Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Dark ingredients in one drop

100%

Dymnikova I. , Galaktionov E.

Open Physics

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2011

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tom 9

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nr 3

644-653

EN

A unified description of dark ingredients is realized by a vacuum dark fluid defined by symmetry of its stress-energy tensor and allowed by General Relativity. The symmetry is reduced compared with the maximally symmetric de Sitter vacuum, which makes vacuum dark fluid essentially anisotropic and allows its density and pressure to evolve. It represents distributed vacuum dark energy by a time-evolving and spatially inhomogeneous cosmological term, and vacuum dark matter by gravitational vacuum solitons which are regular gravitationally bound structures without horizons (dark particles or dark stars), with the de Sitter centre (Λδki) in de Sitter space (λδki).

2

WIMP event rates in directional experiments: The diurnal variation signature

100%

Vergados J. , Moustakidis C.

Open Physics

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2011

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tom 9

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nr 3

628-643

EN

The recent WMAP data have confirmed that exotic dark matter together with the vacuum energy (cosmological constant) dominate in the flat Universe. Modern particle theories provide viable cold dark matter candidates with masses in the GeV-TeV region. All such candidates will be called WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). The nature of dark matter can only be unraveled by its direct detection in the laboratory. In this work we present some theoretical elements relevant to the direct dark matter detection experiments, paying particular attention to directional experiments, i.e. experiments in which not only the energy but the direction of the recoiling nucleus is observed. Since the direction of observation is fixed with respect to the Earth, while the Earth is rotating around its axis, in a directional experiment the angle between the direction of observation and the Sun’s direction of motion will change during the day. So, since the event rates sensitively depend on this angle, the observed signal in such experiments will exhibit very interesting and characteristic periodic diurnal variation.

3

Cosmological implications of the tetron model of elementary particles

80%

Lampe B.

Open Physics

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2010

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tom 8

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nr 5

771-781

EN

Based on a possible solution to the tetron spin problem, a modification of the standard Big Bang scenario is suggested, where the advent of a space-time manifold is connected to the appearance of tetronic bound states. The metric tensor is constructed from tetron constituents and the reason for cosmic inflation is elucidated. Furthermore, there are natural dark matter candidates in the tetron model. The ratio of ordinary to dark matter in the universe is calculated to be 1:5.

4

A Possible Planetary Event OGLE-2002-BLG-055

80%

Jaroszyński M. , Paczyński B.

Acta Astronomica

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2002

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tom Vol. 52, No. 4

361--367

EN

The microlensing event OGLE-2002-BLG-055 has a single, but very reliable data point, deviating upward from a single source microlensing light curve by 0.6 mag. The simplest interpretation calls for a binary lens with a strong parallax effect and the mass ratio in the range of 0.01-0.001, putting the companion in the Jupiter mass range. Given only a single deviant point it is impossible to fit a unique model. We propose a modification of the OGLE observing strategy: instant verification of reality of future deviant points, followed by frequent time sampling, to make a unique model fit possible.

5

AdS braneworld with backreaction

80%

Bilić N. , Tupper G.

Open Physics

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2014

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tom 12

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nr 3

147-159

EN

We review the tachyon model derived from the dynamics of a 3-brane moving in the AdS5 bulk. The bulk geometry is based on the Randall-Sundrum II model extended to include the radion. The effective tachyon Lagrangian is modified due to the back-reaction of the brane on the bulk geometry.

6

Classical color fields as a dark matter candidate

80%

Dzhunushaliev V.

Open Physics

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2007

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tom 5

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nr 3

342-350

EN

A model of Dark Matter is proposed where the Dark Matter is a classical color field. The color fields are invisible as they may interact with colored elementary particles like the ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopole only. Comparison with the Universal Rotation Curve is carried out.

7

Difference Image Analysis of the OGLE-II Bulge Data. II. Microlensing Events

80%

Woźniak P. R. , Udalski A. , Szymański M. , Kubiak M. , Pietrzyński G. , Soszyński I. , Żebruń K.

Acta Astronomica

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2001

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tom Vol. 51, No. 3

175--219

EN

We present a sample of microlensing events discovered in the Difference Image Analysis (DIA) of the OGLE-II images collected during three observing seasons, 1997-1999. 4424 light curves pass our criteria on the presence of a brightening episode on top of a constant baseline. Among those, 512 candidate microlensing events were selected visually. We designed an automated procedure, which unambiguously selects up to 237 best events. Including eight candidate events recovered by other means, a total of 520 light curves are presented in this work. In addition to microlensing events, the larger sample contains certain types of transients, but is also strongly contaminated by artifacts. All 4424 light curves in the weakly filtered group are available electronically, with the intent of showing the gray zone between microlensing events and variable stars, as well as artifacts, to some extent inevitable in massive data reductions. We welcome suggestions for improving the selection process before the full analysis of complete four seasons of the OGLE-II bulge data. Selection criteria for binary events can also be investigated with our extended sample.

8

O naukowych i filozoficznych implikacjach problemu brakującej masy

70%

Pabjan T.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

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nr 54

5-37

PL

The article deals with the so called missing mass problem which during the last three decades has become one of the most serious difficulties in physics. There is some strong empirical evidence that the Universe contains not only matter that can be seen (by telescopes or radio telescopes) but the huge quantities of the unseen matter as well. The ordinary matter known to physics is but a small part of all matter the Universe is composed of. The missing mass is supposed to be in the form of the dark matter and the dark energy. In the paper the arguments in favor of the existence of these two entities are outlined, and some scientific as well as philosophical implications of the missing mass problem are discussed. It is argued that all the proposed solutions of this problem lead to serious changes in the scientific and philosophical worldview.

9

Actual picture of the law of universal gravitation and the quantum gravity theory describing the real state of the universe

70%

Borowski T.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2013

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tom Vol. 11

44--53

EN

This paper presents the real sense of the classical and quantum theory of gravitation as a component of the actual picture of the universe where the volume, as the size of the expanding universe, approaches infinity, while the total of material masses goes to zero. At present, these two standard theories describe the phenomenon of gravitation but do not explain the very mechanism and the cause of this process. This constant and real lack of information on that subject is consistent with natural laws and the same with the laws of physics, which were already experimentally determined by Werner Heisenberg in 1927. The paper also presents the causes of inability to explain up to the present the actual picture of the essence of the universe.

10

Local Group Velocity Versus Gravity: Nonlinear Effects

70%

Ciecieląg P. , Chodorowski M. , Kudlicki A.

Acta Astronomica

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2001

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tom Vol. 51, No. 2

103--115

EN

We use numerical simulations to study the relation between the velocity of the Local Group (LG) and its gravitational acceleration. This relation serves as a test for the kinematic origin of the CMB dipole and as a method for estimating β≡Ω0.6/b. We calculate the misalignment angle between the two vectors and compare it to the observed value for the PSCz survey. The latter value is beyond the upper limit of the 90% confidence interval for the angle; therefore, the nonlinear effects are unlikely to be responsible for the whole observed misalignment. We also study the relation between the amplitudes of the LG velocity and gravity vectors. In an Ω=1 Universe, the smoothed gravity of the LG turns out to be a biased low estimator of the LG (unsmoothed) velocity. In an Ω=0.3 Universe, the estimator is biased high. The discussed biases are, however, only a few per cent, thus the linear theory works to good accuracy. The gravity-based estimator of the LG velocity has also a scatter that limits the precision of the estimate of β in the LG velocity-gravity comparisons. The random error of β due to nonlinear effects amounts to several per cent.

11

Bezradnost metodologie kosmologie?

60%

Havlík V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

247-266

EN

This paper deals with the testing capabilities of the modern methodology of science in the specific problem area of cosmology. I propose to monitor the responses of selected competing methodologies (Kuhn, Lakatos) on two questions: 1) To what extent are modern methodologies able to cope with the problem area as a descriptive task? and 2) to what extent are modern methodologies able to cope with the problem area as a prescriptive task? In both cases it appears that the tested methodologies find themselves in a quandary when trying to submit answers. The conclusion of the article attempts to show that this quandary remains, in a certain form. However, this does not mean that methodology should give up its fundamental role, ie. the role of being a heuristics in achieving knowledge

12

Quantitative Support for Borowski’s Theory of Gravitation

60%

Persinger M. A.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2013

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tom Vol. 12

67--71

EN

The Borowski Theory of Gravitation (BTG) indicates that movements of mass such as planets through space are determined by differential pressures from dark matter. One of the consequences of the final epoch is that there would be no matter but only distance. Quantitative solutions indicate that the tensor to set universal average dark matter pressure equal to G, the gravitational constant, would require that the terminal length would be ~2.2∙1069 m or effectively identical to current estimates of energy equivalence of the universal mass. For the earth’s orbit the force from the dark pressure is the same order of magnitude as the force associated with the product of the planet’s mass and background free oscillations whose origins are still ambiguous. The convergences of solutions suggest that the BTG may reveal alternative interpretations and mechanisms for the role of gravitation in planetary motion.

13

A practical model of growing and rotating black hole like universe

60%

Seshavatharam U. V. S. , Lakshminarayana S.

World Scientific News

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2023

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tom 183

190-209

EN

To merge general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics and to develop a practical model of the observable universe, we make an attempt to replace big bang and inflation concepts by a growing and rotating Planck ball having black hole like properties. We would like to appeal that, black hole and angular velocity concepts seem to play an interesting role in exploring the structural secrets of galaxies and the whole universe. In this context, we would like to emphasize that, true cosmic red shift must be defined as the ratio of loss in energy of photon to the energy of photon at galaxy or lab. As a consequence, in terms of wavelength, photon red shift must be defined as the ratio of change in wavelength to the observed wavelength of photon but not the laboratory wavelength. For the observed value of estimated angular velocity and Hubble parameter are and respectively. Very interesting observation is that,

14

On the gravitodynamics of moving bodies

51%

Mol A.

Open Physics

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2011

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tom 9

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nr 5

1151-1164

EN

In the present work we propose a generalization of Newton’s gravitational theory from the original works of Heaviside and Sciama, that takes into account both approaches, and accomplishes the same result in a simpler way than the standard cosmological approach. The established formulation describes the local gravitational field related to the observables and effectively implements the Mach’s principle in a quantitative form that retakes Dirac’s large number hypothesis. As a consequence of the equivalence principle and the application of this formulation to the observable universe, we obtain, as an immediate result, a value of Ω = 2. We construct a dynamic model for a galaxy without dark matter, which fits well with recent observational data, in terms of a variable effective inertial mass that reflects the present dynamic state of the universe and that replicates from first principles, the phenomenology proposed in MOND. The remarkable aspect of these results is the connection of the effect dubbed dark matter with the dark energy field, which makes it possible for us to interpret it as longitudinal gravitational waves.

15

Tajemnicza ciemna materia: aksjony coraz trudniejsze do wykrycia

51%

Nowina Konopka M.

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2018

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tom z. 1

47--49

PL

Ciemna materia stanowi relikt termiczny Wielkiego Wybuchu. Jej istnienie jest obecnie dominującym wytłumaczeniem obserwowanych anomalii w rotacji galaktyk oraz ruchu galaktyk w gromadach. Ciemnej materii poszukuje się obecnie w trzech kierunkach. Zgodnie z jedną koncepcją ciemna materia jest zwykłą materią barionową (złożoną z protonów i neutronów), takie obiekty nazywamy MACHO. Według drugiej to nieznane cząstki elementarne zwane WIMP-ami. Ważną możliwość, stanowią aksjony – neutralne cząstki ciemnej materii, o bardzo małej masie. Intensywne badania są prowadzone zarówno jako nowe eksperymenty jak i poprzez analizę dawnych danych. Wszystkie nowe wyniki elektryzują świat fizyków.

EN

Dark matter is the thermal relic of the Big Bang. Its existence is currently the dominant explanation for the observed anomalies in the rotation of galaxies and the movement of galaxies in clusters. Nowadays, dark matter is being sought in three directions. According to one concept, dark matter is ordinary baryon matter (composed of protons and neutrons), such objects are called MACHO. According to the second, these are unknown elementary particles called WIMPs. An important possibility are the axions - neutral particles of dark matter, with a very low mass. Intensive research is conducted as new experiments and analysis of old data. All new results electrify the world of physicists.

16

The new theory of gravitation representing the movement of planets

51%

Borowski T.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2012

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tom Vol. 1

1-5

EN

In this paper, a theory of the phenomenon of planetary circulation around the Sun is presented, as well as the stability of solar systems is explained. This theory describes the circulation of planets and Rother mass-holding bodies around the Sun as a phenomenon consisting in the principle of differentia pressure in solar systems and thus excludes gravitation phenomenon as the phenomenon of attraction.

17

The theory of the Newton’s law of universal gravitation as a phenomenon of repulsion describing the proper state of the existing universe

51%

Borowski T.

World Scientific News

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2019

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tom 119

218-223

EN

The paper describes the logical and at the same time the proper theory of the Newton’s law of universal gravitation in the universe. It presents the observed principles of “attraction” as a phenomenon of repulsion based on the difference of dark matter pressure. This paper proves in theory that the phenomenon of “gravitation”, as a phenomenon of attraction, does not exist (no mechanisms) and is mistakenly confused with the phenomenon of repulsion.

18

Co nowego w CERN?

51%

Nowina-Konopka M.

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2023

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tom z. 2

2--6

PL

W listopadzie 2022 r. CERN podpisał umowę ze Szpitalem Uniwersyteckim w Lozannie (CHUV) i firmą technologii medycznej THERYQ na opracowanie nowatorskiego urządzenia do radioterapii „FLASH”. Urządzenie – pierwsze tego rodzaju i oparte na technologii CERN – będzie wykorzystywać elektrony o bardzo wysokiej energii (VHEE) do leczenia nowotworów opornych na konwencjonalne metody, przy zmniejszonych skutkach ubocznych. Obecnie ok. jedna trzecia nowotworów jest oporna na konwencjonalną radioterapię. Fizycy potrafią uzyskać w akceleratorach cząstek lekkie antyatomy, jak antyhel czy antydeuter. Dotychczas jednak nie zaobserwowano ich w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Tymczasem z modeli teoretycznych wynika, że antyatomy, podobnie zresztą jak antyprotony, mogą powstawać zarówno w wyniku zderzeń promieniowania kosmicznego z materią międzygwiezdną, jak i podczas wzajemnej anihilacji cząstek antymaterii. Sygnałów takich poszukuje m.in. zbudowany przez CERN spektrometr AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer) zainstalowany na Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej. Airbus UpNext, spółka zależna należąca w całości do Airbusa, oraz CERN, Europejskie Laboratorium Fizyki Cząstek, rozpoczęły projekt mający na celu ocenę, w jaki sposób nadprzewodnictwo może przyczynić się do dekarbonizacji przyszłych systemów lotniczych. Demonstrator Super-Conductor for Aviation with Low Emissions (SCALE) ma na celu promowanie adaptacji i wdrażania technologii nadprzewodników w lotniczych systemach dystrybucji energii elektrycznej. Bozon W, podstawowa cząstka przenosząca naładowane oddziaływanie słabe, był przedmiotem nowych precyzyjnych pomiarów jego masy w eksperymencie ATLAS w CERN. Wstępny wynik, przedstawiony w nowej notatce konferencyjnej zaprezentowanej na konferencji Rencontres de Moriond, opiera się na ponownej analizie próbki 14 mln kandydatów na bozony W, wyprodukowanych w zderzeniach proton-proton w Wielkim Zderzaczu Hadronów (LHC), sztandarowym akceleratorze cząstek w CERN.

EN

In November, CERN signed a contract with the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and medical technology company THERYQ to develop a novel "FLASH" radiotherapy device. The device – the first of its kind and based on CERN technology – will use very high energy electrons (VHEE) to treat cancers that are resistant to conventional treatments, with reduced side effects. Currently, about a third of cancers are resistant to conventional radiotherapy. Physicists can obtain light anti-atoms, such as antihelium and antideuterium, in particle accelerators. So far, however, they have not been observed in space. Meanwhile, theoretical models show that antiatoms, similarly to antiprotons, can be formed both as a result of collisions of comic radiation with interstellar matter, and during mutual annihilation of antimatter particles. Looking for such signals, e.g. the CERN-built AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer) instrument installed on the International Space Station. Airbus UpNext, a wholly owned subsidiary of Airbus, and CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, have launched a project to assess how superconductivity can contribute to the decarbonisation of future aviation systems. The Super-Conductor for Aviation with Low Emissions (SCALE) demonstrator aims to promote the adoption and implementation of superconductor technology in aviation electrical power distribution systems. The W boson, a fundamental particle that carries the charged weak force, was the subject of a new precision measurement of its mass by the ATLAS experiment at CERN. The preliminary result, reported in a new conference note presented at the Rencontres de Moriond conference, is based on a reanalysis of a sample of 14 million W boson candidates produced in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN’s flagship particle accelerator.

19

Kreacjonizm młodej Ziemi a koncepcja Big Bangu. Poglądy Johna Hartnetta z konstruktywistycznej i eksternalistycznej perspektywy

31%

Jodkowski K.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

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2015

|

tom 12

37-79

PL

Dr John G. Hartnett, fizyk posiadający publikacje w czasopismach naukowych głównego nurtu, jest kreacjonistą młodej Ziemi i mocno sprzeciwia się teorii Big Bangu. Uważa on, że rozszerzania się przestrzeni, o czym mówi ta teoria, nie wykrywa się w laboratoriach. Wątpi on także, czy tak zwane promieniowanie tła ma kosmiczny charakter. Skłania się ku hipotezom, że promieniowanie to ma lokalne źródło. Także popularne w ostatnich latach idee ciemnej materii i ciemnej energii wydają mu się niewiarygodne. Uważa, że mają one ten sam status metodologiczny, co powstała w połowie dziewiętnastego wieku idea planety Vulcan. Hipotezy ciemnej materii i ciemnej energii mają uratować aktualnie utrzymywane teorie przed niezgodnością z uzyskanymi danymi obserwacyjnymi. W opinii Hartnetta wszystkie kłopotliwe dane empiryczne wyjaśnia Carmeliego teoria grawitacji bez odwoływania się jednak do takich fikcyjnych bytów jak ciemna materia i ciemna energia. Dr Hartnett przedstawia także wszystkie standardowe argumenty przeciwko idei kosmicznej inflacji na początku istnienia Wszechświata: nie istnieje mechanizm ani zapoczątkowania jej, ani później zatrzymania. Poglądy Hartnetta są ilustracją dla argumentów autora na rzecz konstruktywistycznego i eksternalistycznego rozumienia nauki. Przedmiotem teorii naukowej jest pewien konstrukt, a nie obiektywna rzeczywistość. Nauki nie można też pojmować jako neutralnego wysiłku poznawczego, gdyż jest ona mocno zależna od różnych presupozycji i czynników, w tym także o nienaukowym charakterze. Główną presupozycją jest tu tak zwany epistemiczny układ odniesienia.

EN

Dr John G. Hartnett, a physicist with publications in mainstream science journals, is a young-Earth creationist who very fiercely opposes the Big Bang theory on a few levels. He claims that the expansion of space, needed by the theory, is not detectable in laboratories. He also expresses his doubts on the real nature of the cosmic background radiation, and is inclined to advocate that this radiation has a local source. Also, the ideas of dark matter and dark energy, so popular in the recent years, seem to him unreliable. For Hartnett, the abovementioned ideas have the same methodological status as the infamous idea of the planet Vulcan, created in the middle of the 19th century. Dark matter and dark energy are posited in order to save accepted theories that are incompatible with observational data. Hartnett claims that Carmeli’s theory of gravitation explains all the troublesome data without calling upon such fictitious entities as dark matter and dark energy. Dr Hartnett also presents all standard arguments against the idea of cosmic inflation in the beginning of the Universe: there is no mechanism of triggering and stopping the inflation. Hartnett’s views illustrate the author’s arguments for the constructivist and externalist understanding of science. A constructed entity, rather than the objective reality, is the subject of any scientific theory. Science need not be understood as a neutral research effort, because it is deeply dependent on various presuppositions and factors, including non-scientific ones. The so-called epistemic framework is the main presupposition here.