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PERCEIVED IN-GROUP DENSITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT IN A SAMPLE OF NORTHERN IRISH CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS

100%

Mallet J. , Lewis Christopher A. , Cairns E.

Studia Psychologica

2013

tom 55

nr 3

229 – 246

The “contact hypothesis” suggests that desegregation is good for the minority group members but the view has been challenged by the studies which describing a so-called “ethnic density effect”. This study examined the possibility of an “ethnic density effect” in the context of historical ethno-religious segregation in Northern Ireland. It was hypothesised that the “ethnic density effect” is not simply the result of structural variables, such as ethnic population mix at local community level, but also on individual perceptions of area based ethno-religious group density, perceptions of their local group status and their levels of in-group identification or solidarity. Data from 1000 randomly selected participants were tested for ethno-religious group invariance in the prediction of psychological adjustment, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The results indicated a small direct “ethnic density effect” based on perceptions of religious mix at local level (p < .05). Ethno-religious differences were observed in the relationships between perceived ethnic density and perceived discrimination (p < .05). The “ethnic density effect” reported in some cultural contexts were evident in Northern Ireland and this has implications for policy makers concerned with community relations.

PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE-12 AND ROSENBERG SELF-ESTEEM SCALE IN HUNGARIAN AND SLOVAK EARLY ADOLESCENTS

100%

Sarkova M. , Nagyova I. , Madarasova G. A. , Orosova O. , Middel B. , van D. J. P.

Studia Psychologica

2006

tom 48

nr 1

69-79

The reliability and factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE) were evaluated in samples of Hungarian and Slovak early adolescents. The principal component analyses support the two-factor solution for GHQ-12 with subscales 'depression/anxiety' and 'social dysfunction'. Similarly, the RSE appears to be an instrument with a two-factor structure with subscales 'negative self-esteem' and 'positive self-esteem' in both samples. Reliability analyses of GHQ-12 and RSE total scales show satisfactory results, although the reliability figures of some components is lower. The factor structure of RSE component 'negative self-esteem' is less clear. Researchers need to be aware of the potential problems surrounding the negative item wording and make every effort to ensure that negatively-worded items are carefully constructed and easily interpreted by the population of early adolescents.