Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Historia społeczna: 20 lat po przełomie

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Żarnowski J.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

191-215

EN

In the West the crisis of social history began much earlier due to a postmodern ciriticism of the paradigms of historiography from 1950–1970. In Poland the lack of trust towards social history was additionally intensified by the attempts of the communist party to render it a counterbalance to inconvenient political history. Studies on this aspect of the past, however, were not suspended after 1989, but the limits of social history still remain unclear since at present it does not possess a single dominating methodology. Today, social history is rather a collection of diverse interests, whose object is society although even the definition of the latter concept is ambiguous. The author conducted a survey of the state of research into the discussed domain in Poland in 1989–2009. He deals with the Middle Ages and modern times, listing pertinent publication series, and considers works about the social history of the nineteenth century, mentioning, i.a. the recently issued three-volume history of the intelligentsia edited by Jerzy Jedlicki. Finally, he discusses an epoch that is the focus of his own research work, i.e. the twentieth century, paying separate attention to the interwar period. The following remarks have been devoted to research concerning Polish society during the communist era – a topic that continues to stir political emotions. Contemporary research treats socio-economic problems and those with an anthropological tinge as equally making part of contemporary broad-sense social history. The future shape of this discipline can only inspire loose suppositions.

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Z tradic české historické balkanistiky

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Stastny V.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2007

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tom 32

287-296

EN

The beginning of Balkan Studies is connected with major territorial, social and political changes in the Balkans in the second half of the 19th century. In the Czech environment, Balkan Studies were mixed up with interest in Slavic issues to a large extent. The founding personality was Konstantin Jirecek (1854-1918), one of the co-creators of Balkan Studies on the international level. Unfortunately, as he did not live in the Czech environment, he did not educate his Czech followers. This task was fulfilled by Jaroslav Bidlo (1868-1937) who integrated Balkan Studies into his concept of the studies of the history of Slavs in Eastern and South-eastern Europe. The development of Balkan Studies strengthened after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, partly due to political motives. Two followers of Bidlo played a crucial role in the further development: Milada Paulova (1891-1970) in Prague and Josef Macurek (1901-1992), who later established a course in Balkan Studies at Masaryk University in Brno.

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Recepcja poglądów ekonomicznych Zachodu w Polsce do przełomu XIII i XIV w. – stan badań

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Obara A.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

13-29

EN

The article presents the findings made by Polish historians as regards the dissemination and acceptance of European mediaeval thought on Polish soil. The beginnings of studies by Polish scholars dealing with assorted problems connected with the economy go back to the second half of the nineteenth century, and Stanislaw Smolka is regarded as one of the first historians who drew attention to the significance of this issue. The interests of the Polish historians were concentrated chiefly on explaining certain mechanisms ruling the economy and on recording the functioning of its practical symptoms. Pertinent Polish literature either neglected or relegated to the margin the reception of West European views about the economy in Poland during the Middle Ages. Inquiries whether and to what degree did foreign ideas influence the economic transformations occurring during the Middle Ages in Poland pertained mainly to such phenomena as the rights of the monarch in relation to the property of the subjects, the right to establish and collect taxes, usury or monetary questions.

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POUR UNE HISTORIOGRAPHIE ENGAGÉE: OR WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS

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Koerner E. F. K.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2005

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tom 47

109-117

EN

The present paper intends to voice a series of critical observations based on the author's thirty-five years in the field, while at the same time offering a number of suggestions as to how the history of linguistics may improve its scholarship, and its image. Several years ago, members of the Henry Sweet Society got to read a lengthy quotation from Frederick Neumeyer's introduction to his 1996 book 'Generative Linguistics: A historical perspective' in which he reports that many of his colleagues 'feared that (he) would become tarred with the brush of being an 'historian of linguistics', who, (-), occupy a status level even lower than that of a 'semiotician' ' (HSS Bulletin 26.25). Newmeyer explained 'That this attitude results from the belief that most people who write on the history of linguistics have only the most minimal training in modern linguistics and devote their careers to attempting to demonstrate that their pet medieval grammarian or philosopher thought up some technical term before somebody's else's pet medieval grammarian or philosopher' (1996: 2). This is no doubt a caricature of what most of us have been doing during the past twenty and more years, but the suspicion may be lurking that on some aspects Newmeyer's friends may not have been entirely off the mark. One does not have to share Rüdiger Schreyer's more recent assessment either according to which 'nobody takes much interest in, or notice of, linguistic historiography - nobody in the big world beyond the ivory towers (of academe) and nobody in the linguistic community that is the natural habitat of the linguistic historiographer' (2000: 206), and maybe this would be too much to expect: 'beyond the ivory towers' even Noam Chomsky would not have become as widely known had he not become a critic of US foreign policy. Peter Schmitter is no doubt right in saying that it is not enough to write 'intelligent treatises on the necessity and usefulness of historiographic research', but his concession (Schmitter 2003a: 214) that he himself has no concrete proposal to make as to how to remedy the situation is not too encouraging. It may well be that many practitioners of linguistic historiography have become too self-satisfied and inward looking over the years, given the availability of three journals, several bulletins, an ever-increasing number of colloquia, conferences, and other international meetings around the world. It seems to me that there is enough blame to go around. One may be more inclined to share Peter Schmitter's disappointment that the findings of linguistic historiography have not successfully entered into textbooks, dictionaries of linguistic terminology, and other such places.

5

Revolution and the Meaning of History. An Essay on the Myth of the Revolutionary Break and the 'Logic' of History in Historiographical Thought

100%

Tinkova D.

Dějiny - Teorie - Kritika (History - Theory - Criticism)

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2004

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tom 1

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nr 1

30-58

EN

The essay explores the interpretation of the French Revolution as symbolic break between 'traditional' and 'modern' society in 19th - and 20th-century historiography. The revolution, seen as a 'crossroads of history' by its participants at the time, whether supporters or opponents, forced thinkers to look for answers to the question of the direction, progress, continuity or discontinuity of the historical 'process'. I have tried to (re) construct several key interpretational schema that in turn were conditioned by political-ideological orientations. Basically there were four lines or 'stories' - conservative, liberal, republican and socialist. The 'conservative' version (from Burke to Gaxotti) rejected the revolution as a pathological phenomenon that deviated from the logic of the current of history. The liberal line more or less accepted the revolution, but only its first phase regarded as a revolution of freedom (1789-92), from which liberalism derived its own legitimacy; it rejected the 'democratic' phase of the revolution - the Terror - as a deviation from the logic of the (beneficial) revolution itself. Republican historiography emphasised and praised the initial phase of the First Republic (1792-95), in this way providing support for the legitimising foundation of the Third Republic. Socialist historiography (especially in the 20th century) encouraged favourable re-evaluation of the period of Jacobin dictatorship and thus provided a logical link between the French Revolution and the Soviet Revolution. The final section of the article is devoted to Francois Furet, one of several contemporary historians who have tried to interpret the revolution in a different way that cuts right across the political spectrum (with a mention of the fact that in recent years yet more alternative ways of bridging the classic ideological-political views of the revolution have emerged).

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Chłop polski w teorii i praktyce

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Łuczewski M.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2009

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tom 69

169-190

EN

The intention of this article is to analyze the state of research about the peasants and the nation upon the example of the most relevant publications from the last decade. At the same time, the article indicates three prime problems faced by the researchers: the connection of theory and empirical quantities, the formulation of good definitions (conceptualization), and suitable explanations. First and foremost, it was proved that the process of joining theory and empirical quantities has not been resolved properly; at the same time, emphasis has been placed on valuable exceptions (Mędrzecki, Olszewski, Bończa-Tomaszewski). Second, similarly critical assessments relate to definitions created in the analysed works. Even the most sophisticated proposal, i.e. the one made by Struve (subjective identification, objective national identity), is still insufficient to reflect the complicated nature of national phenomena, since it does not take into consideration the national discourse. Third, against this background the explanation of national processes appears to be even more complicated. True, researchers have created numerous interesting descriptive typologies (Kieniewicz, Mędrzecki), but such difficult problems as linking objective and subjective factors, micro- and macro-analyses and diachronic and synchronic dimensions still have to be resolved; the same holds true for the construction of a complete explanation that would encompass the social context and relations between social subjects and cognitive processes. Each of the discussed publications proposes its own solution of these problems, but does not elucidate all in a satisfactory manner.

7

On the Turn Towards Things in the Contemporary Humanities (Towards Non-anthropocentric History)

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Domanska E.

Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych

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2005

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tom 65

7-23

EN

The article discusses the so-called turn towards things, which became apparent in British and American humanities at the end of the 1990s. Interest in things has a long tradition, but the research questions addressed to things as well as assorted approaches and methods of their analysis have undergone changes. By following the example of Bruno Latour, numerous present-day researchers indicate that things should not be treated as passive subjects, dependent upon people, but as legitimate members of the human and non-human community which, albeit deprived of intention and consciousness, do possess a specific agency. In analysing texts by Igor Kopytoff, Cornelius Holtorf and Andrew Jones, which constitute examples of a biographic approach towards things, the authoress demonstrates that it contains discernible features characteristic of traditional epistemology: a personification of things, which is an expression of anthropocentrism, together with genealogical and genetic thinking. The biographical approach, however, is accompanied by an interesting proposal of ascribing agency to things, i.e. the impact exerted by things upon the establishment and transformation of interpersonal relations. Generally speaking, the relation between things and people becomes redefined, and objects are granted the status of active participants in the life processes in which they not only exist, but also act. The thing appears to be 'relational', and prime research emphasis is placed on studying relations and not things as such. We are dealing, therefore, with thinking in the categories of differences between man and thing, although this is a hierarchic difference, in which man constitutes a point of reference and an exemplary way in which the thing should be perceived. The 'turn towards things' thus entails a certain paradox: on the one hand, the thing is conceived as 'the other' about which biographies are written, and hence is subjected to anthropomorphisation; on the other hand, 'spokesmen of the thing' seek possibilities for departing from the anthropocentric and personifying perception or one which treats things as fetishes.

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Historiografie prvního století dějin pražské university v evropské perspektivě Františka Šmahela

80%

Pesek J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2008

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tom 106

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nr 2

375-383

EN

This review article deals with the research into the history of Charles University from its founding in 1348 to the mid-15th century as reflected by the rich and substantial historiographical works of Frantisek Smahel, whose Selected Studies were published last year.

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El concepto de perífrasis verbal: su origen y datos historiográficos

80%

Zieliński A.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2009

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tom 8

111-120

EN

The main objective of this study is to analyse the evolution of the concept of verbal periphrasis from an old rhetorical figure to the modern and complex grammatical category, which is present in every Roman Language.

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THE NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF POLISH PEASANTS IN THE 19th CENTURY AS SEEN BY THE 20th CENTURY HISTORIANS

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Krisan M.

Historyka studia metodologiczne

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2004

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tom 34

123-141

EN

Polish historiography of the end of 19th and beginning of 20th centuries did not pay much attention to the question of national consciousness among peasants. This problem became a research topic for historians only in the 1960s. The authoress tries to find an answer to this phenomenon: why did this very problem become attractive for historians at that very time and why was the research discontinued soon afterwards. She also discusses the changes in the understanding of national consciousness among Polish historians.

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Od reorganizace k reorganizaci. Role časopisu Byzantinoslavica ve vývoji české byzantologie v letech 1945–1970

80%

Havlíková L.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2012

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tom 98

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nr 1-2

189-207

EN

The author’s intention is to present an overview of the history of the Czech Byzantine studies after the Second World War based on the archival documents, because this topic was not examined yet in the Czech historiography. The post-war reality and changes of political system in Czechoslovakia after February 1948 were negative reflected in the Czechoslovak byzantinology. The author describes a situation on the field of Czech Byzantine studies in Prague between the years 1945 and 1970, in which the Byzantine studies, including history, history of art, philology, philosophy, and archaeology, were studied in the Slavonic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences suspended in 1963, and at the Charles University in Prague. She dedicates a man part of her contribution to the explication of the importance of Byzantinoslavica, the international journal for Byzantine studies, in the post-war Czech byzantinology and history and the importance of Byzantine studies for the cultural and scientific development European nations and peoples.

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Gajusz Waleriusz Maksymus czyli historia moralizująca,jej losy w dawnych epokach oraz polski przekład IV 1-15

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Lewandowski I.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2014

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nr 9

197-218

PL

Based on Facta et dicta memorabilia by Valerius Maximus, the author discusses a type of moralising history in the ancient times and selected examples of its fates in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque periods in Europe,Poland in particular. The quoted translations of excerpts from Book IV indicate the need to effect a Polish translation of the text.

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K PROBLEMATIKE DEFINÍCIE POJMU FAŠIZMUS, „NOVÉHO KONSENZU“ A VÝVOJA V BÁDANÍ O FAŠIZME

80%

Drábik J.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 4

695 – 718

EN

The Slovak historiography has been stubbornly ignoring the progress that has been made in fascist studies in recent years. This article seeks to provide an overview of the development in comparative fascist studies, with an emphasis on the “new consensus” historians. The main focus is on Roger Griffin’s definition of fascism as a genus of political ideology, whose mythic core in its various permutations is a palingenetic form of populist ultra-nationalism. This article also argues that, if properly used, Griffin’s definition can provide a valuable heuristic tool for recognizing and analysing fascist movements.

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IMRICH ESTERHÁZI A JEHO HISTORIOGRAFIA PRI VÝSKUME DEJÍN UMENIA

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Orviská K.

ARS

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2022

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tom 55

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nr 2

169 - 181

EN

Imrich Esterházi is one of the most important patrons of the 18th century yet his patronage in present-day Slovakia, Hungary and Croatia has not been analysed. Detailed iconological research on his commissions is lacking as well. The aim of this study is to summarize and briefly analyse his extensive, but still not comprehensively processed, historiography. The latter constitutes the basis for further research, especially in the field of iconology and patronage, and thus will be able to make future research faster and easier. I will focus on literary and archival sources related to the person of the Primate, most of which are still unknown in our region.

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HISTORIAN ARISTODEMOS AND BYZANTINE COPYISTS (Historyk Aristodemos i bizantynscy kopisci)

80%

Janiszewski P.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2009

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tom 8

51-63

EN

The article is devoted to the puzzling historian Aristodemos (FGrHist 104), whowrote a complete book on common history at a time which is difficult to define. Two separate summaries have been preserved from it. The former one from Codex Parisinus 607, published in the 19th century, includes a description of events from the battle at Salamina until the outbreak of Peloponnesian war (480-431 B.C.). The latter one which comes from Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 2469, published in 1962, includes a fragment devoted to events preceding the battle of Plataea in 479 B.C. The article is an attempt to define the relations between the two extracts as well as their relation to the lost original text by Aristodemos. Moreover, it indicates that the extract from Codex Parisinus, mixed with fragments of The Life of Apollonius of Tyana by Philostratos and medical recipes is probably a copyist's exercise, practicing his writing technique. As the initial analysis of the preserved fragments of Aristodemos's writings shows, he was not only a historian, but also an erudite, aspiring to complete the reports of Herodotus, Thucydides and other classic historiographers, living probably in Hellenist times (3-1st century B.C.).

16

THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN GERMAN AND DUTCH HISTORIOGRAPHY OVER THE NETHERLANDS' PLACE AND ROLE IN EUROPE (Spór miedzy historiografia niemiecka i holenderska o miejsce i role Holandii w Europie)

80%

Napierala P.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2010

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nr 4(337)

EN

In the Dutch historiography from 18th Century on we can perceive a clear tendency to present the history of the United Provinces as specific process typical only for this country and nation, whereas in 19th Century Germany many historians were of an opinion that both the Dutch and Germans are a part of a one Germanic family (deustche Voelker) who should not only cooperate with each other, but also write their history as history of the Reich. During the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands attempts were made to reestablish the frames of the Dutch historiography to make it compatible with all the main processes typical for the history of the whole body of Germanic nations and the history of the Reich. After WWII the big differences between Dutch and German historical processes were to be highlighted.

17

K VYBRANÝM ASPEKTOM VLASTNÉHO ŽIVOTOPISU JÁNA FRANCISCIHO

80%

Szentésiová L.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2011

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tom 58

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nr 6

522 – 537

EN

The aim of study is to analyse essential poet logical aspect of Jan Francisci’s autobiography. Already published source materials and narratological and historiographical secondary literature were used in the process of composing the study. It is mainly focused on the problem of vague genre status of the text in which structure autobiographical and historiographical narrative strategies are alternating. The most substantial issue is the transformation process of historiographical techniques into the text with autographical frameworks and the technique of modification of historiographical perspective into subjective (autobiographical) form in this type of texts. Interpretations which explain subject matter and topic of this text result from the problem mentioned above. The second substantial problem is subjects capturing and its role in the text since it is one of the crucial categories with respect to genre. According to the analyses mentioned in the study the subject captured in Vlastný životopis (My Autobiography) appears peripheral, de-psychologized, without adequate individual attributes and thus as a subject without a concept of autonomous identity. Peripheral status of subject in Francisci’s Autobiography is closely related to predominant historical and social context which represents main story line of thinking. Considering this fact we would like to imply the question whether the structure of the text is not closer to memoirs than to autobiography. Besides these the study touches upon a category of narrator, his competency and position in relation to the reader.

18

Troubles with the origin: Gustave Flaubert's 'Hérodiade'

80%

Sniedziewski P.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2007

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nr 3(105)

192-205

EN

Gustave Flaubert was critical against the nineteenth-century epistemology of history, consistently debunking the weak aspects of our thinking about the past. Of special importance in this context are the writer's doubts regarding the myth of the 'origin', as expressed in his 'Hérodiade'. In this sense, Flaubert's novella is a story on the 'origin' of Christian culture and religion. However, we can spot therein three main mechanisms, used by the French author to undermine the absolute meaning of the'origin' and to develop his own historic writing model (starting with attempted authentication of the text, through deconstructing the story, up to awareness of discontinuity and incompleteness of any narrative on the past). This makes of Flaubert a modernist historiographer in whose opinion there is an 'origin' - which is not history, but rather, a myth.

19

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF POLISH IMMIGRATION: A PROSPECTIYE ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDIES ABOUT RIO GRANDE DO SUL - BRASIL

80%

Wenczenovicz T. J.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2012

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tom 38

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nr 4(146)

83-102

EN

This article presents an analysis of the studies on Polish immigration in Rio Grande do Sul, placing them in an the interethnic context, which firstly, is specific to this host society, and secondly, affects both the visibility of different groups and the intellectual production about them. The works are in part authored by the descendants of the immigrants from the group itself, i.e. by those who are recognized and who recognize themselves as "Polish". This study also aims at reviewing some interpretations of this historiography, emphasizing certain factors, such as: the economic developments in the occupied areas and the role of the urban immigrants; the frameworks of comparative studies on the German and Italian people; the influence the immigrants' states of origin had over the communities; and the presence of ethnic Jews among the Polish people.

20

Российская историография Второй мировой войны после крушения коммунистического режима: традиции и ревизия

80%

Maryina V. V.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2010

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tom 18

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nr 1

155-183

EN

The fundamental changes taking place in Russian historiography after the fall of the Communist regime are dealt with and analyzed. The authoress concentrates primarily on highly delicate issues, namely the outbreak and the events during the first years of World War II. Although the Russian archives have been made available to the public and a number of document editions and new publications have appeared, this topic continues to be a hot problem of modern Russian history. Attention was mostly paid to the period of 1939-1941 and to the circumstances of the attack on the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany. Therefore, this period and its events continue attracting the attention of Russian historians, while the gap in the debate between the two main streams existing in today's Russian historiography, the 'Conservatives' and the 'Liberals', is deepening. Traditionally, most attention is paid to military operations, while some hot topics have not been adequately studied yet, such as the situation in the rear of the Soviet side, repressive measures against Soviet citizens, expulsion of whole ethnic groups to harsh regions in Siberia, logistic problems with supplies for the Soviet Army, causes of failure of a number of military operations, etc. Thus, the Russian historiography of modern history still faces many complex tasks to cope with in a responsible way.