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EN
Purpose: To establish the relation between the reasons one registers to a primary care physician and a patient's expectations of and satisfaction from the medical services provided. Material and methods: A total of 422 patients from public and non-public health care centres participated in the research. The research was carried out in 20 institutions of public and non-public centres for primary care in the Swiętokrzyskie Voivodeship. A Patient Request Form was used as the research tool. The Polish version of the Patient Request Form (PRF) is composed of 18 statements concerning different reasons for the present contacting of a general practitioner. Comparative analysis of interval or ratio scale type variables was performed using variance analysis, which in the case of significance of the main effects or interactions was supplemented by post-hoc analysisResults: After a repeated measures analysis of variance was done, a significant variation was found in terms of the type of institution: a public and non-public health care centre (p=0.01955). The effect of the type of expectation also proved significant (p=0.00000). A significant interaction was also found between the type of institution and the kind of PRF (Patient Request Form) (p=0.00985). A significant effect (p=0.00805) was obtained using single-classification analysis of variance upon analysing the assessment of the treatment conditions at a primary care clinic (JUM2) in terms of the type of institution.Conclusions. Patients participating in the study indicated expectations related with an explanation of the illness and obtaining information about test results and further treatment as the reasons for the present registration to a primary care physician. As regards assessment of the treatment conditions (JUM2) at primary care clinics in view of the type of institution and area of services, the patients participating in the study assessed non-public health care centres more highly.
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Introduction. Exercises have been shown to relieve symptoms in non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) patients. Aim. This study compared the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and core stabilization exercises (CSE) on pain-related disability, psychological status and sleep disturbance in patients with NSCLBP. Material and methods. This randomized controlled trial involved a total of thirty-seven (37) participants. They were randomly allotted into three groups [CBT (11), CSE (14) and control (12)]. The intervention was done once per week for duration of 60 minutes for the CBT group, 30 minutes for CSE group and 10 minutes for the control group twice per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Assessment of outcome was done at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 25 at alpha level of less than 0.05. Results. The results of this study showed that there was significant improvement in the level of pain-related disability (p= 0.001), level of anxiety (p =0.001), depression (p = 0.01, p = 0.001, p =0.001) and sleep disturbance (p = 0.001) in all the groups (CBT, CSE, control) post treatment. Conclusion. CBT and CSE are both effective in the treatment of pain-related disability, sleep disturbance, and psychological status of NSCLBP patients.
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IntroductionPatient’s confidence is very important in patient – doctor communication. It is very vital when we talk about efficient medical care because it can improve this care significently. It is particularly important for people who can not contact with it easily. Thanks to watching relations between patient and doctor we can get to know the way the patient judges references of the doctor during his professional activities.The aim of the thesisThe aim of these studies was to estimate the level of patient’s confidence after the last medical appointment. The studies were made with the help of Anderson and Dedrick scale. ResultsPatients were satisfied after the appointment when during the examination they could see a telephone and a computer on the desk, medical equipment and other medical things. The doctor was closer than 61 cm from them and patients could not see any physical barriers. During the examination the position of the doctor was open, he used gestures and he was sitting face to face to the patient (angle 180° or 90°). His eyes were at the same level as patient’s eyes. ConclusionsThe ability of proper communication with the patient is a very important element of medical care. However, it is often underestimated. But efficiency of therapy and efficiency of diagnostics depend on these factors.
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Introduction. Since January 1, 2012 a patient who suffered so-called medical damage has the right to choose between two alternative routes to compensate for medical damages, i.e. legal or extrajudicial. Aim. To present the consequences of the out-of-court compensation for medical damages for patients on the basis of existing legal acts and the literature. Materials and methods. The analysis of legal acts and literature regarding extrajudicial compensation. Conclusions. The provisions regulating the out-of-court medical compensation for patients are inconsistent and unclear. As a result of the application of the regulations in force by Provincial Commission for Adjudication of Medical Events, there are difficulties for the injured patients to receive compensation or redress. The analysis of legal acts and literature shows that only court proceedings are the most effective way to assert their rights for patients who have suffered so-called medical damage.
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Content available remote Programmable patients: simulation of consultation skills in a virtual environment
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The School of Pharmacy has developed 3D characters in a virtual environment to simulate interaction between the learner and a virtual patient. Interaction with the patient is possible through the use of multiple choice questions or ‘natural’ free text questions. Each patient can be programmed with different scenarios and medical history from a Windows-based interface to ‘program’ a patient without the need for programming skills. Free text input allows Virtual Patients to ‘grow’ in intelligence. The patient’s knowledgebase is located on the internet, which provides the ability for virtual patients to respond to new questions. 3D animation and audio for new responses are also updateable across this medium. At the centre of each virtual patient case is a ‘decision tree’ providing clinical experience and published evidence basis for a case. It also provides a mechanism to assess the learner consistently against learning outcomes. The virtual patient gives an animated audio response to the learner at the conclusion of a virtual consultation. This demonstration offers the opportunity to explore our virtual patient technology, the description of a patient case and its decision tree. It will also draw on the pedagogical background and experience of using this system for our undergraduate MPharm.
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The article is dedicated to one of the methods of animal-assisted therapy, which is dolphin therapy based on observation of individual sessions with patients during a stay at the “Oskar” dolphinarium in Truskawiec in Ukraine. The author characterizes the method of therapy with dolphins. In addition, describes the role and features of a dolphin, draws attention to the indications and contraindications to therapy with a dolphin. Presents the results of the dolphin therapy studies conducted so far. Discusses the stages of dolphin therapy, its role and effects in selected specific patient diseases.
EN
The aim of this article is to show the influence of witches, demons, ghosts, and gods on human health in Ancient Mesopotamia. Mesopotamian medicine was based on magic and considered illness to be the work of a supernatural power. Ashu and ashipu – doctors of body and soul – worked together to diagnose and help the patient. Sometimes prayers and magical rituals were necessary for a patient to get well; often, only a herbal mixture was needed. Mesopotamian magical and medical texts describe many kinds of diseases: somatic, mental, and others. Among these are: fever, headaches, leprosy, epilepsy, blindness, impotency, paralysis. This article is an effort to analyse Mesopotamian prescriptions, incantations, and medical interventions and to answer questions about the health of ancient mankind.
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On January 1, 2012, an amendment to the act on Patient Rights and the Ombudsman for Patient Rights was passed. The amendment introduced the concept of a medical event, defining legal bases for voivodeship commissions to adjudicate on medical events and setting regulations for establishing compensation and atonement in such cases. The commissions do not adjudicate on hospital staff’s fault in a medical event. The provisions of the act on Patient Rights and the Ombudsman for Patient Rights determined a fee for an application concerning adjudication for a medical event; however, the provisions do not allow for exemptions from this fee. The provisions are imprecise and obscure. Despite the commissions’ obligation to issue a statement on a medical event or its absence within 4 months from the moment of application, the provisions hamper the chances of obtaining financial compensation for damage suffered as a result of medical events.
EN
Introduction: Sending and receiving non-verbal messages between the doctor and the patient is very important and it has an influence for the quality of health care. The aim of present studies was to determine the influence of some non-verbal communication factors including modern technology using by doctors for patient’s satisfaction after the examination. Materials and methods: We have asked 597 patients. We have used NDEPT Standard Scale - (Nonverbal Communication in doctor – elderly patient transactions: Development of a tool). The authors of the scale let us use it in Poland. Results: Patients were satisfied with the examination in following situations: during the examination they could see the telephone, computer, medical items and other equipment; the distance between the doctor and the patient was less than 61 cm and there were no physical obstacles; during the examination the doctor was face to face to the patient (angle 180 or 90) and he was using gestures; the eyes of the doctor were in the same line as the eyes of the patient. Conclusions: The skill of the right communication is an important factor in medicine, but it is often underestimated. But we must know that apart from knowledge the efficiency of therapy and the efficiency of diagnostics depend on the right relation between doctors and patients. Skills which are necessary to the right interaction between the doctor and the patient are usually nonverbal.
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Introduction: The role of quality in achieving, improving, maintaining repeatable processes, service level guarantee patient satisfaction, determinants of hospitals.Objective:Identification of the mechanisms consistent quality in the provision of services in the public hospitals.Materials and methods:The study was conducted on a random sample of 104 public hospitals in the provinces of A, B, C. Author's questionnaire was distributed among 8975 participants of the medical staff. An analysis of the operating environment and documents, query literature. Was conducted individual in-depth interview with 540 medical experts from January 2007 to December 2011.Results: Diagnosed public hospitals network problems in the implementation phase of quality management system for medical services: interpretation of the requirements of the standards, development of implementation documentation, knowledge of procedures, standards. The work confirmed the theory that managers/Medical is responsible for the good/bad its functioning.Conclusions: Building on the paradigms of science organization and management expanded the scope of the study on the analysis of the factors determining the quality management of medical services based on a family of ISO standards. Factors focused on human capital and structural describing the quality of intellectual capital, supplemented by a layer of organizational and functional entities. This made it possible to get an answer in terms of phenomena, which in the area of ​​quality in the network of public hospitals can be observed. And suggests practical solutions. Indicated tools and capabilities to implement the principles of quality in shaping the satisfaction of stakeholders.
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Claims of patients against medical providers are increasingly common. In addition to the judicial mode from 1 January 2012, patients can also benefit from the administrative mode their claims. This is possible thanks to the regulations of the Act of 6 November 2008 on the rights of the patient and the patient’s Ombudsman (Section 13a). As a result of new legal solutions injured patient can also redress in administrative mode, ie when applying the findings of the medical event to voivodeship commission for adjudication of medical events. This article presents the regulations related to the potential claims of patients in administrative mode, before the voivodeship committees for the adjudication of medical events. Keywords: patient, medical event, insurance, voivodeship committee.
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To sum up, professional liability is an additional mode of responsibility, not included in the common law. Professional liability occurs when medical personnel violate provisions on the practice of the profession or act against the rules ofprofessional ethics. Professional responsibility is borne for a breach of the principles of medical ethics or provisions relating to the practice of medical profession. Medical personnel may be punished for professional misconduct by: admonition, reprimand, prohibition on holding managerial positions in organizational health care entities for a period from one to five years, prohibition on holding a position of one’s choice in the bodies of self-government for the period from one to five years, limitation on activities within the profession for a period from six months to two years, suspension of the right to practice the profession for a period from one to five years, deprivation of the right to practice the profession. A doctor and dentist have the right to appeal against the decision of the Medical Court at II instance in any case, regardless of the imposed punishment. A nurse and midwife may appeal against the decision of the Supreme Court of Nurses and Midwives only in the case the penalty of suspension or deprivation of the right to practice the profession. There is a widespread opinion that it is very difficult for a victim to get a positive outcome in the medical courts, even in the cases of obvious medical errors or negligence.
PL
The right to access medical records is one of the most important patient’s right. This right has been regulated in a number of legal acts, and in particular, in the provisions of the Act of November 6, 2008 on patient rights and the Patients Ombudsman1. The aim of the paper is to present selected legal aspects relating to patient right to access medical records. The provisions of the Act of November 6, 2008 on patient rights and the Patients Ombudsman define the obligation to respect the right to access medical records. However, it should be noted that most of the doubts concern the right to access medical records after the death of a patient, which is only available to a person authorized by the patient during his life. This causes that immediate family members do not have the right to access the patient’s medical records after his death, if they have not been authorized by him.
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Introduction: The primary health care services holding the central role in the prevention of various diseases. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Primary healthcare services, holding a coordinating role in staging, treatment and prognosis of cancer. Purpose: To present the role of primary health care services in primary and secondary prevention of cancer. Materials and methods: A search was made in the PubMed and Scopus databases for reports on primary health care services in cancer patients. Results: Monitoring and early detection are some roles of care. The preventive medicine focuses on health promotion and disease prevention, helping people to enhance their own health. Specifically, majority of researches revealed that mammography ranged 44% to 69%. Also, the screening of cervical cancer by early examination of Pap smear, the percentage ranged 24% to 36%. The screening of prostate specific antigen (PSA) test ranged about 55%. The health professionalsfocused on individual, group and community interventions aimed at health promotion and prevention through programs and counseling. Conclusions: The interest of the fact that the primary care services have multidimensional roles for eliminating the occurrence of cancer. Prevention and health promotion programs, informing the population, campaigns on the part of health professionals for more frequent screening and early diagnosis in general symptoms of cancer, are fundamental principles of these services.
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Introduction: The clinical examiner's communication with the patient is essential for successful relationship. It covers all forms of the doctor-patient relationship, and its quality affects the outcome of the disease. Purpose:The discussion and critical evaluation of the communication’s importance in therapeutic practice through a critical review of the existing literature. Material and Methods: A literature search was performed in Medline, Pubmed, Cinahl, Google Scholar databases and the Greek database Iatrotek, conducted during the period 1988 – 2012, with keywords relevant to the subject of this review. Results: The communication between medical and nursing staff and patient must follow certain rules. As the time spent by the physician in the examination and updating of the patient increases, so does the satisfaction of the second, it is appropriate to develop policies aimed at detailed information on the progress of the disease and its treatment. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning the physician’s comfort when he is dealing with giving news, especially bad news and the maintenance of patient’s hope during making decisions for his health and his life. The mistakes during the communication between the examiners and the patients are usually out of ignorance or negligence not only by early-stage investigators, but also poorly trained examiners older, and neglect systematically during the physical examination of patients. Conclusion: There is a growing need for informed patient and involved in the therapeutic process, so there is a great need for the therapist have communication skills.
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