Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Surround 3-dimensional scanner

100%

Karbowski K.

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2017

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tom Vol. 8, No. 2

99--104

EN

The paper describes original 3-dimensional structured light scanner used for medical application. Scanner kinematics is similar to the gantry mechanism of computed tomography apparatus. The unique feature of the presented scanner is a glass table for capturing image of a human body part. The scanner can acquire an object through the table. It gives the chance for surround scanning of the human body, using only one scanning head, without changing the body position. It is more cost effective scanner solution than multihead scanner configuration.

2

Smysl vizualizace lidského těla: různorodé významy nahoty

100%

Jirásek I.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2010

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tom 58

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nr 6

763-883

EN

The paper focuses on the phenomenon of nudity as a symbol, and on its different meanings with the possibilities of various interpretations. Its aim is to provide a critical analysis of the growing sexualisation and pornification of contemporary culture. In the first part of the text the historical concepts of nudity in the mode of the natural and the sacred are summarised. Although nudity was invested with various meanings (for example slavery and abasement in Mesopotamia, poverty among the Jews, social superiority among the Greeks), it was always informed by the sacred. Cult rituals securing fertility, but also ceremonies that today we treat as sporting events (for example the Olympic games), were above all a religious rather than a secular occasion. In different religions we can discern different levels of openness or distance concerning the naked body, while at the same time nudity (and sexuality) could become an expression of religious experience. In contemporary times (especially in our geographical area) the element of sacredness is receding from the perception of nudity. Nevertheless we may still meet with nudity in the mode of the natural (especially in the nudist and naturalist movements), and with cultivated eroticisation (with takes its exemplary form in art). A more serious development is, however, the growing process of the sexualisation and pornification of contemporary culture, exploiting nudity and sexuality in order to attract attention, or financial gain. We point to several cultural manifestations (politics, advertising, art and sport), using examples from concrete social signications of nudity in its non-naturalness, that is with the aim of attracting the attention of the public. These are, for example, political protests; special television current affairs programmes („naked news“); the growing sexualisation of advertising (presenting a sexual context without displaying the sexual organs); the merging of pornography and art which does not stop even at the natural boundaries of the human body, i.e. the skin, but enters into bodies; nakedness in sport showing itself not only in sportspeople posing for erotic magazines, but also in the ways that sporting events are recorded, picking up on the inadvertent revealing of parts of the bodies of participators, or on the revelations of the spectators. Philosophy should not give up the ambition of thoroughly enquiring into these cultural forms, despite the fact that philosophical anthropology has so far interested itself in sexuality rather than in nudity explicitly. If one of the characteristics of philosophical thought is being critical, then a critique of the sexualisation and pornification of contemporary culture should be conducted with emphasis on the richness of the human way of being and on human relations that maintain the dimension of love as the essential respect to the other, not on the technical exploitation of reified bodies with the aim of purely mechanistic stimulation or financial reward.

3

The Body as a Form of ID and Social Differentiation (In Ancient Greece)

80%

Sahaj T.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 4

385-390

EN

The aim of the article is the presentation of the philosophical approach towards the human body against a background of broader culture and social context. In ancient Greece, the corporeal nature of man was a category strongly linked with a precisely understood form physical culture, including both philosophy and medicine and what we would call today ‘physiotherapy’. In antiquity, rank and a person's social status was assessed not only by the quantity of material goods owned, but also by the superiority of one's body and their fitness level; the physical form. Those who were disabled were disposed of or outcast. The human body was treated as a kind of identification card, which contributed to the development of numerous social divisions. This paradigm was supported both in practice and theory by such outstanding thinkers as: Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Hippocrates, Pythagoras and Diogenes of Sinope.

4

Corporeality in Martial Arts Anthropology

80%

Cynarski W. , Obodyński K.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 3

291-297

EN

The aim of this paper is to discuss the subject as well as the problem of corporeality in the anthropology of martial arts. The authors wish to begin with the concept of corporeality as it is found in the available literature on the subject. The main issues which require additional contemplation are: the anthropology of the psychophysical progress, the humanistic theory of Eastern marital arts and the sociology of fitness culture. Anthropological research on martial arts attempts to explain the place and meaning as well as the significance and value of humans practicing the various psychophysical forms of East Asian martial arts. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on the numerous varieties of martial arts and the resulting examples and cultural values found therein. Through such a perspective can corporeality's place and importance be examined. Among the classifiable models found in somatic culture, one of the most fundamental is the model of asceticism and self-fulfillment. Historically significant and still relevant is also the example of fitness, connected with treating the body as it were an instrument.Within the context of martial arts being used as a psycho-educational form of education, the body fulfills, above all, the role of a tool to be used on the way towards enlightenment and wisdom. It is utilized specifically in spiritual progress. Improving one's physical abilities is therefore an ascetic journey of physical perfectionism and technical accomplishment all towards achieving spiritual mastery. In some cases, spiritual development is described in terms of energy (qi, ki) and connected with the capacity of one's health. Yet, the motivation for participating in martial arts more often comes from the body itself and its psychophysical health rather than moral and spiritual improvement. However, in our era of globalizing and commercializing almost all aspects of culture, some confusion can emerge from the polymorphic treatment of corporeality in martial arts as is now practiced around the world.

5

Biomechanical model of man for movement analysis in frontal plane

80%

Gzik M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej / Politechnika Śląska

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2006

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tom z. 31

47-50

EN

This paper presents 2 - dimensional model of man which was used for numerical analysis of human body behaviour during falls down and its consequences for human cervical and lumbar spine. The researches contain creation of model which enables human body motion analysis in a situation corresponding to real falls with simultaneous analysis of internal physiological phenomena in human spine during motion in frontal plane. The model of falling man was created using Working Model 2D.

6

Application of non-contact methods to experimental measurements of human body vibration

80%

Książek M. A. , Tarnowski J.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2008

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tom Vol. 46 nr 4

845-867

EN

In the paper, the application of non-contact methods used in experimental measurements of human body vibration is discussed. The most applicable and commonly used non-contact methods of measurements are the methods based on lasers and high speed video cameras. In the paper, chosen experimental measurements of human body vibration by non-contact methods, done by the authors and described in separate ar- ticles, have been presented. The study shows how direct measurements of displacements registered marked points of the human body submitted to vibration and allowed kinematical and dynamical analysis leading to estimation of harmful exposures. The following paragraphs of the paper contain examples of experimental measurements and conclusions con- cerning the comparison of classical and non-contact methods including their suitability, advantages and disadvantages in the measurements of dynamical behaviour of the human body.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zstosowanie metod bezkontaktowych do badania drgań ciała ludzkiego. Najczęściej stosowanymi metodami bezkontaktowymi do tego typu badań są metody oparte na wykorzystaniu laserów i szybkich kamer wideo. W niniejszej pracy zostały zaprezentowane wybrane pomiary eksperymentalne ciała człowieka poddanego wibracjom, wykonane i opisane przez autoró w oddzielnych artykułach. Pokazano, jak bezpośrednie pomiary przemieszczeń wybranych punktów ciała człowieka poddanego wibracjom umożliwiają kinematyczną i dynamiczną analizę prowadzącą w konsekwencji do oszacowania zagrożeń pochodzących od wibracji miejscowej i ogólnej. W kolejnych punktach prezentowanego artykułu przedstawiono charakterystyczne przykłady pomiarów wibracji miejscowej i ogólnej ciała człowieka za pomocą metod bezkontaktowych, porównano uzyskane wyniki z wynikami otrzymanymi za pomocą metod klasycznych oraz przedstawiono zalety i wady prezentowanych metod.

7

Human body-gesture capacity: the tense – lax distinction: a preliminary outline of research work

80%

Puppel J.

Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia

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2018

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nr 18

73-81

PL

In phonology, the terms ‘tenseness’ (tensing) and ‘laxness’ (laxing) are an important pair pertaining to the distinctive features of vowels. A similar dichotomy, ‘tenseness’ – ‘laxness’, can also be observed in the body-gesture (B-G) behaviors. On the basis of this distinction, the author of the article proposes to make a division between two body–gesture cultures, namely: the ‘lax B-G cultures’, and the ‘tense B-G cultures’, respectively. Additionally, the author constructs two working hypotheses. Namely:Hypothesis no. 1 (H1):(H1a): The laxer the B-G system is, the less ritual (and more casual) a given communication act happens to be.(H1b): The relationship “lax body posture + lax gesture” correlates with full spoken, profane (non-ritual) communication potential.Hypothesis no. 2 (H2):(H2a): The tenser the B-G system is, the more ritual a given communication act happens to be.(H2b): The relationship “tense body posture + tense gesture” correlates with full spoken, ritual (nonprofane) communication potential.

8

Experimental studies of the influence of human standing positions on the feet-to-head transmission of vibrations

80%

Książek M. A. , Tarnowski J.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2014

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tom Vol. 52 nr 4

1107--1114

EN

The experiments performed on a especially built test stand, concerning the influence of human body position on the feet-to-head vibration transmission are presented. The investigations have been performed for chosen amplitudes and frequencies of source acceleration excitations coming from a vertical shaker. The big influence of standing positions of a human body on the transmitted accelerations from feet to head has been measured and analyzed. Numerical results of variability of experimental studies have been statistically elaborated and graphically presented.

9

Ciało jako ponowoczesny „projekt estetyczny”

80%

Maj A.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2013

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nr 1(28)

83-92

EN

The article shows the ways in which the process of aesthetization of everyday life affects our perception of the human body in postmodern societies. The beauty of the body is no longer defined with reference to the objective aesthetic norms shared by all the members of the society, but it is rather defined individually. The body is shaped according to it, thus becoming an “aesthetic project”

10

Assessment of Variation in Thermal Sensations Determined Based on Effective Temperature

80%

Rymuza K. , Radzka E. , Świerzycka G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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tom Vol. 20, nr 2

218--225

EN

Air temperature is one of major factors in a subjective assessment of human thermal comfort and discomfort. The work draws on a series of measurements of the average daily air temperatures, relative air humidity and wind speed for 2000-2016 recorded at the Siedlce Meteorological Station. The station is part of the state observation and measurement network of the hydrological and meteorological service of The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB). The effective temperature was calculated according to the formula recommended by Missenard and the thermal sensation was determined based on a scale suggested by Baranowska. The number of days with individual thermal sensations in individual months of the long-term period was calculated, and months were put into groups of similar sensations by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. In the last years (2015, 2014, 2012 and 2011) in the months representing the cold season of the year, there were more days which were very cold and cold, whereas the number of days with the thermal comfort was much lower. The long-term period was split into three groups, based on the thermal comfort in the warm season of the year. The years which formed one group included 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2016 when there were no very cold days, the least cold days and the most very hot days.

11

Identification of muscle forces in human lower limbs during sagittal plane movements. P 1 Computational algorithms

80%

Blajer W. , Drzewiecki K. , Mazur Z.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2006

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tom Vol. 8, nr 2

11-18

EN

Using a sagittal model of human body developed in part I, the present paper deals with computational algorithms related to the inverse simulation problem – the determination of driving muscle forces in lower limbs using the measured motion characteristics as input data. The control problem is associated with muscle force redundancy and then affected by the fact that muscles always generate tensile forces. Computational schemes for the determination of reaction forces in the hip, knee and ankle joints are also reported/developed and discussed from the view-point of their effectiveness and applicability.

12

The Notion of the Body and Sex in Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy

80%

Tiukało A.

Human Movement

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 1

78-85

EN

In her masterpiece The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir depicts the atrocities of a typical patriarchal society. The author assumes that every human being should have the opportunity to experience feelings of a conquest and of being conquered to fully appreciate freedom. The body, the essential condition of human existence, is equally an object and a subject. Unfortunately, as Beauvoir reveals, this ontological rule is not respected in a society dominated by men. Patriarchy juxtaposes a male body, the subject, with a female body, the object. The main purpose of the present article is to answer the question, which many interpreters of Beauvoir's text have posed themselves: does Beauvoir really blame only patriarchy for such an injustice or is she rather willing to admit that female biology also contributes to such a biased situation. Researchers have never been unanimous on this issue. However, deeper analysis of The Second Sex as presented in this article finds that Beauvoir does not explain the social situation of women as a result of their biology at any point. According to Beauvoir, the discrimination of women in society is totally undeserved. This article also illustrates the originality of Beauvoir's thoughts in relations to Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophy. In her times, Beauvoir was mainly known as a novelist and the publication of The Second Sex was, misleadingly, not regarded by critics as a philosophical work. In The Second Sex, Beauvoir presents her own theory of interpersonal relationship, different from the one created in Sartre's Being and Nothingness.

13

The research of glass-ceramics implants used for bone pitches to examine bacteria adhesion occurring in human body

80%

Świeczko-Żurek B.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2013

|

tom Vol. 16, no. 122-123 spec. iss.

3--4

EN

Every day human body is endangered by various injuries and diseases. The consequence may be constant disability or the risk of limited ability and even death. The fractions and resections of bones threaten not only elderly people suffering from ostheoporosis, but more and more frequently young people, who experience some body harms resulting from accidents or diseases. In case of complicated fractures surgical intervention and using implant is necessary. A special implant is also needed in case of the resection of bone, which has big lack of tissues and must be filled in with the material, which has all the properties typical of bone implants. The glass-ceramics implants were already used in the XXth century. They have big future before them owing to their bioactivity, as well as morphological similarity to bone tissue. The paper deals with the research concerning the bacteria adhesion on bioactive glass-ceramics materials.

14

Beautiful Scars: Jewels in English Renaissance Drama

80%

Hopkins L.

Linguaculture

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2012

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tom 2012

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nr 1

9-26

EN

In An Englis[h[ expositor[:] teaching the in[ter]pretation of the harde[st] words [vsed] in our language, John Bullokar notes that the word carbuncle ‘hath two significations, namely a precious stone, and a dangerous sore’.(sig. D2r) Generally speaking Renaissance texts keep these two meanings separate: in ways which are inevitably conditioned by the nature of their subject matter, Renaissance authors tend to be interested in exploring either the idea of carbuncle as jewel or the idea of carbuncle as tumour without ever registering the possibility of the alternative meeting for the word. Nevertheless the ambiguity is there: a jewel, a thing of beauty intended for the adornment of the body, is also in some sense potentially a disfiguring mark, a scar on the body marking the site of a trauma. In A Cyborg Manifesto, Donna Haraway asks “Why should our bodies end at the skin?” (online); in this essay, I shall argue that as far as Renaissance jewels are concerned, bodies do not in fact end at the skin, for jewels mark not the end of the body but an edge, a hinge between body and mind as much as between body and dress, in ways which activate fears about permeability, boundary blurring and the monstrous. One of the rare instances of evoking both senses of carbuncle comes in The Comedy of Errors, where Dromio of Syracuse, having defined the kitchen-maid Nell as “spherical, like a globe”, says that “America, the Indies” are located in her nose, because it is ‘all o’er embellished with rubies, carbuncles, sapphires, declining their rich aspect to the hot breath of Spain’ (III.ii.120, 140-3). To varying extent, the horror of the gross, the extreme and the unnatural which is implicit here can be seen as potentially lurking in all Renaissance descriptions of jewellery.

15

Is My Body My Property?

80%

Nawrocka M.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2014

|

tom 4

135-143

EN

The aim of the study is to evaluate human body law protection system. The author analyse selected issues related to the human body in order to evaluate it in its legal and ethical perspective. Presenting the topic the author refers to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being.

16

Some aspects of host-fungus interactions

80%

Kurnatowski P. , Kurnatowska A. J.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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2001

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tom 47

|

nr 4

17

Bonifacy VIII wobec średniowiecznych zwyczajów grzebalnych. Bulla Detestande feritatis i jej interpretacje

71%

Grzeszczak J.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

|

2013

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nr 27

193-210

EN

On September 27, 1297 Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) promulgated a bull beginning with the words Detestande feritatis, thereby outlawing any further practice of the medieval custom of dismembering human corpses which were subsequently boiled in water to separate the bones from the soft tissue. This was a practice that facilitated burial in places remote from the scene of death of the deceased. The first part of the article presents the circumstances in which the papal document originated. By outlawing such practices the Pope invalidated the decisions contained in the last wills of some, especially the French, cardinals of his times. The custom of dismembering human corpses was predominantly practiced north of the Alps, but it was also present on the territory of today’s Spain. In medieval times it was known as “the German custom” (mos teutonicus) and was underpinned by a specific medieval anthropology. The second part of the article scrutinizes the probable reasons of the Pope’s violent reaction. An attempt is made to reconstruct the forma mentis of Boniface VIII. Relevant indications and clues can be found in the records of the proceedings against the Pope by Philip the Fair, king of France, in the iconography of monuments erected at the Pope’s initiative, and also in the development of the natural sciences in the late Middle Ages.

18

Geometry and inertia of the human body - review of research

70%

Erdmann W. S.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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1999

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tom Vol. 1, nr 1

23-35

EN

The paper is devoted to such morphological quantities of the human body as (1) geometric, i.e., linear, planar, and spatial;(2) inertial, especially - mass, density, radius of center of mass, moment of inertia and its radius. Description of quantities was given, material used (live subjects, cadavers, models), and methods utilized: mechanical and electromechanical, optical, geometric (for inertia quantities), penetrating, calculation, modelling. The most important results were given, especially for inertial quantities.

19

Variable-Thermoinsulation Garments With a Microprocessor Temperature Controller

70%

Kurczewska A. , Leśnikowski J.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2008

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tom Vol. 14, No. 1

77--87

EN

This paper presents the concept of active variable thermoinsulation clothing for users working in low temperatures. Those garments contain heating inserts regulated by a microprocessor temperature controller. This paper also presents the results of tests carried out on the newly designed garments.

20

Impact of systemic cryotherapy on physical fitness

70%

Roslanowski A. , Glibowski E. , Winiarski S. , Wilk I.

Medical Science Pulse

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2018

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

EN

Background: Systemic cryotherapy has broad effects on the human body. These include improved immunity, accelerated tissue regeneration, activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms, analgesic effects, and reduced muscle tension and spasticity without compromising strength. Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of systemic cryotherapy on physical fitness. Material and methods: The 43 participants (42 – 53 years of age) underwent 10 daily treatments in a nitrogen cryochamber over two consecutive weeks. Each cryochamber treatment lasted for 3 minutes at -130°C. Physical fitness was tested before and after the cryochamber treatment course using elements of three physical testing methods (a functional movement screen, a TKKF physical fitness test and a general fitness test). Results: After cryotherapy, there was a visible improvement in the first four exercises of the fitness test with fewer participants feeling pain during movement, and more able to perform the exercises correctly or perfectly. For the remaining three exercises, the changes occurred in fewer subjects and to a lesser extent. Conclusions: Systemic cryotherapy was associated with improved physical fitness. It can be used to help increase overall physical fitness as a complementary and supportive process.