions. The proposed mathematical model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree can be useful for selection of individuals with predispositions to practice rowing at the academic and recreational levels. The proposed method of mathematical model development should be regarded as an algorithm for other, more versatile models involving additional variables.

16

Influence of selected factors on maternal nursing performance of Aberdeen Angus calves

75%

Pilarczyk R. , Wojcik J. , Binerowska B. , Kryskow P. , Czerniak P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica

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2011

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

EN

We observed 75 Aberdeen Angus calves born in the years 2004–2007 and managed on pastures and wild areas of Karsibór, an island located in the northern part of the Szczecin Lagoon. An analysis was carried out on the results of maternal nursing of the calves in relation to subsequent calving, sex of the calf, and year of rearing.Asignificant (P≤0.01, P≤0.05) effect of subsequent calving on body weight of the calves being born was observed. The calves from the first calvings had significantly lower body weight at birth as compared to those born from the subsequent calving. On the other hand, there were no significant effects of the subsequent calving on body weight and daily weight gain of calves after weaning, even though the calves from the first calving were characterized by poorer performance in this respect. Significant differences between the data on calf nursing performance recorded in each individual year of the study result from the fact that the animals grazed on poorer quality pastures and unused land.

PL

Badaniami objęto 75 cieląt rasy aberdeen angus urodzonych w latach 2004–2007 i wypasanych na pastwiskach i nieużytkach znajdujących się na wyspie Karsibór, leżącej w północnej części Zalewu Szczecińskiego. Przeprowadzono analizę wyników odchowu cieląt przy matkach w zależności od kolejnego wycielenia krów, płci cieląt i roku ich odchowu. Stwierdzono istotny (P≤0,01; P≤0,05) wpływ kolejnego wycielenia krów na masę ciała rodzących się cieląt. Cielęta pochodzące z pierwszego wycielenia krów charakteryzowały się istotnie mniejszą masą ciała po urodzeniu od cieląt pochodzących z dalszych wycieleń. Nie stwierdzono natomiast istotnego wpływu kolejnego wycielenia krów na masę ciała po odsadzeniu i przyrosty dobowe masy ciała cieląt, mimo że cielęta pochodzące z pierwszego wycielenia charakteryzowały się gorszymi wynikami. Istotne zróżnicowanie wyników odchowu cieląt w poszczególnych latach było spowodowane wypasem stada na gorszej jakości pastwiskach i nieużytkach.

17

Treatment and prevention of disease with dietary fatty acids

75%

Richter W. O.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

|

tom 61

|

nr Suppl.1

18

Patterns of normality for the right ventricular volumetric capacity in human fetal hearts from 100-500 grams of body weight

75%

Guisado L. A. , Moreno J. A. C. , Jimenez A. A. , Barbero J. E. F. , Arroyo C. R.

Folia Morphologica

|

1987

|

tom 46

|

nr 3-4

19

THE ASSOCIATIONS OF SELECTED LIFESTYLE PATTERNS AND LUNG CANCER RISK: AN EVIDENCE-BASED UPDATE

75%

Kruk J. , Aboul-Enein B. H.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2016

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

37 - 53

EN

Diagnosis of lung cancer (LC) has been fraught with difficulty and by the time of definitive diagnosis, most patients are in later stages of the disease. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that lifestyle behaviors play an etiological role in LC risk; however data in the literature on this topic often appears inconclusive or require further study. Understanding of the mechanisms operating between lifestyle patterns and their impact on LC is important for the disease’s prevention and treatment. The purpose of this study was to review the current evidence on the role of diet, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sex hormone use in LC development based on meta-analyses, systematic reviews and previously published epidemiologic studies. Regarded as the foremost cause of LC, evidence from studies have indicated that tobacco smoking causes LC. Additionally, exposure to outdoor air pollution and/or occupational-related exposures increase LC risk. Further, frequent consumption of red meat, processed meat increases adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Inverse associations between the disease risk and BMI ≥25 kg/m2, higher level of physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption with a high frequency were reported. Future studies are warranted to validate the association between histologic subtypes of LC and lifestyle patterns.

20

Impact of the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation on BMI in patients after cardiac incidents

75%

Mroczkowski B. , Kurzaj M. , Jacyno K. , Rozek-Piechura K.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2019

|

tom 13

|

nr 3

EN

Background. Cardiovascular disease is currently one of the leading causes of death in the world, and a major contributing factor is the increasing incidence of excessive body mass. On the other hand, reduction of body mass in patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction significantly reduces the risk of a second episode of cardiovascular disease. This in turn increases lifespan, improves quality of life, and reduces the number of premature deaths. Material and methods. The study included 41 people (14 women with an average age of 62.5 years and 27 men with an average age of 61.2 years) who experienced a cardiac incident between January 2015 and February 2016 and who were qualified for the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation conducted in accordance with applicable standards. Results. BMI did not correlate with the results of exercise tests. The training improved the fitness and endurance of the subjects and allowed reduction of body mass. Conclusions. After 8 weeks of the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation, there were significant changes in the BMI in patients undergoing the study. Exercise tolerance and physical capacity in all the groups was improved.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Choroba sercowo-naczyniowa jest obecnie jedną z głównych przyczyn zgonów na świecie. Narastającym problemem jest zbyt duża masa ciała, która jest jednym z głównych czynników powodujących stany sercowo-naczyniowe. U pacjentów po zawale mięśnia sercowego zmniejszenie BMI znacznie redukuje ryzyko drugiego zaostrzenia choroby sercowo-naczyniowej, co zwiększa długość i komfort życia oraz zmniejsza liczbę zgonów. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 41 osób - 14 kobiet (62,5 roku) i 27 mężczyzn (61,2 lat), u których doszło do incydentu kardiologicznego między styczniem 2015 r. a lutym 2016 r., i które zakwalifikowano do drugiego etapu rehabilitacji kardiologicznej prowadzonego zgodnie z obowiązującymi standardami. Wyniki. BMI nie koreluje istotnie z wynikami badań wysiłkowych. Ukończony trening poprawił kondycję i wytrzymałość uczestników oraz pozwolił zmniejszyć masę ciała. Wnioski. Po 8 tygodniach drugiego etapu rehabilitacji kardiologicznej wystąpiły istotne zmiany w BMI u pacjentów poddanych badaniu. Poprawiono tolerancję wysiłkową i wydolność fizyczną we wszystkich badanych grupach.