Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Gminny Program Profilaktyki i Rozwiązywania Problemów Alkoholowych jako podstawowa forma realizacji zadań własnych gminy z zakresu profilaktyki i rozwiązywania problemów alkoholowych

100%

Biniasz-Celka D.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2020

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nr 1(29)

71-93

EN

The system of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems used in Poland gives municipalities (gminas), as territorial units, the fundamental role in it. The municipality council is obliged to establish a number of programmes on the basis of the act on municipality self-government, as well as the regulations of other acts, including the Act of 26th October 1982 on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism (A.U.S.C.A.) of the Municipality Programme for Preventing and Resolving Alcohol-related Problems (LCPP&RAP). The programme takes into account the areas of action listed in Article 41 section 1 of the A.U.S.C.A. and the indications included in the recommendations developed by the National Agency for Resolving Alcohol-related Problems. It should be emphasized that the implementation of tasks in the field of preventing and resolving alcohol-related problems under the programme is part of the strategy for resolving social problems, and takes into account the operational objectives set out in the National Health Programme. The regulations of the A.U.S.C.A. also provide the municipality witha significant role in implementing actions to tackle alcohol addiction. The actions are taken on three levels by: (1) appointing a local community committee for resolving problems (Article 41 section 3), (2) determining within resolutions the maximum number of permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages and the rules of locating places of sale and serving alcoholic beverages (Article 12 sections 1–3), (3) issuing permits for the sale of alcohol (Article 18 section 1) and monitoring the legitimacy of using these permits (Article 18 section 8). In addition, the LCPP&RAP provides solutions regarding forms, methods and projects undertaken by the municipality. It is important to note that the municipality self-government, as a result of decentralization of the state, has received extensive competence to conduct its own policy on alcohol-related problems, which is why its role is crucial.

2

The effect of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults

92%

Izabela Krawczyk-Marć I. , Sabina Galiniak S. , Anna Sęk-Mastej A. , Mateusz Marć M. , Stanisław Orkisz S. , Agata Wawrzyniak A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2018

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nr 4

335-340

EN

Introduction. During puberty, the young body undergoes transformation not only within the reproductive and hormonal systems, but also significant changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Matured neural connections improve the integration of distant brain regions, the plasticity of neurons increases, and thus specialization of the brain occurs in the performance of specific tasks. During these transformations, both neurons and the accompanying neuroglia are sensitive to all toxic factors, among which ethanol occupies a special place. It causes an increase in the activity of glial cells, which by directing pro-inflammatory cytokines directly contribute to the death of apoptotic neurons. A long-lasting and irreversible impairment of brain function, especially in the hippocampus occurs as a result of alcohol abuse during the period of development. Aim. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge about the effects of alcohol on neuroglia in the developing brain and in adults. Materials and methods. The literature review of the following databases has been conducted: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link. Conclusions. The results of alcohol research have shown that it affects the neurotransmission and fluidity of cell membranes, changing the activity of neurons. By binding to GABA receptor (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA receptor for glutamate), ethanol suppresses brain function. In addition to increased sensitivity and susceptibility to the addictive effects of ethanol, the neurogeneration activity is intensified followed by the induction and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in the first stage disrupt the cortical function hindering logical thinking and disrupting the limbic system, directly affecting the memory and learning processes. Next, the cerebellum is attacked, which results in the impairment of balance and motor coordination, and consequently acts on the brain stem, directly affecting the respiratory and circulatory control centers.

3

Addictive effects of alcohol

92%

Witek B. , Rochon-Szmejchel D. , Liedke P.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia

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2016

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nr Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia VI (2016)

85-97

4

Serum beta-glucuronidase in colon cancer patients dependent on alcohol and nicotine: preliminary report

92%

Waszkiewicz N. , Zalewska-Szajda B. , Repka B. , Szulc A. , Kępka A. , Chojnowska S. , Dadan J. , Ładny J. , Zwierz K. , Szajda S.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2012

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tom 2

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nr 2

64-69

EN

Introduction: Beta-glucuronidase (GLU) is a lysosomal exoglycosidase involved in the catabolism of glycoconjugates. Excessive GLU activity may be a primary factor in the etiology of colon cancer. The stimulation of glycosidases and other degradative enzyme activity has been noted in cancers as well as in alcohol and nicotine addiction. Purpose: To compare the serum GLU activity between alcohol- and nicotine-dependent colon cancer patients and colon cancer patients without a history of alcohol- and nicotine-dependence. Materials and methods: Material was the serum of 22 colon cancer patients, 11 of whom met alcohol and nicotine dependence criteria. The activity of serum GLU (pKat/ml) was determined by the colorimetric method. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration (ng/ml) in the serum was determined by the immunoenzymatic method. Comparisons between groups were made using the Mann-Whitney “U” test. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between two variables. Results: The activity of serum GLU was significantly higher in colon cancer patients with a history of alcohol and nicotine dependence, than in the colon cancer patients without a history of drinking and smoking (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in the CEA concentration between colon cancer patients with and without a history of drinking and smoking. Conclusion: Alcohol and nicotine addiction may increase the serum GLU activity in all cancer patients, as already seen in colon cancer patients. This may potentially be important for the degradation of pericancerous matrix, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis

5

The Impact of the Selected Attitudes of Drivers on Traffic Safety

92%

Sendek-Matysiak E.

Logistics and Transport

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2016

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tom 31

51-58

EN

Drivers’ self image and perception of other drivers comprise the main road traffic factors under analysis in this paper. The impact of these factors on traffic safety was evaluated through a survey among drivers. The outcome of the survey led to interesting conclusions related primarily to the relationship between drivers’ behaviours and their self-assessment and assessment of others. A negative correlation was demonstrated for the latter factor. The more highly the respondents rate themselves, the less highly they rate the skills of other drivers. The study included a number of comparative analyses dealing, among others, with drink driving.

6

Możliwość sprzedaży alkoholu przez Internet

92%

Kościelny P.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2021

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nr 3(71)

251-263

EN

The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism does not include provisions concerning strictly the retail sale of alcohol via Internet. The author considers that, based on provisions concerning stationary shops (required permits, the closed list of types of shops allowed to sell alcohol), the interpretation prohibiting the sale of alcohol online should be considered appropriate. A similar view can be found in the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court.

7

The Attitude of Students of Academy of Physical Education to Alcohol Consumption

92%

Wójtowicz-Chomicz K. , Czeczuk A. , Huk-Wieliczuk E. , Borzęcki A.

Polish Journal of Public Health

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2015

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tom 124

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nr 4

206-208

EN

Introduction. Alcohol is found to contribute to everyday life of young people. Frequent heavy drinking, violent behavior under influence of alcohol are typical for youths. Unreasonable over-consumption of alcohol might have direct impact on their health in adulthood, as initially controlled amount of alcohol drinking can gradually lead to abuse and further, to alcohol addiction. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and to notify knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol on human body. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 276 fifth-year students (including 206 men and 70 women). Students filled out an anonymous questionnaire containing AUDIT test. Results. Risky model of alcohol consumption was observed among 75.72% of students whereas alcohol-addicted group accounted for 1.81%. The remaining group of students (22.47%) was reported as harmful alcohol consumption model. Beer was the most often consumed alcohol. Conclusions. Abstinence from drinking alcohol is a rarely observed phenomenon among students of the Academy of Physical Education. Future PE teachers should be urgently motivated to educate and to encourage youths about healthy life style.

8

Alkohol, alkoholizm i organizm człowieka

92%

Fronczyk W.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2012

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nr 3

58-66

EN

Our planet Earth, was formed 4,6 billion years ago but the phenomenon of life was not revealed before the creation of water in fluid state and creation of molecular oxygen. One important oxygen compound is ethyl alcohol with its characteristic physical and chemical properties. The Author of the article draws attention to the alcohol metabolism in the human organism and its impact on various organs, systems and tissues, underlining that many issues concerning the biochemical transformations of alcohol remain unexplained.

9

Drug use, smoking, alcohol abuse and assertiveness of medical students from Poland and Belarus

92%

Kułak-Bejda A. , Waszkiewicz N. , Shpakau A. , Bejda G. , Dróżdż-Kubicka E.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2018

|

tom 8(2)

62-69

EN

Introduction: Human health is largely determined by factors such as human behavior and style of life. Purpose: To evaluate selected patterns of behavior of medical students, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, and their assertiveness. Materials and methods: The study included 338 students from Bialystok, Poland, and 339 from Grodno, Belarus. The original questionnaire, Fasterström's Nicotine Addiction Test, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Drug Use Problem Test, and Assertiveness Test according to Grębski were all used. Results: In both groups, the level of cigarette dependence was low, with 10% of the students from Poland and 15% from Belarus being habitual cigarette smokers. No significant differences were found in the frequency of alcohol consumption between Polish (57%) and Belarusian (52%) students. Of the respondents, 3.3% from Poland and 1.5% from Belarus met the criteria of alcohol dependence according to the MAST test. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of drug use between the Polish (1.5%) and Belarusian (1.8%) students. The average level of assertiveness was 16.2 for Polish students and 15.4 for Belarusian students, which was a significant difference. Conclusions: These results indicate similar percentages of Polish and Belarusian students smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and use drugs. In addition, Polish students were more assertive than Belarusian students.

10

Badanie procesu konwersji alkoholi do ETBE

92%

Sikora E. , Ogonowski J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2003

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tom T. 82, nr 8-9

772-774

11

Wyznaczanie współczynników dyfuzji hydrofobowych ekstrahentów i ich kompleksów z miedzią(II) metodą pomiarów dynamiki adsorpcji w modelowych układach ekstrakcyjnych

92%

Staszak K. , Prochaska K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2003

|

tom T. 82, nr 8-9

775-777

12

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome as a complex disability impeding functioning at school among children

92%

Karłowicz A. A.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

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2018

|

tom 571(6)

9-19

EN

The aim of this article is to present the issue of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its impact on the child’s functioning at school. The fact that every third pregnant woman consumes ethanol calls for a discussion. The article describes the teratogenic effects of alcohol on fetal development. It provides information about the physical anomalies both in terms of external appearance and neurological damage, which translate into mental and socio-emotional development of the child. Defi cits resulting from the teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol consumption affect the overall functioning of the child in the school system. They are often the cause of many failures and even prevent the child from mastering the skills covered by the core curriculum, which does not remain without effect on the adult life. Pedagogical work with children affected by this syndrome is a huge challenge for teachers. It requires them to master the outstanding competence and knowledge of the specifi cs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Therefore it is important to talk about this issue and to increase social awareness of the teratogenic effects of alcohol on the fetus.

13

Premature mortality due to alcohol-related diseases of the liver in Poland according to voivodships

92%

Paciej P. , Ciabiada B. , Maniecka-Bryła I.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2017

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nr 3

251-255

14

Alcohol in the lives of students in Poland and Ukraine - research report

92%

Kempińska U. , Rudenko M.

International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies

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2017

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tom 4(1)

71-79

EN

Alcoholism is a disease that attacks regardless of age, religion, nationality, sex, level of education, mental health, family situation, socio-economic status or character. Research on students' attitudes towards alcohol was carried out in Poland and Ukraine, in the countries where there is widespread positive feedback on its effects. In wide social circles put to the survey, alcohol consumption is a tradition taking place during different celebrations or almost every meeting. In addition, the use of alcohol means a quick drink up of large quantities of strong alcoholic drinks. This way of drinking does not function as a symbol of the meeting or its background, but becomes the center and the main reason. Alcohol used by teens generally does not cause surprise or concern. Many communities treat alcohol drunk in childhood, as natural and inevitable. It sometimes happens that young people and even children receive the first can of beer or a glass of champagne from the hands of their own parents. Until recently, public awareness of the phenomenon of using psychoactive substances has related to the margin of society, people from the so-called pathological and criminal environments. A little later there were reports that the alcohol and other drugs are in the range of interests of adolescents, coming from "good homes" and having good future prospects. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of Polish and Ukrainian students towards alcohol. The main problem of the research focused on the question: Is there a difference in the attitudes of young people towards alcohol because of the country of origin? Research shows that among the students there is a problem of alcohol abuse. We must therefore start to implement effectively, not just "on paper", alcohol prevention programs already in primary schools.

15

Dual fuelling CI engine with methanol and diesel oil

81%

Stelmasiak Z.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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tom Vol. 20, No. 3

387--393

EN

Dual fuel compression ignition engine can be run on diverse fuels, both gaseous and liquid ones. Alternative fuels to the Diesel oil feature, as a rule, low cetane number and high temperature of self-ignition. Due to this, such fuels can not be ignited spontaneously and require ignition from small dose of the Diesel oil. In the dual fuel system, as the main fuel can be considered a liquid fuels, which can be supplied to the cylinder in form of vapours, or injected be to the suction manifold. Methyl and ethyl alcohols, or their esters, can be counted among future fuels. Such alcohols can be either the main fuels or small additions improving combustion of the Diesel oil. In the paper are presented test results of the SW 680 engine run on methanol and Diesel oil. Methanol was supplied to the suction manifold in form of methanol-air aerosol. Energetic fraction of the methanol amounted to 12-50%, depending on engine load. Performed tests have shown advantageous effect of the methanol on performance of the engine. One confirmed considerable growth of overall efficiency of the engine in area of higher loads (3-6%), reduction of smokiness of exhaust gases achieved as early as with small additives of the methanol (2-3 times), reduction of CO and CO2 emissions, reduction of exhaust gases temperature. Small addition of the methanol affects advantageously on combustion of the Diesel oil, shortening time if its combustion. Addition of the methanol enables maintaining effective power of the engine fuelled traditionally, and even its slight growth. Cost of adaptation to dual fuel supply with alcohol are low, and such type of fuelling can be easy implemented in already operated compression ignition engines.

16

Approaches to alcohol in textbooks for teaching foreign languages for beginners. An investigation of English, Spanish, Russian and Polish textbooks

81%

Szamryk K.

Heteroglossia - studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2021

|

nr 11

245-260

EN

This study discusses different approaches to alcohol in textbooks for teaching foreign languages (English, Spanish, Russian, Polish) on a beginner level (A1). In a broader context, the article deals with the cultural content and evaluation of foreign language course books. At the outset, the materials for foreign language teaching have been investigated with a frame of content analysis, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analysis reveals that alcohol occurs in varying levels in the textbooks – from complete absence in some to 118 references in one textbook. Alcohol appears in Polish and Russian textbooks to a greater extent than in English and Spanish. Moreover, the paper suggests that the common feature of the books is a higher tolerance towards beer and wine than to spirits. In the second part of the study, based on the qualitative descriptions, three approaches towards presenting alcohol in the course books are discussed: tabooing, cautionary treatment and an affirmative approach. Additionally, this study discusses that in Slavic course books alcohol might also be introduced because of linguistic reasons (grammatical and phonetic).

17

Wybrane aspekty stabilizacji fizykochemicznej piwa. Cz. II. Działania poprawiające stabilność fizykochemiczną piwa

81%

Wzorek W. , Haberowa H. , Kowalski M.

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2001

|

tom T. 55, nr 9

29-31

PL

W części pierwszej artykułu w nr. 7'01 omówiono współczesne poglądy na stabilność fizykochemiczną piwa, rodzaje występujących zmętnień i ich skład oraz czynniki wpływające na jej utratę. W części II głównym zagadnieniem są działania poprawiające stabilność fizykochemiczną napoju. Omówiono wybrane sposoby stosowane podczas procesu produkcyjnego, środki stabilizacji białkowej, polifenolowej oraz chitozan.

EN

In the first part of the article (7'01) the modern views on the physico-chemical stability of beer are discussed. Different kinds of haze and their composition as well as factors affecting physico-chemical stability of beer are also mentioned. Measures that can improve the physico-chemical stability of beer will be considered in the part II. In this part selected measure applied during the production process, such as stabilizers of proteins and polyphenols and chitosan are described.

18

Alcoholism as a way of dealing with emotions and transformation in relational family therapy

81%

Simonič B. , Cvetek R.

Family Forum

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2022

|

tom 12

121-138

EN

Alcoholism, which is a major public health and social problem, can be viewed from several perspectives, as its occurrence is a multifaceted phenomenon in terms of its development (causes), effects, and maintenance. The Relational Family Therapy paradigm looks at alcoholism and its dynamics in relation to dysfunctional affect regulation. Dysfunctional affect regulation and the general inability to manage emotions are often mentioned in relation to the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. The mechanism of affect regulation generally refers to internal processes that allow an individual to maintain their emotions to a degree that feels still bearable for them. According to these assumptions, alcoholics drink in order to cope with difficult emotions, either because they have more negative emotional states than others do, or because they lack the internal resources to cope with these negative emotions. For them, consuming alcohol is a series of repeated attempts to regulate heavy emotions, which often stem from painful past experiences. The process of Relational Family Therapy, therefore, as treatment of addiction, focuses on identifying and transforming the dysfunctional regulation of affect, which is behind addictive behavior. By means of action research methodology, this paper presents the approach of Relational Family Therapy in working with an alcoholic client, with an emphasis on the aspects of affect regulation. We show how the client’s alcohol use appeared as a dynamic of inappropriate regulation of a painful core affect. In the process of Relational Family Therapy, a more functional regulation of the core affect was established, thereby reducing symptomatic behavior (alcoholism) in the client.

19

Odpowiedzialność lekarza za wykonywanie czynności zawodowych w stanie po użyciu alkoholu, środka odurzającego albo innej podobnie działającej substancji lub środka

81%

Michalak A.

Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland

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2014

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nr 2

67-80

EN

The article has the task of directing the doctors’ attention to the issues associated with the responsibility for the petty offence sanctioned in the art. 70 § 2 of Code of Petty Offences, consisting of performing professional activities by them while intoxicated. Due to changes in this aspect after passing the Criminal Procedure Code in 1997, the author of the article is analyzing the provisions sanctioning this act in the present, describes its traits, shows under which circumstances the medical practitioner can be brought to justice pursuant to this provision. The author in his digressions is also concentrating on crucial elements of the civil liability associated with committing this petty offence by the doctors.

20

“THEY ALL KNOW WHAT I AM”: LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS OF WOMEN AND ALCOHOL

81%

Klepuszewski W.

Acta Neophilologica

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2018

|

tom XX/2

85-88

EN

Drink literature is something which has been drawing critical attention for a few decades. This is most transparent in the number of studies concerning various attempts to literarise alcohol, in whatever form or genre. What is immediately striking, though, is that most literary works fitting this thematic context are written by male writers, to mention Malcolm Lowry or Charles Jackson, and they usually feature male protagonists. Women seem to be inconspicuous here, both as authors and as literary characters, the latter usually limited to marginal figures who are victims of male drunkenness. This article targets the ‘neglected’ gender in the fictional representations of alcohol by briefly surveying the motif in the literature written on the British Isles and then focusing on two women writers, Jean Rhys and A.L. Kennedy.