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Pedagogy as a Concept Creation and as Social Practice

100%

Starego K.

nr 4(198)

127-139

Pedagogy as a social practice is tightly bound with a broad context of relations between forces that exist within the social field. This horizon, established by the historical, economic and political conditions has a decisive impact upon the form of modern pedagogy's conceptual space. One of the issues that seem to play a very important role in pedagogy today is that of 'marketization of education'. The author considers the origins and the effects of the economic rationality's domination in modern pedagogical thought. The possibility of bringing an end to a 'crisis' of the disciplinary autonomy is seen in return of the pedagogy to its own field of thought and in concept constructivism based on Deleuze's and Guattari's notion of 'concept creation'.

Planowanie przestrzenne w kontekście potrzeb indywidualnych i zbiorowych. Przykład Polski

100%

Karwańska A. , Brzosko-Sermak A.

nr 882

57-77

As a rule, spatial planning should be an answer to the individual or collective requirements of a population that benefits from space. Over the years, attitudes towards what spatial planning really means and what role society and the state should play in it have changed. Planning objectives are defined according to the approach. Planning has always been regulated by law strictly connected with the ideology and political situation of the country in which it is being done. History provides numerous examples of planning measures that have taken place in hierarchical and asymmetric political systems. The requirements and expectations expressed in an individual or collective manner result from the various aspirations and preferences of the people, affiliation to social class or cultural patterns. In the process of planning, it is crucial to have broad knowledge of the subject matter and to confront it with the specifications and character of the space being planned. Bearing space, economy and/or social difficulties in mind, one can say that spatial planning is likely to impose spatial order or strong social conflict. That is why the relevant, varied and full participation of society in the process of planning is so important. A common approach to solving problems and taking action to satisfy social requirements where the local authorities are to be an instrument for realising aims should be standard practice.

Selected determinants of the local associations' health promotion activity

100%

Lignowska I.

nr 7

131-147

The interest in the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in health promotion results from the fact that health promotion, being the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health, emphasizes the need of strengthening the social participation in health activities. The involvement of the society is a key to success in health promotion. Because NGOs represent opinions and interests of various groups of citizens and play an important role in the stimulation of social activity as well as in the building of social ties they become an important resource for health promotion. Especially it applies to small organizations serving local communities. As the experiences of many countries indicate, they are significant participants of the implementation of health promotion programs. The article presents findings from the study 'Local associations in health promotion'. The research was carried out by means of mail questionnaire. It covered 1333 local associations, which operate in the community development area - those directly and those indirectly oriented towards health problems. The results of the study show that the main factors which determine the NGOs' activity in health promotion are: their contacts with other organizations engaged in health improving activity, contacts with community health care units, the use of publications addressed to NGOs as a source of information, the volunteers' involvement in organization's activities and the presence of nurses amongst association's members.