Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

New etymologies in Thomas O. Lambdin’s An Introduction to the Gothic Language

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Liberman A.

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nr 4

185-190

EN

In 2006 Thomas O. Lambdin brought out An Introduction to the Gothic Language. Every lesson is followed by vocabulary notes that include etymologies. Most of them were borrowed from well-known dictionaries, but a few are new. The paper contains comments on those etymologies.

2

Dawne słowniczki gwarowe jako źródło do historii języka

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Nowowiejski B.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 1

169-184

PL

Monolingual dictionaries of Polish as well as the old translation dictionaries which until the 19th century also fulfilled the function (in compliance with the intention of their authors) of general Polish dictionaries are traditionally regarded as fundamental sources of the history of the Polish language, especially its development and lexical resources. The collections of folk vocabulary which-more or less professionally-were narrowly used in the papers concerning the past periods of the Polish language aroused poor interest on the part of the historians of language. The article contends that small dialectal dictionaries should be treated equally with other sources of the history of the Polish language, especially lexicographical ones, for they provide a very interesting material for analysis and interpretation, not only linguistic.

3

Слоўнік язэпа драздовіча і польскамоўная лексікаграфічная традыцыя пачатку хх стагоддзя

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Галуза [Haluza] І. I.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2013

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tom 37

EN

Jazep Drazdovich’s dictionary and Polish lexicographical tradition of the early 20th centuryThe article provides a comparative analysis of the theoretical and methodological Belorussian and Polish dictionaries of the early 20th century. We attempt to show the similarities between the assumptions of Polish and Belorussian lexicographers, identify the differences and demonstrate specific approaches taken by the lexicographers.We analyze how lexical features are described in Jazep Drazdovich’s dictionary, and compare it with Jan Karłowicz’s dictionary of Polish. The reason behind the creation of the dictionary of Belorussian in the early 20th century was the need to have a standard national lexicon and to provide a range of specialist scientific vocabulary. Compared with Jan Karłowicz’s dictionary, Drazdovich’s dictionary lacks functional remarks, as well as territorial restrictions of usage, derivational and etymological commentaries, and indicators of style (scientific, specialist, etc.).The exemplifications in Drazdovich’s dictionary were heteregeneous in comparison to Karłowicz’s dictionary – they were faithful either to the original source, or the pronunciation of the word.Drazdovich also included many features absent in other dictionaries: Latin names for plants and animals and illustrations for lexical entries. What is more, he introduced interjections and onomatopoeic words into the dictionary and sought to create scientific vocabulary, based on existing derivational instruments of Belorussian. Словарь Язэпа Дроздовича и польскоязычная лексикографическая традиция начала XX векаСтатья посвящена сопоставительному анализу теоретико-методологических основ составления полного словаря белорусского языка и польских словарей начала ХХ века. Сделана попытка показать сходство в принципах составления словарей белорусскими и польскими исследователями, установить различия, которые имели место между ними, продемонстрировать особые подходы, выбранные при создании словаря белорусского языка и воплощённые в польских лексикографических справочниках. В статье главным образом анализируются особенности подачи архивных словарных материалов, подготовленных Язэпом Дроздовичем, посредством сравнения их с реестровым составом “Словаря польского языка” Яна Карловича. Составление словаря белорусского языка было обусловлено практической необходимостью иметь национальный нормативный лексикон, сформировать корпус лексических средств научного стиля. В реестр задуманного словаря предполагалось включить слова без сопроводительных функциональных и других помет – без территориальных ограничений в употреблении, без словообразовательных и этимологических комментариев, без дифференциации и систематизации специальной лексики, – в отличие от словаря Яна Карловича. Иллюстративное обеспечение словарных статей белорусского словаря было неоднородным, в отличие от унифицированного правописного способа подачи примеров, принятого Я. Карловичем. Оно либо соответствовало характеру произношения, либо сохраняло принцип тождественности оригиналу источника. По сравнению с лексикографическим опытом коллег, Я. Дроздович для наименований по ботанике и зоологии использовал латинские аналоги, добавлял изображения ко многим бытовым и узкорегиoнальным словам, упорядочил и ввёл в состав лексических словарных средств междометия и звукоподражания, стремился создавать средства обозначения для научного стиля на основе существующих словообразовательных средств народного языка и типичных для него словообразовательных моделей.

4

Wulgaryzmy jako problem dla leksykografa (nie tylko w związku z pracami nad Wielkim słownikiem języka polskiego PAN)

100%

Żmigrodzki P.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

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2012

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nr 4

123-131

EN

In the first part of the paper the author shows some controversies over the describing of vulgar lexemes in dictionaries; the second part is devoted to discussion of some rules of the description of vulgarisms in “PAN Great Polish Dictionary” (Wielki słownik języka polskiego PAN), which is now in preparation. The discussion is illustrated with an example of sample entry gówno ‘shit’.

5

Patriotism in Poland – Selected Conceptualizations of the Notion

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Olejniczak E.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2019

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nr 7

5-16

EN

In 2018 we celebrated the hundredth anniversary of Poland regaining independence, which is why it seems important to consider the most recent meanings of the notion of patriotism. This paper is an attempt to confront dictionary definitions of “patriotism” lexeme with the resources of the National Corpus of the Polish Language PWN, examples of modern literary texts, press and Internet discourse, as well as recorded conversations and ephemeral prints included therein. The notions of patriotism and patriots are currently used not only for political, religious and cultural as well as nationalistic purposes, but also for those humorous and hard-hitting ones. The theoretical framework of this article is determined by selected aspects of the linguistic tradition of valuation, based on the points where linguistics and axiology intersect. The linguistic analysis allows the observation of the most recent contexts of patriotism and the changes taking place in discourse.

6

Fremdwortbezogene Wörterbücher des Deutschen

100%

Lipczuk R.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2013

|

tom 2

53-65

EN

In 1884 the leading purist of that time, Hermann Dunger, complained about the “foreign evil words” in German language. As Dunger noted, this could be recognised throughout many loan word dictionaries: “I have brought together no less than 91 names of authors, and a compilation of German loan word dictionaries created until now, whose authors remain, to a large extent, anonymous (Dunger 1884: 6). The following article seeks to distinguish three types of dictionaries with loan words as entries. These include 1) glossaries of loan words, where entries (words of foreign origin) are described. This particular type of dictionaries contains grammatical and etymological information, as well as an explanation of meaning of an entry or, occasionally, phonetic information (i.e. Köhler, Liebknecht and Weber); 2) Germanising dictionaries, which are of purist character and do not contain descriptions of entries, while their aim is to propose interchangeable expressions (or words) which could substitute the borrowed expressions (i.e. Campe, Dunger, Sarrazin and Engel); 3) descriptive-Germanising dictionaries that not only contain descriptions of entries, but also propose word equivalents (i.e. Heyse, Petri and Saalfeld)—some of them were reissued several times. Between 1800 and 1945 a large number of German dictionaries containing loan words as entries was created. A large proportion of these dictionaries sought to eliminate loan words. The period after 1945 seems to reveal a dominant role of descriptive lexicographic works, as well as Germanising dictionaries. Moreover, Germanising dictionaries containing solely loan words of English origin were also created.

7

Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskich

88%

Gotówka A.

Adeptus

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2014

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nr 3

EN

The linguistic and cultural child image in Gorale dialectsThe child image has not been examined in detail by dialectologists to date. However, researchers of standard Polish language and popular culture are interested in this subject. The paper analyses the reconstruction of the linguistic child image in many Gorale dialects (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Slask Cieszynski, Zywiecczyzna, Bukowina). Examples have been taken from regional and dialect dictionaries from the years 1900 - 2011, from proverbs and various mass media texts.Vocabulary which conceptualizes the child image in Gorale dialects is rich and interesting not only from a formal and stylistic point of view, but also, and it is worth mentioning, its origins and geography which are very diverse.This vocabulary reflects the people's relationships and traditions. It reveals the emotions and hierarchy of values, which are typical not only for Gorale but also reflect Polish people's attitude towards the family. Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskichObraz dziecka jest jak dotąd dość słabo spenetrowanym przez dialektologów obszarem badawczym, wzbudza natomiast zainteresowanie badaczy polszczyzny standardowej (ogólnej) i kultury popularnej. W artykule przeprowadzam rekonstrukcję językowego obrazu dziecka w szeroko rozumianych gwarach góralskich (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Śląsk Cieszyński, Żywiecczyzna, Bukowina) na podstawie materiału wyekscerpowanego ze słowników gwarowych i regionalnych, opublikowanych w latach 1900 – 2011, paremii i wybranych tekstów medialnych.Słownictwo służące konceptualizacji dziecka w gwarach góralskich jest bogate i ciekawe nie tylko pod względem formalnym i stylistycznym, ale też, co trzeba podkreślić, zróżnicowane pod względem pochodzenia i geografii. W leksyce nazywającej dziecko w gwarach góralskich odzwierciedla się bogata sieć relacji międzyludzkich, tradycji, ujawniają się emocje i hierarchia wartości, które możemy odnieść nie tylko do mentalności górali, ale w ogóle do postrzegania rodziny przez Polaków.

8

Semantic Change in Old English 'Music' Nouns: A Corpus Study

88%

Bęcławski M.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2013

|

nr 22/2

59-71

XX

This paper presents the main Old English ‘music’ nouns used before the Norman Conquest. By ‘‘main” music nouns is meant those which bear the core sense of music as an acoustic activity produced by and for people, including basic theoretical facets pertaining to music. As a result, many terms bearing peripheral, partitive, qualitative, or otherwise specific reading(s) like ‘harmony’, ’sound’, ‘psalm singing’, etc., are excluded from the present study (cf. Simpson – Weiner 1991: 126–127). Culturally, the paper tackles both secular and ecclesiastic types of music with regard to their artistic and/or entertaining values. The short introduction dealing with the cultural aspect of the problem will facilitate a linguistic examination of the terms in question.

9

Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskich

88%

Gotówka A.

Adeptus

|

2014

|

nr 3

81-95

EN

The child image has not been examined in detail by dialectologists to date. However, researchers of standard Polish language and popular culture are interested in this subject. The paper analyses the reconstruction of the linguistic child image in many Gorale dialects (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Slask Cieszynski, Zywiecczyzna, Bukowina). Examples have been taken from regional and dialect dictionaries from the years 1900 - 2011, from proverbs and various mass media texts. Vocabulary which conceptualizes the child image in Gorale dialects is rich and interesting not only from a formal and stylistic point of view, but also, and it is worth mentioning, its origins and geography which are very diverse. This vocabulary reflects the people's relationships and traditions. It reveals the emotions and hierarchy of values, which are typical not only for Gorale but also reflect Polish people's attitude towards the family.

PL

Obraz dziecka jest jak dotąd dość słabo spenetrowanym przez dialektologów obszarem badawczym, wzbudza natomiast zainteresowanie badaczy polszczyzny standardowej (ogólnej) i kultury popularnej. W artykule przeprowadzam rekonstrukcję językowego obrazu dziecka w szeroko rozumianych gwarach góralskich (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Śląsk Cieszyński, Żywiecczyzna, Bukowina) na podstawie materiału wyekscerpowanego ze słowników gwarowych i regionalnych, opublikowanych w latach 1900 – 2011, paremii i wybranych tekstów medialnych. Słownictwo służące konceptualizacji dziecka w gwarach góralskich jest bogate i ciekawe nie tylko pod względem formalnym i stylistycznym, ale też, co trzeba podkreślić, zróżnicowane pod względem pochodzenia i geografii. W leksyce nazywającej dziecko w gwarach góralskich odzwierciedla się bogata sieć relacji międzyludzkich, tradycji, ujawniają się emocje i hierarchia wartości, które możemy odnieść nie tylko do mentalności górali, ale w ogóle do postrzegania rodziny przez Polaków.

10

České raněnovověké organologické názvosloví (hudební nástroje ve veleslavínských slovnících)

88%

Nejedlý P.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2018

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tom 141

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nr 1-2

131-157

EN

The article characterizes the Czech humanistic organological terms included in dictionaries edited by the publisher, writer, and translator Daniel Adam of Veleslavín (and in one case in the dictionary by Petr Lodereker). The author concentrates on the names of musical instruments and musicians. The names are analysed in comparison with the names mentioned in the inventory of musical instruments in the possession of the Lords of Rožmberk. A number of designations, mainly the dictionary ones, are known from previous periods: some of them belong to the general Czech or Slavonic lexicon, but most of them are of international (Greek-Latin, German, Italian) origin. As far as the semantic aspect is concerned, the dictionaries do not generally reflect the actual situation in the period music, but rather reproduce the lexicographical tradition, that often has Mediaeval roots. The Rožmberk inventory, in contrast, provides an accurate image of the period music and also presents the upcoming designations of the newly introduced instruments.

11

Koncepcja opisu konotacji nazw własnych w Słowniku metafor i konotacji nazw własnych

88%

Rutkowski M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2012

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

141-148

PL

The article discusses issues related to the rules for a description and explanation of connotations of proper names in Słownik metafor i konotacji nazw własnych [Dictionary of Proper Names and their Metaphors and Connotations] due to be published soon. The discussion covers a range of detailed problem issues that, in view of the fact that no lexicographical patterns are available, have to be resolved arbitrarily − in particular with reference to the shape or form of definitions in the dictionary.

12

La polysemie dans les dictionnaires et dans la traduction

75%

Śmigielska B.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2011

|

tom 32

191-202

EN

The polysemic nature of words in natural languages causes a lot of problems in the process of translating texts, especially in automatic translation. The first part of the following paper is devoted to a brief analysis of the above mentioned phenomenon. The analysis is based on different kinds of chosen monolingual dictionaries. Next, the author shows the way in which automatic translator, placed on Google website, translates simple sentences including polysemic words from French into Polish. In the subsequent section of the paper the most important principles of the description of words based on the object oriented approach proposed by W. Banyś are briefly presented. The object oriented approach makes it possible to eliminate the mistakes whose coming into being results from the polysemic nature of words and which are done by a machine in the process of translating texts. The author has chosen several polysemic words which are then described with the use of object oriented approach.

13

Grüazi/Pfiat di/Hallöchen – ein paar Anmerkungen zur Einbindung von Sprachvarietäten in den DaF-Unterricht

75%

Utri R.

Glottodidactica

|

2014

|

tom 41

|

nr 2

59-73

DE

In the development of languages (including varieties) nationalities or countries play an important role. That is how pluricentric languages have developed. In the field of German as a pluricentric language many articles have already been published in scientific magazines. In spite of that the pluricentricity of languages is hardly acknowledged – the effects can be seen in dictionaries, in programs of teaching at universities (literature, linguistics as well as translation studies), but above all in text books for students, where elements of pluricentricity are usually absent. That is why some desiderata for the future teaching German as a Foreign Language ought to be expressed.

14

Frazeologizm czarna dziura / черная дыра w słownikach oraz tekstach współczesnego języka polskiego i rosyjskiego

75%

Miturska-Bojanowska J.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2019

|

tom Tom 2 Nr XXIV

103-114

EN

In the second half of the last century the English term black hole was borrowed into Polish and Russian. Soon, secondary meanings began to appear predominantly in journalistic texts. They have been partially recorded in linguistic dictionaries. The aim of this paper is to show the secondary meanings of the phrase czarna dziura / чернаядыра listed in dictionaries as well as those present only in Polish and Russian texts.

15

Суржик: лексичний аспект (на матеріалі телепередачі "Ключовий момент", лексикографічних джерел XIX-XXI ст. і резултатів анкетування)

75%

Dubichynskyi V. , Reuther T. , Doleschal U.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2016

|

nr 13

335-363

EN

This article offers an analysis of the lexical material of a video clip taken from the program "Klyuchevyi moment" of the Ukrainian TV channel "Inter" aired 16.07.2008). It examines the speech of the heroine Natalia, a middle-aged women from the village Kuryn' in Bakhmach district, Chernihiv region. The article is focused on the analysis of lexical units that we think of as Russian words or dialect/colloquial elements. On the basis of 8 lexicographical sources coming from the period between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, we have come to the conclusion that one can distinguish of the phenomenon of Surzhyk nad the determination, for the better understanding of the phenomenon of Surzhyk and the determination of the characteristics of the video clip, a linguistic inquiry of residents of Kherson. Kharkiv and Chernivtsi was conducted.

16

Z dziejów wokabuł literowych w leksykografii polsko-rosyjskiej (na materiale ilustracyjnym XIX-wiecznego słownika Piotra Dubrowskiego)

75%

Marszałek M.

Prace Językoznawcze

|

2021

|

tom XXIII/3

197–213

PL

Autor zajął się słabo opracowanym zagadnieniem obecności w słownikach dwujęzycznych artykułów hasłowych z literą w nagłówku. Przedstawił skromny stan badań, wskazał – głównie na podstawie prac J. Wawrzyńczyka – potencjał przekładowy tkwiący w hasłach grafemowych, dokonał przeglądu słowników polsko-rosyjskich i rosyjsko-polskich pod kątem rejestrowania haseł literowych oraz pod kątem zawartości takich haseł. Autor podał też w wielkim skrócie wyniki analizy zawartości wokabuł grafemowych, dokonanej wcześniej na podstawie części rosyjsko-polskiej XIX-wiecznego słownika P. Dubrowskiego, po czym przeszedł do krytycznego oglądu analogicznych haseł w części polsko-rosyjskiej. Wykazał, że tak jak w komponencie rosyjsko-polskim hasła literowe są segmentami szkicu graficzno-fonetycznego, rozrzuconymi po całym korpusie słownika. Leksykograf XIX-wieczny nie potraktował grafemów jako jednostek przekładowych, nie wykorzystał odnośnych artykułów nawet jako miejsca prezentacji frazeologii, którą pewne litery obrosły.

EN

The author addresses a poorly studied issue of single-letter headword entries in bilingual dictionaries. He presents a modest state of research, pointing out the translation potential of graphemic headwords, mainly on the basis of J. Wawrzyńczyk’s work. He also reviews Polish-Russian and Russian-Polish dictionaries in terms of them registering single letter headwords and the content of such headwords. Moreover, the author quotes results of analysis of graphemic vocabulary, which was previously carried out on the basis of the Russian-Polish part of P. Dubrovsky’s 19th-century dictionary, and then proceeds to provide a critical review of similar entries in the Polish-Russian part. It is shown that like in the Russian-Polish component, one-letter headwords are segments of a graphical and phonetic sketch, scattered throughout the body of the dictionary. The 19th-century lexicographer did not treat the graphemes as translation units, he did not use the relevant entries even as a place to present phraseology which related to some letters.

17

Dictionary-using skills of translation students

75%

Kodura M.

Społeczeństwo. Edukacja. Język

|

2016

|

tom 4

235 - 242

PL

W pracy opisano wyniki badania przeprowadzonego wśród studentów Filologii Angielskiej Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie na temat słowników i innych narzędzi wykorzystywanych podczas tłumaczeń pisemnych. Badanie potwierdziło powszechną tendencję odchodzenia od tradycyjnych słowników na rzecz narzędzi internetowych. Rezultaty ankiety nasuwają wniosek o konieczności realizowania ze studentami specjalizacji tłumaczeniowej zajęć z zakresu oceny przydatności i wiarygodności takich źródeł

EN

The paper presents the survey conducted among the students of English Philology at the Pedagogical University of Cracow concerning dictionaries and other resources used by them in translation assignments. The results confirm a general trend observed in practice, i.e. departure from traditional dictionaries. Considering the fact that online resources often offer highly reduced content, it is postulated that a translation course should include activities focusing on evaluation of such AIDS

18

Historycy nauki w tomach XXXVII i XXXVIII Polskiego Słownika Biograficznego

75%

Śródka A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

|

1999

|

tom R. 44, nr 3/4

43--52

PL

13 października b.r. odbyło się w Krakowie posiedzenie Rady Naukowej Polskiego Słownika Biograficznego, poświęcone sprawom aktualnym Redakcji i wzbogacone referatami naukowymi, omawiającymi wybrane zagadnienia tomów XXXVII i XXXVIII Słownika. Prelegentami byli prof. w Instytucie Historycznym Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego - dr hab. Zofia Zielińska i dyr. Instytutu Historii Nauki PAN - prof, dr hab. med. Andrzej Środka. Prof. Zielińska poświęciła swoje wystąpienie postaciom XVIII wieku, omawianym w obu tomach, a prof. Śródka - historykom nauki; referat prof. Zielińskiej był bardziej krytyczny, prof. Śródki - bardziej opisowy. Po obu referatach odbyła się przeszło dwugodzinna interesująca dyskusja. Poniżej - referat prof. A. Śródki in extenso.

EN

The article was first presented as a paper delivered the meeting of the Research Board of the Polski Słownik Biograficzny [Polish Biographical Dictionary] in October 1999. The aim of the paper was to analyze the contents of the two last volumes (volume 37 and 38) of the dictionary with regard to the profiles of the historians of science presented in them. Among 802 persons whose biograms appear in the two volumes, 132 (i.e. 16.5 percent) relate to scientists and scholars; of those only 17 persons (i.e. 13.5 per cent) concerned themselves with the history of science; in that number, historians of the medical sciences predominate. The author suggests that this situation is due, on the one hand, to the fact that history of science is not offered as a university specialization, and, on the other, to the lack of interest among history students in the problems of the history of science. The author also points out the need for specialists in particular fields, rather than only qualified historians, to engage in research on the history of science and learning.

19

Přehled českých bádání o dějinách ruské literatury po roce 1945 (syntézy a lexikony)

75%

Šaur J.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

|

2017

|

tom 103

|

nr 3

643-670

EN

The article offers an annotated historiographical overview of literary-historical syntheses and lexicons dedicated to Russian literature that Czech scholars in the field of Russian studies after 1945. Russian literature often served as a space in which to discuss social and political problems, which is also illustrated by Masaryk’s voluminous synthesis Russia and Europe. Literary-historical syntheses and lexicons thus also serve those who are interested in Russian history and cultural history. Whereas historical Russian studies has various historiographical perspectives at its disposal, for literary-historical Russian studies the gap has now been filled by this article. Among the paramount works created in this field belong the histories of Russian literature of the 19th century (Parolek – Honzík, 1977) and 20th century (Hrala, 2007), On the other hand, Czech scholarly libraries are missing an erudite academic history of Russian literature from the oldest period to the present.

20

A comparation of image coding with matching pursuit and high resolution pursuit techniques

75%

Montufar-Chaveznava R. , Garcia-Ugalde F. , Psenicka B.

Image Processing & Communications

|

2000

|

tom Vol. 6, no 1-2

57-64

EN

Actually, pursuit techniques have become very popular ; in consequence, they have been very used in many signal and image processing works. Matching Pursuit and High Resolution Pursuit are the most representative pursuit techniques. In this work we introduce some image coding models based on these techniques. These models employ an overcomplete dictionary, which has been determined according to a previous knowledge and some performed tests. From such dictionary, the elements corresponding to the most important image structures are selected. The pursuit techniques, by a similarity measure, perform such selection. Coefficients of selected elements are quantized just when they are chosen in order to minimize error propagation along the process. The set of selected coefficients corresponds to an optimal image decomposition, or a new representation with a reduced quantity of elements. A simple reconstruction algorithm recovers the original image with a high visual quality.