Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Stability Training and Effectiveness of Playing Basketball

100%

Worobel M.

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nr 2

85-95

EN

The aim of this study is to review the available literature for factors affecting a basketball throw and the stabilization of the trunk. Searching for the most important elements which ought to be improved during training to increase the effectiveness of a throw and those which condition the correct stabilization of the trunk. The obtained results, after analyzing the literature, show that it is not possible to determine a single factor affecting a throw and the stabilization of the trunk. There are many factors that influence each other and, therefore, must be trained as one. There are biomechanical relationships between the effectiveness of making a throw, the positioning of the limbs, the trunk and the trajectory of the ball. It is important to mention the role of a factor outside biomechanics, such as the player’s psyche. Muscles have the greatest impact on stabilization. Muscle function would not be possible without proper control by the nervous system The conclusion section shows a large number of interacting factors responsible for the quality and effectiveness of the throw as well as for the stabilization of the trunk. This allows better planning and conducting of basketball training aimed at improving technique and throw effectiveness.

2

Violent Incidents in Greek Basketball. Referees' Perspective on the Theoretical Models of Violence

100%

Koukouris K. , Stavros T.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2009

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tom 46

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nr 1

177-193

EN

During the last 30 years a significant body of knowledge has been accumulated around the issue of hooliganism in professional soccer. However, very little has been said about violence in basketball, a sport that has the most incidents of violence after soccer and perhaps handball in Europe. Although an increasing number of violent incidents in basketball are reported in the mass media, research is limited. The sample consisted of 16 top Greek basketball referees, several of whom were distinguished even at an international level. The top referees were interviewed in a hotel prior to matches. The criteria for the choice of leading referees was based on their top refereeing experience (A1 division). Officials provide support for the notion that basketball is hostage to personal interests and is used as a means of pressure for the service of other aims. The theory for the social roots of hooliganism as well as the theory of frustration - aggression provide sufficient explanations for the interpretation of violence in basketball. Under work and family pressures young people become more aggressive and unload their disappointment in the sports ground, which they consider to be a suitable outlet.

3

The Effects of Rule Changes on Basketball Game Results in the Men’s European Basketball Championships

100%

Pluta B. , Andrzejewski M. , Lira J.

Human Movement

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2014

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tom 15

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nr 4

204-208

EN

Purpose. The aim the study was to analyze the effects of rule changes in men’s professional basketball. Univariate analysis examined game statistics, concentrating only on points scores from selected basketball games and did not include situational variables that may have affected game dynamics. Methods. Data on the results of all games played in the men’s European Basketball Championships between 1935 and 2013 were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Six main rule modifications which directly affected game play were identified in chronological order. Results. The number of points scored and allowed changed significantly after 1956. The greatest changes in game scores as a result of rule modifications were after rule changes in 1956 and after 1984. Conclusions. Rule changes involve processes that modify game conditions and should be validated following reflective analysis.

4

Characteristics of Team Leaders Play as exemplified by the European Championships In Basketball

100%

Pluta B. , Andrzejewski M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 27

161-179

EN

This paper presents a statistical analysis of basketball team leaders performance during a championship status tournament in team sports using the example of the 36th European Championships EuroBasket 2009. The list of player-leaders of particular national teams was developed by means of the expert method, based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Empirical data gathered were taken from the website of EuroBasket 2009 Poland (www.eurobasket2009.org) and FIBA Europe (www.fiba.com). Formal statistical methods concerning sample description were used. The comparative analysis was conducted by means of various tabular and graphic techniques. The calculations were performed in a STATISTICA spreadsheet. The applied statistical methods allowed a series of conclusions to be drawn concerning the performance of leader-players and their cooperation with other players on the court. The knowledge of particular SGCs (standard game components) realization allows those dispositions of leader-players which are especially significant in the process of cooperation in a basketball team to be improved by coaching.

5

100%

Gocentas A. , Jascaniniene N. , Poprzęcki S. , Jaszczanin J. , Juozulynas A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

|

tom 30

145-152

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in cardio respiratory functional capacity between perimeter and post elite basketball players. The subjects included 42 highly trained basketball players subdivided into groups of perimeter and post players. Point guards, shooting guards and small forwards were involved in the group of perimeter players, while power forwards and centers represented the group of post players. All players performed a standardized exercise test to evaluate maximal oxygen uptake using a cycle ergometer and automated breath-by-breath system VMAX229C. Collected data of power, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange were compared between the groups of perimeter and post players. Significant differences in anthropometric features between the investigated subgroups were observed. Post players were heavier and taller. Therefore, the perimeter players had significantly higher values of VO2max and relative power. VO2max was related to relative power. Relations between those variables can be described by linear regression. Given regressions can be used as a source of typical values for male basketball players. The results indicate that the empirical repartition of basketball players into perimeter and post players has not only a morphological but a physiological basis as well.

6

Spectator Motives and Points of Attachment: an Investigation on Professional Basketball

100%

Gencer R. , Kiremitci O. , Boyacioglu H.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 30

189-196

EN

Spectator attendance to professional basketball in Turkey is significantly less than desired. Keeping in mind how important spectators are for team sports, understanding factors that affect game attendance will offer essential clues in terms of increasing spectator attendance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between basketball spectators' motives and points of attachment. With consideration to this purpose, the present study has tested the validity and reliability of the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption and the Points of Attachment Index for Turkish basketball spectators. 197 basketball spectators participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that the original models of the measurement tools employed for the study showed an acceptable degree of fit with the data. The internal consistency coefficients of the scales were found to be between 0.59 and 0.80 for the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption and between 0.53 and 0.88 for the Points of Attachment Index. The canonical correlation analysis only returned a single significant function. The motives aesthetics and escape stood out in terms of the significant function, while the sport type (basketball in this study) stood out in the sense of attachment. Relationships identified between basketball spectators' motives and points of attachment could help sports managers and marketing experts to develop strategies focusing on increasing spectator attendance to their teams' games.

7

THE IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTLY DERIVED INFORMATION IN THE BASKETBALL JUMP SHOT. A COMPARISON OF CHANGED VISUAL CONDITIONS FROM DIFFERENT SHOOTING SPOTS

88%

Pohl A. , Böker M. , Heinen T. , Hennig L.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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tom 18

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nr 2

5-12

EN

The basketball jump shot as a movement, allowing visual feedback based corrections, can be considered as a generalized or a specialized motor skill. The purpose of this study is to look into the connection between visual perception and the specialization of a motor skill. Therefore, six male basketball players were asked to perform jump shots under different viewing conditions from their favourite spot (sweet spot) and a second, middle-distance spot. The question was, if performance is affected by the changed visual conditions and whether the shooting spot plays a role in a potentially change in performance. The different visual conditions were first, a regular basketball hoop with no adjustment, second a regular basketball hoop with a covered backboard, and third a regular basketball hoop with a covered rim. Between the different visual conditions, performance did not differ significantly, neither from the sweet spot, nor from the neutral defined spot. However, players showed a significantly better performance from sweet spot than from the neutral spot under regular viewing conditions.

8

Anthropometric Characteristics of Spanish Professional Basketball Players

88%

Alejandro V. , Santiago S. , Gerardo V. J. , Carlos M. J. , Vicente G.-T.

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tom 46

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nr 1

99-106

EN

The study of elite basketball players’ anthropometric characteristics alongside those of body composition contributes significantly to their profiling as professional athletes and plays an important role in the selection process, as these characteristics can have a significant impact on performance. In the current study, 110 professional basketball players from a series of Spanish professional Leagues (ACB, LEB and EBA) and youth level National Teams (U20 and U18) had their anthropometric profiles measured and compared to determine differences between them. Furthermore, all 110 players were divided into three different categories according to their playing position: guards, forwards and centres. The results obtained show no significant differences between players in different competitions in weight, height and the sum of skinfolds. Nonetheless, there were several differences related to body fat content (13.03% in ACB players and 10.52% in the lower categories and National Teams). There were also several differences found between the different playing positions amongst all playing levels in body mass (79.56 ± 2.41, 91.04 ± 1.51 and 104.56 ± 1.73 kg), height (182.28 ± 0.96, 195.65 ± 1.00 and 204.08 ± 0.67 cm), skinfold distribution and perimeters. However, there were no significant differences in body fat content between the different playing positions. The conclusions obtained from this study provide a better understanding to basketball specialists regarding the selection process of players at the elite level, especially on the transition from youth elite programs to men’s elite leagues.

9

Analytical and experimental determination of the energy dissipation of the bounced basketball in the natural drop test

75%

Makowski A.

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tom 103

10

Termowizyjna ocena zmian temperatury powierzchni ciała koszykarzy po treningu

75%

Chudecka M. , Lubkowska A.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2011

|

tom Vol. 17, nr 4

271-274

PL

Cel. Celem pracy była ocena zmian temperatury wybranych powierzchni ciała (ramion i przedramion) u koszykarzy po 90-minutowym wysiłku fizycznym (jednostce treningowej w hali sportowej) oraz ocena wpływu wybranych czynników fizjologicznych (pułap tlenowy - VO2max, tętno maksymalne - HRmax, średnie tętno podczas treningu - HRt, stosunek procentowy średniego tętna treningowego do tętna maksymalnego (%HRmax), a także wydatek energetyczny podczas treningu mierzony ilością zużytych kalorii). Oceniono również wpływ czynników morfologicznych (wysokość i masa ciała, grubość fałdu skórno-tłuszczowego na ramieniu i przedramieniu prawym i lewym, wskaźnik BMI, skład ciała oraz powierzchnia ciała analizowanych obszarów) na zmiany temperatury skóry. Materiał i metody. Badaniami objęto 12 zawodników wyczynowo uprawiających koszykówkę. Jednostka treningowa trwała 90 minut i miała charakter wytrzymałościowy. Zbadano cechy morfologiczne i fizjologiczne zawodników. U każdego badanego zarejestrowano serię 3 termogramów: przed treningiem, bezpośrednio po treningu oraz po 10 minutach od zakończenia treningu. W badaniach wykorzystano kamerę termowizyjną ThermaCAM TM Sc500 firmy Flir Systems. Analiza. Bezpośrednio po treningu rejestrowano spadek temperatury analizowanych powierzchni ciała, spowodowany poceniem się. Wyższe spadki średnich temperatur odnotowano w przypadku powierzchni przednich kończyn górnych. Na podstawie analizy regresji stwierdzono, że czynnikiem mającym statystycznie istotny wpływ na wielkość zmian temperatury w seriach badań jest poziom pułapu tlenowego oraz wydatek energetyczny. Wnioski. Istotna statystycznie zależność pomiędzy poziomem pułapu tlenowego a spadkiem temperatur powierzchni kończyn górnych (ramion i przedramion) bezpośrednio po treningu wskazuje, że termografia może być wykorzystana do badania sprawności mechanizmów termoregulacji zawodnika.

EN

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the temperature changes within the selected body parts of basketball players (upper extremities - arm and forearm), directly after the 90-minutes physical exercise, as well as the analysis of the impact of physiological and morphological factors on the dynamics of temperature changes. Material and methods. The examined group consisted of 12 professional basketball players, subjected to the 90-minutes training, including the elements of the actual game in a sport hall. The physiological factors: Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max), Maximum Heart Rate (HRmax), Individual Mean Training Heart Rate (HRt), the ratio of mean heart rate during training expressed as a percentage of HRmax, and the energetic expenditure during the training and morphological factors (body height and mass, skin-fat fold on the right and left arm and forearm, BMI, body composition and body surface), were measured. The temperatures distribution in the examined body parts were registered before, immediately after and 10 min after physical effort by means of a thermovision camera (ThermaCAM TM Sc500, Flir Systems). Main findings. After the exercise the skin temperature decrease resulting from prolonged sweating during the dynamic exercises, was observed. The recorded temperature decrease in the series of tests was always higher in the front than in the back surfaces of the upper extremities. The statistically significant positive correlation between Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) during the training session and the decrease of skin temperatures after exercise, were observed. Conclusions. The statistically significant positive correlation between the maximum oxygen uptake and the mean surface temperatures in the upper extremities (arm and forearm), measured just after the exercise, indicates that thermography may be used as a non-invasive method allowing examination of thermoregulation mechanism of basketball players.

11

Zespołowe gry sportowe kobiet w działalności Akademickiego Związku Sportowego w Polsce w latach 1945–1989

63%

Skalik M.

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tom 3

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nr 2

25-39

EN

The emergence of women’s team sports in University Sports Association (Akademicki Związek Sportowy – AZS) in Poland took place in the second decade of the 20th century. In the 1930s female student teams competed in Polish championships in Czech handball, basketball and volleyball. After the Second World War, team games continued to be popularized in the academic community. Women participated in university, inter-university and international competitions in basketball, handball and volleyball. A competition had the greatest popularity in of the Academic Polish Championship and the Polish Championship of Higher Education Institutions. In addition, sports teams representing AZS participated in professional sports in basketball, football, field hockey, handball and volleyball. In the professional sport most suc-cesses had teams AZS Warsaw, AZS Wrocław, AZS Katowice and AZS Poznań. The development of team sports games in the academic community was related to, among others with the decisions of institutions managing physical culture in Poland in 1945–1989. These guidelines had an impact on organizational changes in the structures of AZS and on shaping the ac-ademic model of sports competition.

PL

Geneza zespołowych gier sportowych kobiet w strukturach Akademickiego Związku Sportowego (AZS) w Polsce przypada na drugą połowę lat 20. XX w. W latach 30. XX w. żeńskie drużyny studenckie brały udział w rozgrywkach o mistrzostwo Polski w dyscyplinach hazeny, koszykówki oraz piłki siatkowej. Po II wojnie światowej nastąpiło upowszechnienie gier ze-społowych w środowisku akademickim. Kobiety uczestniczyły w rozgrywkach koszykówki, piłki ręcznej i piłki siatkowej, w rywalizacji uczelnianej, międzyuczelnianej oraz międzynarodowej. Największą popularność osiągnęło współzawodnictwo w ramach Akademickich Mi-strzostw Polski oraz Mistrzostw Polski Szkół Wyższych. Ponadto zespoły reprezentujące AZS brały udział we współzawodnictwie kwalifikowanym – na poziomie okręgowym, a także na szczeblach lig państwowych. W zakresie sportu wyczynowego w latach 1945–1989, najwięk-sze sukcesy wiązały się z działalnością drużyn: AZS Warszawa, AZS Wrocław, AZS Katowice i AZS Poznań. Rozwój zespołowych gier sportowych w środowisku akademickim związany był m.in. z decyzjami instytucji zarządzających kulturą fizyczną w Polsce w latach 1945–1989. Wytyczne władz państwowych miały wpływ na zmiany organizacyjne w strukturach AZS oraz na kształtowanie modelu akademickiego współzawodnictwa sportowego.

12

Somatotype variables related to strength and power output in male basketball players

51%

Buśko K. , Pastuszak A. , Lipińska M. , Gryko K.

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tom Vol. 19, nr 2

161--167

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between somatotype, muscular strength, power output measured in maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts, and maximal power output and height of rise of the body mass centre (jump height) measured in akimbo counter movement jump (ACMJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and spike jump (SPJ), in male basketball players. Methods: Thirteen male basketball players (second division, age 19.4±0.8 years, body height 192.9±5.6 cm, body mass 88.8±8.6 kg, training experience 9.3±0.8 years) participated in the study. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. Maximal joint torques were measured under static conditions. Power output was measured in 2 maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts, 10 s each, with increasing external loads equal to 7.5 and 10.0% of the body weight (BW). All jump trials (ACMJ, CMJ and SPJ) were performed on a force plate. Results: The mean somatotype of basketball players amounted to: 2.8-4.2-3.2. Sum of the joint torques for left and right lower extremities (0.613), trunk (0.631) and all six measured muscle groups (0.647) were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with mesomorphy and ectomorphy. Conclusion: It can be assumed that basketball players’ anthropometric characteristics can influence their level of performance but it is not a decisive factor.

13

Sportowa wszechstronność polskich piłkarzy, uczestników rozgrywek ligowych w latach 1927–1939

44%

Owsiański J.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

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2021

|

tom 27

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nr 1

97-118

EN

The players who played in the Polish football league in the interwar period were very versatile and talented, therefore they were also successful in other sports. The aim of the study was to assess the scale of this phenomenon. The mass development of football in Poland meant that there was a shortage of talented players in the struggle involving sports games, athletics or winter sports. The high level of physical fitness of the players predisposed them to participate in the competitions in sections of sports clubs other than football. The author presents detailed lists of footballers, participants in league competitions in the years 1927–1939, who became medallists of Polish championships in ice hockey, athletics, basketball, volleyball and handball. In addition, the biographies and achievements of the most versatile athletes are included.

PL

Zawodnicy występujący w latach międzywojennych w polskiej lidze piłkarskiej byli bardzo wszechstronni i utalentowani, dlatego odnosili sukcesy sportowe także w innych dyscyplinach sportu. Celem pracy była ocena skali tego zjawiska. Masowy rozwój piłki nożnej w Polsce sprawił, że brakowało utalentowanych zawodników w zmaganiach obejmujących gry sportowe, lekkoatletykę czy sporty zimowe. Wysoka sprawność piłkarzy predystynowała ich do udziału w rywalizacji sekcji klubów sportowych, innych niż futbolowe. Przedstawiono szczegółowe wykazy piłkarzy, uczestników rozgrywek ligowych w latach 1927–1939, którzy zostali medalistami mistrzostw Polski w hokeju na lodzie, lekkoatletyce, koszykówce, siatkówce i piłce ręcznej. Ponadto zaprezentowano sylwetki i dokonania najbardziej wszechstronnych zawodników.

14

Od wrogości do akceptacji. Polsko-litewskie kontakty sportowe w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

44%

Wolsza T.

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nr 1

109-128

EN

In the first part of reflections, the reader will find information on the sports competitions of Polish sportspeople with the representatives of Czechoslovakia, Germany, and the Soviet Union, with due regard to the suspension of sports contacts for political reasons. The second part deals with the Polish-Lithuanian contacts in 1938–39 after the neighbouring countries established diplomatic relations.

PL

W pierwszej części rozważań czytelnik odnajdzie informacje na temat rywalizacji sportowej zawodników polskich z reprezentantami Czechosłowacji, Niemiec i Związku Sowieckiego, z uwzględnieniem aspektu zawieszenia kontaktów sportowych z powodów politycznych. Druga część traktuje o kontaktach polsko-litewskich w latach 1938–1939, po nawiązaniu przez sąsiadujące kraje stosunków dyplomatycznych.