This article aims to identify the impact of sport events on tourism development in Torun, and the perspective indication of its usage in aspects of shaping the national and local tourism. Torun has a great potential for tourism (with its wealth of architectural monuments and diverse culture), however the creation of mass running events as a new product should be included as one of the elements of the tourism development strategy in the city. If strengthened and developed, a “sport” form of tourism can improve the attractiveness of Torun, constitute a diversified product, and as a result, become – along with cultural and business tourism – another driving force of tourism growth in the city. This is also indicative of the use of synergy and mutual benefits for the multidirectional development of urban tourism.
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Purpose. The literature shows few studies on shod and unshod running performance in athletes, with most limited to laboratory settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate preadolescent 1000 m running performance when barefoot and in running spikes or training shoes. Methods. A sample of 22 boys and 21 girls aged 10.6 ± 1.1 years was recruited. Anthropometric data and VO2max were recorded when completing the three study protocols in a counter balanced design. Student’s t tests were applied to compare mean 1000 m finish times while ANOVA was used to evaluate sex differences between the protocols. Pearson's correlation analysis measured interactions between the finish times, anthropometric variables, and VO2max. Results. Running performance with spikes (4.58 min) was significantly better than with training shoes (5.21 min) and barefoot (5.18 min). Male 1000 m times were overall better than the females. A substantial effect of VO2max and body fat on performance was found in all protocols. Conclusions. Preadolescent endurance performance was not significantly different between training shoes and barefoot; this may serve as an incentive for future research on the training of developmental age runners.
The aim of the study is to determine motivation of runners from Poland and the Czech Republic in the context of their participation in running competitions. In this study, correlations between age, experience, training period and motives for participation in the competition by comparing the cross-country runners from both countries was researched. The study examined the place of health in the structure of motives. The study involved 847 runners from Poland and 118 from the Czech Republic. The method of a diagnostic survey was carried out using questionnaires. Competition with ourselves, overcoming our own limits, and improving physical fitness are the main motives of runners who participate in running events. Motives related to health are placed in subsequent positions. Polish runners are more sport goal-oriented; this may result from the fact that in the Czech Republic recreational sport is more grounded in culture. Running events are an important element of cross-country passion, since up to nearly 45% of runners from the Czech Republic and more than half from Poland would limit the practice, or stop it, if they did not have eligibility to participate in competitions. Organizers of sports and recreational events involving road running should rather educate runners in the direction of healthy behaviors. They should enrich the content of health education emphasizing the value of active participation and healthy lifestyle over sports rivalry.
The quantitative development of mass-participation running events in Poland, especially in recent years, is huge. Nowadays, there are more than 4,000 runs organized every year and they are open for everyone. These running events have a different number of participants (from as little as 10 people, up to even afew thousands) and they are organized in many places by various institutions and organizations. Furthermore, we can distingusih long-distance runs (mainly marathons and half-marathons) and shorter-distance runs (e.g. 10 km). The aim of this of article is to analyze mass-participation running events in Poland statistically, taking into account many criteria: quantity, location, distance and sex. The following statistical methods are used: chain indexes and average annual rate of change. Statistical data were obtained directly from organizers, their websites and different publications about mass-participation running events in Poland. The authors present a versatile statistical view on Polish mass running events in tabular and chart forms.
Socjologia sportu jest jedną z tych subdyscyplin socjologicznych, które – mogąc poszczycić się pewną tradycją badawczą – mają nadal spory potencjał rozwojowy. Autor tekstu stara się określić, jakie są obecnie główne zakresy problemowe tej subdyscypliny socjologicznej oraz jakie czynniki warunkują jej dzisiejszy rozwój. W tekście omówiono w tym celu proces umasowienia sportu oraz zmiany w obrębie teorii socjologicznej.
EN
The sociology of sport is one of those subdisciplines of sociology, which could boast of a tradition of research and still has good prospects for development. The author of the text is trying to specify the current main areas of this subdiscipline of sociology and indicate what factors determine its present development. To meet this purpose in the text, the process of growing interest in the sport and changes within the sociological theory are elaborated on.
W XXI w. na świecie zaczęto z zamiłowaniem uprawiać biegi rekreacyjne. Od 2013 r. jogging stał się najbardziej popularną aktywnością fizyczną wśród Polaków. Głównym celem artykułu jest ukazanie, że bieganie rekreacyjne, które jest nie tylko aktywnością ruchową służącą utrzymaniu właściwej kondycji fizycznej, ale także „sportem dla wszystkich”, zaczyna przybierać rangę specyficznego produktu turystyczno-sportowego – imprezy biegowej. W pracy do analizy wybrano toruńskie zawody biegowe i wydarzenia im towarzyszące, a także wykorzystano dane statystyczne dotyczące organizacji imprez biegowych w Polsce.
EN
In the twenty-first century recreational running has been taken up and practised by people virtually on a global scale. Since 2013, jogging has become the most popular physical activity among Poles. The main aim of this article is to demonstrate that recreational running is not only a physical activity performed in order to maintain proper physical condition, but also as a „sport for everyone”, it begins to take the status of a specific tourist and sport product – a running event. In this article, running competitions in Torun and supporting events have been selected for the analysis, as well as statistical data has been used concerning the organization of running events in Poland.
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