Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Hydrosodalite ion exchange in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution

100%

Vaičiukyniene D. , Baltakys K. , Kantautas A.

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tom Vol. 27, No. 2

417--426

EN

The possibility of substituting Na+ ions contained in pure hydrosodalite crystal structure with Ca2+ ions in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution has been examined in the temperature range from 25 °C to 95 °C. It was found that temperature strongly influences the hydrosodalite ion exchange: upon increasing temperature only by 5 °C (from 25 to 30 °C) Ca2+ the time required for Ca2+ions to be incorporated within the hydrosodalite crystal structure is reduced by the factor of 3. With the increase of temperature from 45 °C to 65 °C almost all the Ca2+ ions, initially contained in the Ca(OH)2 solution, become incorporated in the hydrosodalite structure after 5 min However, high temperature has an adverse effect on the sorption process (Ca2+ ions will not be incorporated within the hydrosodalite structure before 10 min have elapsed). Partly reversible ion exchange reactions of hydrosodalite are characteristic at temperatures higher than 30 °C). The structure of hydrosodalite crystals remains stable when performing ion exchange reactions at 25-95 °C temperature.

2

Self-imaging effects in curved gradient index multimode interference structures made by K+-Na+ ion exchange

100%

Błahut M. , Froniewski D.

Optica Applicata

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2009

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tom Vol. 39, nr 3

445-458

EN

The paper presents an analysis of self-imaging phenomena in gradient multimode interference (MMI) structures produced by K+-Na+ ion exchange in glass. This investigation concerned curved MMI structures with various geometries - for the linear, concave function described by an exponential function, and the convex structure connected with a cosine course. The relations derived characterizing the relative shortening of the length of propagation for N-fold images have been confirmed by numerical simulations using the beam propagation method (BPM) of symmetrically excited gradient splitters 1×2.

3

Investigations of multimode interference structures made by ion exchange in glass

100%

Błahut M. , Kasprzak D.

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tom Vol. 33, nr 4

613-626

EN

Experimental results obtained by the visualization method of modal interference in gradient-index multimode interference structures made by Ag+-Na+ and K+-Na+ ion exchange process in glass are presented. The investigation concerns the self-imaging phenomena for symmetrical and paired interference for TE, TM and unpolarized light excitation. A comparison between experimental results obtained and beam propagation method (BPM) simulations is also presented.

4

Removal of Humic Substances from Water by Means of Fibrous Ion Exchanger

80%

Wasąg H.

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 8

229--235

EN

Natural organic substances are found in all natural waters, and especially high concentrations occur in the surface waters. Humic substances, which often constitute the majority of natural pollutants, can be the source of undesirable odor and increased color as well as may accumulate certain toxic substances through sorption or formation of complexes. Another threat connected with the presence of humic substances in water is the possibility of the trihalomethanes (THM) formation during disinfection with chlorine. Additionally, it disturbs most processes employed for treatment of water. Hence, the great interest in the development of the pretreatment methods enabling to reduce the content of humic substances prior to the further water treatment processes. According to many researchers, ion exchange is an effective method for removing humic substances from drinking water supplies. However, the obtained effects are strictly dependent on the properties of the employed ion exchangers. The paper presented the studies on the removal of humic substances from water using fibrous ion exchangers. Owing to their structure, fibrous ion exchangers are characterized by very good kinetics of the sorption process, which enables the application of thin layers with simultaneous high flow velocity. Fiban A-1 – strong base anion fibrous exchanger, synthesized in the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus – was employed in the presented laboratory studies on the treatment of surface water containing substantial amounts of humic substances (over 10 g/m3). The applied anion exchange resin allows for efficient elimination of humic substances from the treated water, whereas the obtained sorption value, reaching approximately 20 mg/g of ion exchanger allowed treating about 255–270 bed volumes of water under the conditions of the experiment. The exhausted Fiban A-1 ion exchanger can be successfully regenerated using 2% NaCl + 2% NaOH solution, as five consecutive operational cycles showed no reasonable decrease in the amount of purified water.

5

Ionnyj obmen v apparatah s psevdoozizennym sloem ionita

80%

Natareev S. , Kocetkov A.

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tom R. 105, z. 2-M

227-241

EN

New mathematical models of ion-exchange process for cleaning solution from ions Cu2+ and Ni2+ in column in fluidized bed resin have been presented. The recommendations of their use for engineering calculations have been given.

6

Microhardness and some fracture related problems in copper doped soda lime silica glass

80%

Suszynska M. , Szmida M.

Optica Applicata

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2008

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tom Vol. 38, nr 1

245-250

EN

A wide range of practical problems requires the knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of doped oxide glasses. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ion exchange and a post-exchange thermal treatment upon Vickers microhardness of a multicomponent soda lime silica (SLS) glass in which the mobile sodium ions have been partially substituted by copper. It has been stated that in dependence of the indentation load, the indentation marks have been accompanied by traces of Palmqvist cracks. The deformation and fracture related phenomena are dependent on the temperature and time of the exchange and annealing processes.

7

Usuwanie NaCl z gliceryny w procesie wymiany jonowej

80%

Warchoł J. , Petrus R. , Carmona M. , Rodriguez J. F.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2008

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tom T. 87, nr 5

613-615

8

Wykorzystanie wymiany jonowej do oczyszczania ścieków

80%

Sanak-Rydlewska S.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2008

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tom T. 87, nr 5

563-565

9

Two-Mode Planar and Channel Polarimetric Difference Interferometer

80%

Gut K.

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tom Vol. 25

101-108

EN

In the paper are presented investigations of planar and channel polarimetric interferometer made by ion exchange in glass for sensor applications. J have determined the dependence of the difference of propagation constants of orthogonal modes of the same order on the refractive index of the cover, for planar waveguides obtained during the ion exchange K+-Na+ in the glass BK-7. Similar measurements have been made for the exchange Ag+-Na+, determining also for that case the influence of heating time on those parameters.

10

Investigating the Attenuation Changes of Modes Guided in Waveguides with Absorbing Cover

80%

Gut K. , Pamuła M.

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2001

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tom Vol. 22

187-196

EN

The paper is summarizing theoretical and experimetal works carried out so far, involving the investigation on the influence of the absorption of the planr waveguide's cover on the attenuation of the guided modes - a phenomenon being a fundamental element for the functioning of optic sensors based on the effect of absorption change af the cover. Theoretical fundamentals of this phenomenon have been discussed, a new measurement methods has been.

11

The Use of Ion Exchange in the Recovery of Vanadium from the Mass of a Spent Catalyst Used in the Oxidation of SO2to SO3

80%

Drużyński S. , Mazurek K. , Białowicz K.

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nr 2

69-73

EN

In the studies on the recovery of vanadium from vanadium catalyst extracts, three types of polymer strongly acidic ion exchangers were used. The ion exchange resins differed in terms of granularity and their ion exchange capacity. As a result, breakthrough curves were made for three main components of the test extract, i.e.: ions of vanadium, iron and potassium. On this basis the optimum conditions for the removal of iron ions from the solution were defined and the technological concept of the process in the semi-technical scale was proposed.

12

The Use of Ion Exchange in the Recovery of Vanadium from the Mass of a Spent Catalyst Used in the Oxidation of SO2 to SO3

80%

Drużyński S. , Mazurek K. , Białowicz K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2014

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tom Vol. 16, nr 2

69--73

EN

In the studies on the recovery of vanadium from vanadium catalyst extracts, three types of polymer strongly acidic ion exchangers were used. The ion exchange resins differed in terms of granularity and their ion exchange capacity. As a result, breakthrough curves were made for three main components of the test extract, i.e.: ions of vanadium, iron and potassium. On this basis the optimum conditions for the removal of iron ions from the solution were defined and the technological concept of the process in the semi-technical scale was proposed.

13

Load dependence of hardness of the doped soda-lime silicate glasses

80%

Suszynska M.

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tom Vol. 42, nr 2

399-406

EN

The aim of the work described was to study the load dependence of micro- and nano-hardness for soda-lime silicate glass doped with some univalent cations. The Fourcault-type glass samples were chemically treated by dipping them in melted baths of KNO3, AgNO3 and CuCl. The nano- and micro-hardness were determined by using the Vickers diamond indenters for applied loads ranging between 0.1 and 500 mN (registered loading and unloading mode), and between 0.2 and 30 N (conventional application of the load), respectively. For the behavior of hardness and Young's modulus (registered nano-indentation) the normal indentation size effect has been observed, but in the low load range of conventionally indented specimens the reverse indentation size effect has been found. The detected size effects were discussed in terms of some empirical models proposed in the literature for crystalline materials. It has been shown that: 1) the Meyer's law is only suitable for describing the nano-indentation characteristics measured in a narrow range of indentation load; 2) the classical Meyer's law and the energy balance model are insufficient for describing the reverse indentation size effect; 3) the difficulties in acquiring accurate and precise micro-hardness readings in the range of low loads can result in the inconformity of experimental data with the empirical models.

14

Wpływ obecności związków występujących w kąpielach do cynkowania na równowagę reakcji wymiany jonowej H+/Zn2+

80%

Jóźwiak A. , Rudnicka A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2006

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tom T. 85, nr 8-9

1020-1023

PL

Zbadano wpływ związków obecnych w kąpielach do cynkowania na równowagę reakcji wymiany jonowej H+/Zn2+ na żelowym Amberlite IR 120 i makroporowatym Dowex Maraton MSC. Wyznaczono współczynniki podziału i stechiometryczności reakcji wymiany jonowej H+/Zn2+ w warunkach statycznych w temp. 22°C. Stwierdzono, że reakcja ta przebiega w sposób niestechiometryczny. Stwierdzono również, że obecność NH4Cl, Al2(SO4)3 i H3BO3 w wodach popłucznych z procesu cynkowania powoduje obniżenie współczynników podziału Zn2+ i pogarsza proces wymiany jonów Zn2+. Porównując otrzymane wyniki dla obu jonitów, stwierdzono ich przydatność, przy czym makroporowaty Dowex Maraton MSC okazał się bardziej wydajny w porównaniu z żelowym Amberlite IR 120, ale jego regeneracja wymaga dwukrotnie bardziej stężonego kwasu siarkowego.

EN

An effect of NH4Cl, Al2(SO4)3 and H3BO3 present in galvanizing baths on equilibrium of H+/Zn2+ ion exchange on gelous Amberlite IR 120 and macroporous Dowex Marathon MSC was studied to determine the partition and stoichiometry coefficients for the H+/Zn2+ ion exchange under static conditions at 22æC. The exchange proceeds in a non-stoichiometric way. The presence of studied compounds in plating in rinsewater from the zinc plating resulted in a decrease in Zn2+ partition coefficients and a deterioration of Zn2+ ion exchange. Both ion exchangers could be used for removal of Zn2+ ions from the plating rinsewater. The macroporous Dowex Marathon MSC was more efficient than the gelous Amberlite IR 120, however, its regeneration require twice more concentrated sulphuric acid.

15

Planar gradient tapered wavequide in glass

80%

Rogoziński R.

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tom Vol. 9, No. 3

326-330

EN

The paper presents fabrication technology of planar gradient tapered wavequide structures using the ion exchange technique in glass. Theoretical predictions of model properties have been compared with experimental results. Application possibilities of these wavequides in sensor related techniques have been pointed too.

16

Multimode interference wavequide structures made by ion exchange in glass and their applications in passive elements technology

80%

Błahut M.

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tom Vol. 9, No. 3

356-358

EN

In the paper we presented numerical studies of gradient index optical splitters made in a multimode inference technology by K+ - Na+ ion exchange process. The influence of geometrical parameters of multimode interference structure and technological process parameters is examined in numerical simulations and gradient index optical wavequide splitters are proposed for photonic applications.

17

Influence of acid activation on the ion-exchange properties of manisa-gordes clinoptilolite

80%

Yorukoglu A.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2012

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tom Vol. 48, iss. 2

591-598

EN

In this study, the possibilities of using Manisa-Gördes district tuffs having important deposits rich of clinoptilolites have been investigated for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewaters. Adsorption of ammonium and metal cations such as Pb++, Cu++, Cd++ and Zn++ ions from aqueous solution onto sulphuric, hydrochloric and nitric acid activated samples were studied. Experimental data were obtained from batch equilibrium tests on samples activated at different acid concentrations at two different size fractions. It has been found that selectivity of the zeolite is sequentially Pb++ > NH4 + > Cu++, Cd++ > Zn++. Experimental results show that the NH4 + ion exchange capacity of 95 meq/100 g for the raw material can be increased to 140 meq/100 g after activation with sulphuric acid. In general, acid activation was observed to increase the ion exchange capacity, sulphuric acid responding better than hydrochloric and nitric acids.

18

Chlorates(VII) removal on Dowex™PSR-2 resin

80%

Kołodyńska D. , Łyko A. , Gęca M. , Hubicki Z.

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nr 1

EN

Lately there has been observed the increased presence of chlorates(VII) in the natural environment which can affect human health negatively. Therefore the removal of chlorate(VII) ions using the gel type resin functionalized with the tri-n-butyl ammonium (Dowex™PSR-2) from waters was studied. The main aim was to evaluate the effects of experimental conditions including contact time, initial solution concentration, pH and temperature on chlorate(VII) ions removal as well as the anion exchanger properties on chlorate(VII) ions sorption. It was found that only the pseudo second order model described the experimental data well and the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step. According to the Freundlich model, the qe value was to be 69.26 mg/g at optimum conditions (pH 7.0 at 25 oC).

19

Określanie zdolności jonowymiennej skał CEC na rdzeniach metodą kolorymetryczną przy zastosowaniu chlorku kobaltoheksaminy

80%

Kotwicki A. , Zalewska J. , Derkowski A.

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tom nr 137

571-577

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metodę oznaczania wskaźnika wymiany jonowej CEC na rdzeniach metodą kolorymetryczną, przy zastosowaniu chlorku kobaltoheksaminy. Na podstawie artykułów opublikowanych przez Ch. Bardona z Francuskiego Instytutu Naftowego (IFP), w Zakładzie Geofizyki Wiertniczej INiG, zbudowano stanowisko pomiarowe, opracowano metodykę i procedurę badawczą. Następnie wykonano badania testowe na próbkach piaskowców w formie rdzeników walcowych. Otrzymane wyniki CEC porównano z wynikami uzyskanymi metodą tradycyjną na próbkach zmielonych. Tak jak się spodziewano, wartości wskaźnika wymiany jonowej wykazały spore różnice.

EN

In the paper was presented calorimetric method of determination of ion-exchange capacity CEC carried out on core samples of rock using hexamine cobalt chloride. On the basis of technical papers by Ch. Bardon from French Petroleum Institute (IFP), test stand and methodology have been developed in the Department of Well Logging. Then, measurements of sandstone core samples have been carried out. Results have been compared with those obtained using traditional method for ground samples and, as was expected, values of ion-exchange capacity show significant differences.

20

Development of New Water Deoxidization Systems for Heat and Power Plants

70%

Shabliy T. , Gomelya M. , Pohrebennyk V. , Ivanenko O. , Nosachova Y.

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tom Vol. 23, nr 1

193--205

EN

The analysis of water conditioning methods for closed water supply systems was carried out in the work. The expediency of using redoxites based on ion exchange materials to combat the corrosion processes in water recirculation systems by preliminary deoxidation of water was shown. Modified KU-2–8, Dowex Mac-3, AB-17–8, Dowex Marathon WBA, AMBERLITE IRA 96 ion exchange resins were used as deoxidizing materials.