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1
Content available Ku nowej koncepcji natchnienia LXX
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The article gives a short panorama of questions concerning the inspiration of Septuagint. A little sketch of catholic teaching on the inspiratlffin of the Scripture is a starting point of this paper. It is followed by two historical paragraphs devoted to both Jewish-Hellenistic and early Christian witnesses, who seem to support the idea of divine inspiration of the Greek text. Finally, some general issues debated by contemporary scholars are presented. In conclusion, not rejecting the TM as the basis for modern OT translątions, the author favours the idea of LXX’s inspiration. However, since the research on the LXX is still in its early stadium, one has to be careful not to give too precipitate answer in such a complicated matter.
EN
The historical-critical method of biblical exegesis has its roots in Humanism and in the Enlightenment. Humanism situated the Bible in the series of ancient texts, whilst the Enlightenment sought the rational elements in the message of the Bible. The method, developed over a long period of time, proceeds from the assumption that the Bible has a message, first and foremost, for the respective era. This is why it tries to distil the demands and consolations of the Bible on the basis of (historical) knowledge about the respective era, and to sound the depths of its message for the present on this basis. There are many steps the interpreter must go through to create a space in his heart for the message of the Bible in accord with the specifics of his own era. The critical aspect of the method rests primarily on placing the message within the time of its utterance, but also on relating it to the conditions and mentalities prevailing at the time of interpretation. The historical-critical method is an auxiliary science that does not exclude other types of Bible exegesis. The insights gained from applying it are communicated through sermons and as part of the teachings of the Church.
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Content available Poésie et absence
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Considering poetry as a literary form in close relation with absence and scarcity; this paper deals with some of the most frequent and significant forms of absence that appear in poetic texts. The physical absence of the other, due either to death or to the distance between the two individuals, is the most common kind in lyric poetry. Modern poetry often deals with Gods’ absence, which represents an important loss for the contemporary human being, trying to understand or face it. There is also the lack of inspiration and words with efficient expressive capacity that make poets suffer. However, poetry is the only way in which they express their situation and create a meaningful language. Finally, absence in poetry is also a fundamental sign of its generic specificity in connection with the means that it uses, as well as with its printed representation on paper, especially in the contemporary production. In all cases, poetry, based on the dialectic of being – not being, operates as a material, sensible and intellectual presence, which like the primordial logos fillsthe vacuum, eliminates absence and scarcity, generates and animates the human world and en-riches it with presence and meaning.
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Contemporary aesthetic thought, especially that rooted in the pragmatist tradition and apologetic for the environmental experience, tends to situate form oriented aesthetics in juxtaposition to the concept of the aesthetic engagement. In particular the notion of disinterestedness is often brought to the forefront as connected to the concept of psychic distance and disdain for the surrounding reality. This essay attempts to revise two theories strongly promoting the importance of the physical form of the objects inspiring the aesthetic experience of the artist, namely that of Clive Bell and that of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in order to respond to the aforementioned criticisms of formalism. In particular, the concept of the perception of the form as an end-in-itself rather than as a means to a heterogenous end is analyzed with reference to its engaging character.
EN
The modern student is privately a player. He/she spends hours sitting at the computer and experiencing many positive feelings such as joy, surprise, curiosity, excitement. Is there anything more exciting than the adventure in a virtual world and at the game? In our presentation we will try to provide an educational game as an interesting opportunity to teach and study early school children and the students – future teachers. Projecting educational games (both board and computer ones) and testing them, can be a wonderful way to develop students’ interests and to learn and study in an interesting way. We will present our projects conducted with the students of the University of Gdansk, of Gdansk Higher School “Athenaeum”, and of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, which may provide inspiration for educational and teaching activities of other teachers and show that science can also be interesting and adventurous.
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The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the issue of movies and comic books relationship. Nowadays we can see numerous cinematic versions of graphic novels. Especially what is so called „super hero movies”. Historical development of both movies and comic books was the same. There were several thematic borrow-ings. Also popular culture had significant influence on these media. It is possible among movies and graphic novels to distinguish inspiration, adaptation and screening. Comic book movies are not a new phenomenon. But its character seems a bit morę complicated.
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Works of speculative fiction are among the most often chosen cultural texts. Article indicates several possible reasons of their popularity, such as breaking stereotypes and thinking patterns, inspirations for new solutions, tales of traditional values, chances to immerse in the world of imagination. Dressing an attractive “costume” and speaking an understandable “language”, speculative fiction tells about matters important to the audience. It helps not only to “get away” from reality, but also to reconcile to it and to shape it.
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Content available Deotyma – Norwid’s “Tenth Muse”
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This article attempts to recreate the image of Jadwiga Łuszczewska from the literary works and letters by Cyprian Norwid. The young improviser sparked controversy not only among the critics, but also among the Warsaw socialites in Romantic period. Norwid, however, considered her personality as original, modern and capable of refreshing Polish poetry. In his poems he describes her as “the tenth Muse” and compares her to Sappho, who was called exactly the same name by Plato in recognition of her poetic talent. Moreover, he depicts her in an idealized manner, like a contemporary sibyl who advises the nation on how to proceed in a tragic historical period. Norwid’s enthusiasm waned at the beginning of the 1860s when it became clear that the poetic works by Deotyma were becoming repetitive, constantly revisiting the same motives, ideas and aesthetic means, unable to go beyond the horizon defined at the onset of her career. He realized that behind the female figure he himself ennobled – as comforter, Samaritan, visionary, and statuesque Muse – there is a human being, imperfect and, in some aspects trivial, affected or even philistine.
PL
Das Problem des Schriftinspiration, welches zum Wesen der Offenbarungstheologie gehört, war in der Geschichte der katholischen Theologie oft der Gegenstand zahlreicher Forschungen. Eine Lösung die der berühmte Tübinger Theologe J. E. Kuhn 1859 darlegte, verdient sicher eine breitere Veröffentlichung. Der Ausgangspunkt für J. E. Kuhn war die Offenbarungstat Gottes, in welcher Kuhn zwei Strukturelemente unterscheidet: die äussere Manifestation Gottes und das Verständnis dieser Manifestation durch den Menschen. Beide sind für die Existenz der Offenbarung unbedingt notwendig. In der bischerigen Problemstellung wurde die Inspiration stets als Schriftinspiration betrachtet. Kuhn dagegen verbindet die Inspiration mit dem Moment des Verstehens der äusseren Manifestation Gottes in der Geschichte. Ausserdem betont der Tübinger Theologe, dass die Inspiration ein kollektiven und nicht personalen Charakter hat. Als entscheidenen Moment der Inspiratosübertragung auf die Apostel betrachtet Kuhn den Pfingstsonntag, den man auch als Anfang des andauernden Inspirationsprozesses erklären kann.
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Content available remote Lommen och Svanen, wyspa Saltö, Karlskrona, Szwecja
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Ever since the first public seat of learning was founded in antique Alexandria – famed for Euclid, Archimedes and Herophilos – inventors and innovators of diverse orientations have banded together at particular places around the globe. Today, the most prominent of them is the San Francisco Bay area. What make creative people cluster in those places? Numerous studies have shown that they are attracted primarily, not by any material benefits, but by the ambience of the place, where creativity has become a way of life, where inspiration is derived from a heterogeneous environment. In conclusion, the author draws up a psychological portrait of the creative class and considers its development prospects.
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The Book of Revelation confronts its readers with the problem of violence and irrationality, thereby putting at stake its claim to inspiration and truth. In a canonical and pastoral approach, the document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission explains this unruly book as an expression of Christ’s “burning love”. However, Revelation offers its reader a dramatic counter-world, in which neither love nor logic may be learnt but the coping with passion and “tears”. The visionary strategy (1) gives the Christians insights into their own truth, (2) establishes their very own, “heavenly” perspective, (3) meticulously provides them with theocentric knowledge of the purpose of their everyday struggles, (4) transforms them by a dramatic experience of redemption, and (5) lets them encounter Christ in an experience of longing and trust.
Verbum Vitae
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2022
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tom 40
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nr 1
279-299
EN
This article is in response to a review of the monograph Inspiration, Truth, Salvation (2020). In it, the reviewer, Sławomir Zatwardnicki, poses questions that demand an answer. The most important one pertains to the issue of the novelty of understanding the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures. The author of the article emphasizes that although the document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Inspiration and Truth of Sacred Scripture (2014), analyses various models of God’s communication with the chosen people (authors of the books), they show distinct aspects of the same process. It has its culminating stage in the person and activity (words and deeds) of the Son of God, who became man, in whom the Holy Spirit permanently remained. Hence, the most important feature of biblical inspiration is the Christological- pneumatological dimension. In it the earlier forms of God’s revelatory communication with men find their fulfillment. In turn, in response to the question about the sacramental character of the Word of God, the author of the article explains that it is even a pre-sacrament. And it has a salvific power of its own: it is not only inspired by the Holy Spirit, but it breathes the Holy Spirit and brings Him into human interiors. Finally, it shows the organic connection between inspiration, Truth, and Salvation. Inspired Scripture makes Christ, who is the Truth (the Son of God in an indissoluble bond with the Father) and the Savior, present to man.
PL
Artykuł jest odpowiedzią na recenzję monografii Natchnienie. Prawda. Zbawienie (2020). Recenzent, Sławomir Zatwardnicki, stawia w niej pytania, które domagają się odpowiedzi. Najważniejsze dotyczy tego, na czym polega novum w rozumieniu natchnienia Pisma Świętego. Autor artykułu podkreśla, że jakkolwiek w dokumencie Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej Natchnienie i prawda Pisma Świętego (2014) analizowane są różne modele komunikacji Boga z wybranymi ludźmi (autorami ksiąg), to ukazują one różne aspekty jednego procesu. Ma on swój etap kulminacyjny w osobie i działalności (słowach i czynach) Syna Bożego, który stał się człowiekiem, w którym trwale pozostawał Duch Święty. Stąd też najważniejszym rysem natchnienia biblijnego jest wymiar chrystologiczno-pneumatologiczny. W nim znajdują swe wypełnienie wcześniejsze formy objawicielskiej komunikacji Boga z ludźmi. Z kolei w odpowiedzi na pytanie o sakramentalny charakter Słowa Bożego autor artykułu wyjaśnia, że jest ono wręcz pra-sakramentem. Słowo to ma moc zbawczą własną: jest nie tylko natchnione przez Ducha Świętego, ale tchnie Duchem Świętym, wnosi Go do ludzkich wnętrz. Wreszcie pokazuje, na czym polega organiczny związek między natchnieniem, Prawdą i Zbawieniem. Natchnione Pismo Święte uobecnia dla człowieka Chrystusa, który jest Prawdą (Synem Bożym w nierozerwalnej więzi z Ojcem) i Zbawicielem.
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Content available Fryderyk Chopin in popular instrumental music
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The author considers whether Fryderyk Chopin and his oeuvre may be regarded as part of popular culture - and if so, to what extent. However, the text is mostly taken up with analysis of popular instrumental music inspired by Chopin’s works in various ways: from simple quotation, adaptation and transcription to more sophisticated instrumentation and arrangement, free improvisation or even the creation of a completely new work derived from a single motif or sample from Chopin. Consequently, the author deals with the problem of reception, but also with the issue of transculturation and the relationship between high and popular culture. The article shows and describes the variety of Chopin inspiration in a wide range of styles and genres of popular music, such as rock music, easy-listening, electronic music, dance music and disco.
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Content available remote Na konci cesty. Československo-jugoslávské vztahy ve druhé polovině 80. let
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This study engages with the last stage of Czechoslovak-Yugoslav relations in the era of left-authoritarian regimes. Primarily on the basis of analyses of archival documents that were created through the activities of corresponding party and state institutions in both countries, it deals with transformations in the character of the bilateral contacts and their most important spheres. It demonstrates that already by the end of the first half of the 1980s any remaining distrust and ideologically-motivated suspicion that had been typical in these bilateral relations since the rift between Stalin and Tito, or more precisely, since the renewal of relations in 1954, had disappeared. Cooperation between the two countries had been further complicated to varying extents by problems of a secondary or rather tertiary degree of importance, such as the Czechoslovaks’ strongly negative balance in payments, the ongoing numerous emigration of citizens of the ČSSR to countries in the West through Yugoslav territory, and Belgrade’s dissatisfaction with the number of students of Yugoslav studies in Czechoslovak universities. As a consequence of Gorbachev’s reform, the Czechoslovak leadership was increasingly isolated from the rest of the world and feverishly sought a new political concept that would enable it to hold onto its political dominance; thus, it attempted to carry several aspects of Yugoslav socialist self-management into its governing bodies. Some of Czechoslovakia’s top political functionaries even began to look upon socialist Yugoslavia as a potential close ally, with which a more intense bilateral cooperation would replace relationship with states in the Soviet sphere of influence that were problematic or already petering out.
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References to the music of the past, and such is the baroque music, was characteristic of many Polish contemporary composers: Tadeusz Baird, Bolesław Szabelski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Zygmunt Krauze and Eugeniusz Knapik among others. This incomplete list should be supplemented with the name of the eminent composer Krzysztof Baculewski. When it comes to baroque forms, he focused his interest on the English ground. Inspired by this form, he composed an orchestral work entitled Ground in 1981. Several sections resembling the composition of a speech can be distinguished in this work: exordium, narratio, confirmatio, confutatio, culminatio, conclusio. Krzysztof Baculewski’s work in a well-thought out and consistent manner alludes to the ground technique and contains each of its characteristic features. It is an example of cantus prius factus in cantum novum of the composer engrossed in the music of the past time, and yet composing in his own, individual, mature language.
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W artykule przedstawiono tezę o prymacie doświadczeń emocjonalnych w procesie pisania utworu. Autorka wprowadza pojęcie wyzwalacza emocji, za pomocą którego można zdefiniować sposoby przekształcania emocji zmysłowych w emocje poetyckie. Analizuje także teorię „autor to tekst” w stosunku do poetów – „autobiografów”, których teksty są odzwierciedleniem ich życia. Ponadto autorka opisuje emocje mentalne w utworach Maksima Tanka i emocje zmysłowe w twórczości Eugenii Janiszczyc.
EN
The author of the article suggests the priority of emotional experience in the process of creating work. The concept of an emotional trigger which helps to analyze the way of transformation of sensual emotion into poetic emotion is proposed. The theory “an author is a text” with regard to poets-“autobiographers” whose texts are the reflection of their lifestyle is also considered. Additionally, the author describes mental emotions in Maksim Tank’s works and sensual emotions in Yevgenii Yanishchits’ poetry.
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Content available Jak pisać poezję?
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Celem tekstu jest zobrazowanie procesu tworzenia tekstu poetyckiego. Autor naucza, że do napisania wiersza będącego sposobem docierania do rzeczy ukrytych, konstruowania świata potrzebne są natchnienie, inspiracja (przeżycie), nośna w treści wizja oraz jej artykulacja. Potrzebna jest poiesis, i jej towarzysz – utwór poetycki. Prócz tego potrzebne jest również rozumienie różnych sposobów „zorganizowania” myśli. Autor przekonuje, czego dowodem są zamieszczone w tekście wiersze, że poezja przynosi mnogość treści ukrytych gdzieś głęboko, w naszej jaźni. A racjonalność wymaga uprawy, uprawy różnorodnej i skutecznej.
EN
The aim of the text is to show how to write poetry. The author teaches that to write a poem, which is a way of reaching what is hidden and constructing the world, you need to have an inspiration, an experience, an expressive vision, and the articulation of that vision. You need both poiesis and its companion: a poem. Apart from that, you also need to understand various ways of “organizing” thoughts. The author argues (illustrating this with the poems included in the text) that poetry refers to a variety of contents concealed deep in our self. Rationality, in turn, needs to be diversely and effectively cultivated.
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