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EN
The authoress aims to identify the state of competitiveness of the Polish fruit and vegetables sector in comparison to the European Union countries, especially taking into account the new member states. The production potential and trade in fresh and processed fruit and vegetables were analyzed. The analysis of competitiveness was made on the basis of selected market and trade indicators, labour productivity and average turnover of processing enterprises. The determinants of competitiveness of Polish horticulture were also discussed
EN
Membership of the European Union has a many-sided influence on the operation of the agricultural sector and rural community in Poland. The most significant changes stem from inclusion in the uniform market and subordination to the common agricultural policy. Owing to the substantial and not fully utilised competitive potential of Polish agriculture the reforms implemented so far, which separate support for agricultural incomes from decisions concerning production, have strengthened the sector's position on the common market. Although the intervention system applied within the common organisation of markets has not proved effective in all the segments its general assessment is positive. Consecutive reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy are not only a chance for its adjustment to the specific expectations of Poland but also a challenge - it is necessary to constantly improve effectiveness in promoting Polish goals in this process.
EN
In the paper, the results of research into the competitiveness of Hungary's economy in 1995-2002 were presented. The competitiveness of the economy was determined on the level of the manufacturing sector with special regard to the impact of foreign direct investment on the automotive industry and the electrical and optical appliance industry. The above industries that in the 1990s had enjoyed priority governmental support in the form of investment incentives, showed the strongest penetration by the foreign capital. The foreign direct investment (FDI) companies established in these industries made the quickest adaptive structural transformations in the sphere of production and marketing, increased the export volume and decidedly improved the quality of their product offer, thus integrating Hungary into the European production and sales chain. This has been not without influence on the profitability of the FDI companies in the above industries. Thus, the adaptability of the Hungarian economy and its sales and profit making capability in the industries under review have proved to be high, thanks to the foreign direct investment companies. However, at the same time the economy's capability of attracting foreign investment has been considerably weakening, as the volume of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector has been approaching the limit of this sector's absorption capability.
EN
Representatives of the European Union as well as particular countries realize that quality has become a decisive factor of competitiveness. Therefore, they intensively support the care for quality at the micro-economic level. It is provided through corporate quality management systems. It is a tool allowing companies to grow constantly through suitable application of modern methods applicable in the corporate management. One of the methods contributing to increasing the quality provided as well as to efficiency of actual processes is the Quick Response method. It is an approach enabling to increase the speed of response to the customers' demands, with reasonable costs spent. Implementation of this method should contribute to fulfilling the basic principles of the quality management and higher competitiveness of the company
EN
The organizational culture is one of key factors which can influence the organizational success in building the long-lasting domination of an enterprise. The article is an attempt to introduce and at the same time to present the understanding of the culture in terms of expected bearings which can explain why organizational individuals (or entire organizations) promote only the behaviors which are in accordance with the value and the mission of the enterprises. The author draws attention to the level of expectations and behavior, which is usually the result of team work. A lot of attention has also been paid to the phenomenon of crossing of two relations: organizational culture with the function of leadership. The author has also discussed the role of a manager as a means of shaping and supporting an organization culture in conditions of increasing competition.
EN
The main aim of this paper is to characterize the circumstances under which high economic growth, that was achieved in 2005, was reflected in the different segments of the supply side of the economy. The paper analyzes the development of GDP from the perspective of its branches, trends in the development of the main branches, changes in the financial positions of corporations. The last part of the paper focuses on the dynamics of the Slovak foreign trade, especially the changes in the technological competitiveness of this sector.
EN
Facing the globalized and increasingly competitive environment, the manufacturing sector of each economy is forced to its own continual competitiveness growth. Along with the intensifying competitiveness more attention is given to the industrial policy measures assigned to enhance the performance of the domestic firms. The raising attention to the European industrial policy could be connected with the problems linked to de-industrialisation and to the fears of de-localization (the European Union's manufacturing base moving out of Europe) as well. The first part of the presented article analyses the relationship between industrial policy and competitiveness. The following two parts are focusing on EU industrial policy, its development and the latest trends.
EN
In the article describes of innovations is investigational, going is distinguished near their determination and classification, and also direct dependence is reasonable between innovations and competitiveness.
EN
This article analyzes the concept of competitiveness, competitiveness of the criteria and methodology for assessing competitiveness.
EN
The purpose of this study is to develop a concept of market rivalry between firms for customers to clarify the mechanism of the competitiveness of production. The issue is to be able to research the impact of competitiveness upon consumers' welfare and economic growth. Simultaneously, the concept will be useful in critical analysis of micro-economic competition theory. The method is based on modelling the struggle basing upon precisely defined, unorthodox initial assumptions of struggle and assumptions concerning the structure of struggle dynamics. The results are the following theses: (a) the struggle between firms for customers is a necessity in case firms for demand-related reasons hold of the production capacity reserves, and their product is diversified; (b) the dynamics (growth, stability, decline) of production competitiveness depends upon the objective of the struggle between firms (maximalist, minimalist) and effectiveness in the implementation of such objective; (c) the dynamics (growth, stagnation) of production efficiency depends upon what type of struggle - offensive or defensive - prevails in the economy; (d) a company may achieve growth in production competitiveness without improving its production efficiency; (e) under the conditions of an open world market, offensive struggle method is more probable than in case of a closed national market. Concluding: the impact of production competitiveness upon consumer welfare and potential GDP growth is indirect - as the object of struggle between the firms for customers, the consequence of which is a pre-determined dynamics of production efficiency. However, acting as a factor determining the share of supply in the world market - competitiveness (international) bears direct impact upon the growth rate of actual GDP.
EN
This paper is devoted to the problems of the transformation of the enterprise sphere in the SR. It concentrates on three fundamental problems which are: the course of the transformational process of the enterprise in the SR, competitiveness of the Slovak enterprises and the transformation in the sectors of the national economy. The transformational process of the enterprise sphere is unprecedented and spontaneous succession of the procedures resulting in the change of the enterprise behaviour of the market subject. The aim of this process is the increase of the competitiveness. Very important role in the transformation of the enterprises has the business environment.
EN
The paper analyses impact of institutional density on networking and competitiveness of six selected EU countries. Based on the empirical data on European highly-innovative research projects NEST 2004 and 2005 and ERA-Net Series 2 we study to what extent the countries participate at these projects. The results show that participation of some countries in such programs is insufficient. Our model shows that despite the fact that country size has a certain impact on project participation rate in the analyzed types of projects, such relationship is only partial. The paper also shows that transformation rate of the knowledge-related inputs into the knowledge-related outputs is in the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia much lower compared to the most developed countries with comparable size (Sweden, Denmark, Austria and Finland).
EN
This article highlights the application of CTB index - Contribution to the Trade Balance under Slovak and Czech conditions. Introductory parts are aimed at specifying theoretical background of CTB indicator as being incorporated into the World Competition Indices. CTB, in this article, is observed from different scientific point of views, however, being further applied and compared to RCA as a common indicator for measuring comparative advantages. Values presented in tables and graphs clearly point out the structural changes and the production processes of both of the observed countries.
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Content available remote Zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce polskiej
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EN
Nowadays, among the most important factors which contribute to the general efficiency of the economy, there are the structural changes. The structural changes very frequently result in the change of the production structure and the structure of using the production factors in economy. Furthermore, the structural changes in the Polish economy proceed much faster than in other mature economies of the developed countries. Therefore, studying the structural changes in this case is quite complicated and it re-quires the application of appropriate methods. List of analysis prepared in this paper made it possible for the authors to identify the Polish economy's stage of development. It turned out that our economy stopped on a stage of the postindustrial society, which means that it still did not join the group of developed economies. Unfortunately, according to results of the analysis the Polish economy will remain on the same stage in the nearest future, without possibility to carry out this civilization leap.
EN
The problem of the Polish economy is low factor competitiveness. The businesses are commonly believed to be of great importance in creating competitive economy, whereas the aims of businesses are greatly regulated by consumers. Consumers, being the least significant yet the most numerous section of economy, are the entity which both entrepreneurs and different business groups must recognize. New conditions and socio-economical phenomena, resulting from the process of transformation of the Polish economy, show distinctive growth of importance of market consumption. The lack of relatively solid and harmonized attitudes in mutual exchange of economic subjects on goods and tangible and intangible services market on the one hand and the lack of them on the employment and financial markets on the other hand do not condition creating a stable and homogenous system of behaviour in a widely conceived intra-economical cooperation. Not downgrading the role of businesses in building competitive economy it may be argued that consumers, through their participation in widely conceived market game (social), initiate the processes shaping directly and indirectly the (present and future) competitive capability of economy.
EN
Increasing role of knowledge in economic development causes changes in Polish academic schools' behaviour in the local and regional environment. Academic schools have become more open for cooperation with other organizations (mainly companies and local and regional authorities) and began to participate in the process of local and regional economy competitiveness building. For last 10 years we have been observing the academic entrepreneurship development in Poland. The aim of the paper is to present the methods which the Polish academic schools use in supporting their entrepreneurship..
EN
Nowadays, the concept of competitiveness has been become modern usage in some measure, used and accepted by broad public. Definition and explanation of this term is not simple and unambiguous as well. During the 90´s a lot of types of development zones entrenched in the Czech Republic area and became economic and social phenomenon of today. The main objective of this contribution is to analyse and assess competitiveness of development zones on the basis of regional-economic approach. The authors take advantage of both hard statistical data and information based on quality with emphasis on modern behavioural concept of classical localization theory.
EN
This article seeks to contribute to current debate on the role of clusters in the competitiveness of member firms, by investigating the actual contribution of recently established clusters and by analysing the intensity and nature of the links within two clusters, in the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on data, acquired through qualitative research – interviews – with both members and non-members of the two selected clusters (Clutex, a textile cluster, and Plastr, comprised of firms operating in the plastic industry). The results provide no decisive proof concerning the contribution of clusters to firm competitiveness; however, the interviewed firms recognise and appreciate several advantages of their cluster membership, such as joint research, joint purchasing of materials, improved marketing opportunities. Surprisingly, much more intensive links were discovered in the case of the Clutex cluster, whose members are not concentrated in one region, as are Plastr’s members, but are spread over several regions. This indicates the relevance of other factors, such as cognitive and organizational proximity, on the intensity of inter-firm linkages.
EN
Corporate reengineering with its philosophy of 'process management' qualitatively evaluates effectiveness and efficiency of recent business structure processes. It is valid not only for the company itself but also for its particular outlets (plants, subsidiaries, workshops, operating units, etc.). The article gives reasons for the use of particular methodology, application of methodology of well-known consulting firms such as Andersen Consulting, Bain, BCG (Boston Consultancy Group) and McKinsey & Company. The aim of this paper is to compare reengineering methodologies of selected consulting companies and institutions from abroad and Slovakia and to stress advantages of their methodology and possibilities of its application in Slovak firms in order to increase their competitiveness.
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Content available remote Czynniki generujące zmiany w podnoszeniu konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw
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EN
The main aspect of this paper is to present basic groups of the change generating criteria in companies competitive raising. Authors used three main groups of the objects creating this change generating criteria, which are: suppliers, companies and their processes, as well as, customers.
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