Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ETHNIC SUCCESSION IN A ROMAN CATHOLIC PARISH IN AN AMERICAN TOWN

100%

Mucha J.

Etnografia Polska

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2004

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tom 48

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nr 1-2

161-175

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze a specific case of 'ethnic succession'. This topic emerged in the social sciences in the early 1900s, within the first Chicago school (the Robert Park school). Since that time, many models of succession (drawing upon biological ecology) have been presented. In this paper, a succession in one specific field and one specific place is analyzed: an unfinished process of takeover of a Roman Catholic parish by the rapidly growing Hispanic population from the shrinking Polish American population in the West Side of South Bend in northern Indiana. This process meant also the cultural elimination of the Hungarian Americans from the 'independent' religious life in the town's quarter. In the multicultural contexts, religion is often closely related to ethnicity, and in the well-known theory authored by Milton Gordon, religion is one of three possible bases of ethnicity in American society. In the case discussed here, the two ethnic groups, Hispanics and Polish Americans, belong to the same religious denomination. Moreover, historically speaking, Roman Catholicism has been a very significant element of their ethnic identities. From the recent cultural point of view, however, these are two quite different types of Catholicism. Ethnic succession discussed in this text has important consequences for the cultural features of Catholicism in the whole town. In the article, the local Polish American community and the Hispanic community is briefly presented, and then the 'succession' problems discussed. To the extent it makes sense (and the empirical material is available), the elements of the 'process of passage' and the 'ceremony of passage', important for socio-cultural anthropology, are presented as well.

2

COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION BY RELIGION ON STATE ESTATES IN 1802

100%

Velkova A.

Historická demografie (Historical Demography)

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2005

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tom 29

109-137

EN

This study examines the religious composition of the population on so-called state estates, which included estates administered by an official body, but also by the Religious, Study and Endowment Fund, or Charles-Ferdinand University. The research is based on a survey event that took place on the estates in 1802. Analyses revealed that a majority Catholic population lived on the estate. This was particularly typical of western Bohemia. Conversely, the Protestant tradition was confirmed in the eastern Bohemian estates, especially Podebrady and Pardubice, and also the estates of Vetrny Jenikov and Stredokluky. While on the estates of Pardubice and Vetrny Jenikov Protestants were concentrated in particular areas, in Podebrady the co-existence of Catholics and Helvetians was quite common. With regard to the Jewish population, unlike the Protestants there were Jews living in most of the state estates, but the proportion of the population they represented was much lower, around less than 1%, and it was more a matter of individual families.

3

SACRED PAGAN TEMPLES IN THE CAUCASUS REGION: CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES

80%

Cherkasov A. , Koroleva L. , Bratanovskii S. , Smigel M.

Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

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2018

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tom 6

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nr 2

59 – 69

EN

The article deals with Christian-pagan sacred places and Caucasus traditions in the 19th century. The authors pay attention to the structure of the pagan temples and their characteristic regional features, and they study the traditions and the role of the local clergy in the life of society. Materials of personal origin (memoirs and diary entries) of emissaries, scouts and travellers in the 19th century were used as sources in the research. These materials allow us to get an idea about the structure of the temples and ceremonies that were held around them. In addition, materials of archaeological research, as well as modern scientific publications, were used for this study. In solving research problems, both general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, concretization, generalization) as well as traditional methods of historical analysis were applied. The work uses the historical-situational method, which involves the study of historical facts in the context of the studied era in conjunction with “neighbouring” events and facts. The application of this method allowed the authors to understand the role of the pagan temples and their priests in preparation of the highlanders to assault their neighbours. In conclusion, the authors note that pagan temples were built in many parts of the Caucasus region: in Circassia, Abkhazia, Georgia, and Ossetia. However, until the end of the 19th century, they remained only in the most remote and impassable parts of the mountainous regions. The reasons for this were the enormous social upheaval in the Caucasus, the civil war in Circassia and the religious persecution of the old Christian-pagan clergy.

4

Poglądy teologiczne Darwina

80%

Jodkowski K.

Lectiones & Acroases Philosophicae

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2010

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tom 3

59-84

EN

According to the Author, Darwin's views on religion were of essential significance for his deeds as a scientist. Darwin's views evolved from the orthodox christianity during his studies at Cambridge University, through the deistic phase, through agnosticism and atheism at the end of his life. As a result of his mature standpoint, he introduced the so-called principle of methodological naturalism to science.

5

Vybrané rysy spirituality české katolické církve (1948-1989)

80%

Hanus J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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tom 14

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nr 2-3

341-353

EN

In this article the author seeks to explain some fundamental features of Roman Catholic spirituality in the Bohemian Lands after the Second World War. He demonstrates that this phenomenon was in essence both determined by the 'Roman Catholic Renaissance' of the 1930s and by new tendencies, particularly after the Communist takeover of February 1948. Among these tendencies was its enforced closed nature, fear of persecution, traditionalism, and conservatism, which were mainly the result of the limitations on being in touch with people abroad. On the whole, however, the author believes that Czech Roman Catholicism from the Communist takeover to the collapse of the regime in late 1989, despite all its problems, contributed to Czech culture, and he demonstrates this also in the reception of the Second Vatican Council in Bohemia and Moravia. The spirituality of women, both of nuns and of secular intellectuals, receives special praise in the article.

6

THE RESTLESS LIBERALISM OF ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE

80%

Tlolka J.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2017

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tom 72

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nr 9

736 – 747

EN

This essay attempts to contextualise the purported novelty of Alexis de Tocqueville’s particular brand of liberalism. It regards the author not as an heir or precursor to any given political tradition, but rather as a compelled syncretist whose primary philosophical concern was the moral significance of the democratic age. It suggests that Tocqueville devised his ‘new political science’ with a keen view to the existential implications of modernity. In order to support that suggestion, the essay explores the genealogy of Tocqueville’s moral and political thought and draws a relation between his analysis of democracy and his personal experience of modernity.

7

Věřící singles ve světle měnících se forem praktikování víry a individualizace ve sféře náboženství

80%

Bartosova M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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tom 7

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nr 1

15-19

EN

The study, while applying the qualitative method, is focused on financially self-sufficient young people (25-33), who live alone and belong to the Catholic Church. Through qualitative interviews and their following analysis the group of religious singles is specified. This category appears to be interesting for its internal incongruity, which results from the tendency of these people not to seclude from the Christian ideal in the area of intimacy and family and, at the same time, from the need of independence and development of themselves. While in the mainstream part of society alternative partner relationships come extensively into play which enables young singles to substitute traditional relationships directed towards a long-term engagement, religious singles solve their loneliness among other things by attaching themselves to faith and religion. The research has shown the importance of religion as a 'symbolic universe', which is capable of explaining everyday experience of believers and assisting them in dealing with complicated life situations including singlehood.

8

VÝVOJ A DOKTRÍNA KONFESIJNEJ NEUTRALITY ŠTÁTU

80%

Gregor M.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2019

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tom 102

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nr 6

483 – 491

EN

In the Article 1(1) the Slovak Constitution declares that „the Slovak Republic shall not be bound to any ideology or religion“. Presented article seeks to examine the relationship concerned of independence of state from any particular religion that is referred to as a principle of confessional state neutrality in legal sciences. The article covers its historical as well as theoretical interactions, and it pays particular attention to role of confessional state neutrality in judicature of the European Court of Human Rights.

9

KÁZEŇ V PRIESTORE NÁBOŽENSKEJ KOMUNIKAČNEJ SFÉRY

80%

Findra J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2006

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tom 71

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nr 3

129 – 135

EN

The author analyses content and formal structures of a sermon as an individual genre. He reasons that texts of religious communication sphere are not united on a base of a special religious style, but they are related to the several functional language styles.

10

An Old Story of New Jerusalem

80%

Chmielewska J.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2007

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tom 61

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nr 1(276)

171-182

EN

An attempted reconstruction of the history of the Murashkovtsy Christian Holy Zionists - a religious community established in the 1930s in present-day Western Belarus and Ukraine. The chief protagonists are the prophets Ivan Murashko and Olga Kirylchuk-Korneichuk who, according to the Zionists, embodied the Second Coming of Christ. By basing herself on on-the-spot interviews the authoress tried to bring the reader closer to hagiographic narrations about the miracles and sanctity of the Father and Mother of Zion, as the founders of the movement were known, and the history of New Jerusalem - a holy city built in 1936-39 in Volhynia as a realisation of the idea of the Kingdom of God on Earth. We learn about prophets, apostles, holy blood and New Zion as well as about rejection and strong social stigmatisation. The post-war history of the group is branded with persecution, arrests and imposed wanderings from Volhynia across the Caucasus to Central Asia and finally to the environs of Odessa where more than 350 members of the congregation continue to reside. From the very onset the Zionists, engaged in implementing their utopia, remained on the margin of social and religious life. Ridiculed by some and openly branded by others, they sought refuge in isolation, fled the outside world, and closed themselves in enclaves governed by rules formulated by the prophets. The presented text is an attempt at bringing the reader close to the alternative created by the Murashko adherents in their New Jerusalem.

11

Jedno czy wiele doświadczeń religijnych w poglądach Williama Jamesa?

80%

Czernik T.

Lectiones & Acroases Philosophicae

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2011

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tom 4

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nr 2

138-149

EN

The main topic of this article is the problem of religious experience discussed in the works of William James. The basic question the author poses concerning this experience is whether there is one or many types of such experiences. James accepts their multiplicity but at the same time he recognizes only one as the right one. The multiplicity of experiences is connected with the institutionalization of religion, of which James is opposed to . He does not reject religion itself (which comes from human expectations) as a form of manifestation of religious experience. The field/realm of religion is associated with emotions and their ability to influence the will. The hypothesis of God strengthens motivation of the individual. James proposes a pragmatic approach to religion, rejecting its rationality in favor of utility. Religion is a function of will and feelings; excessive intellectualism kills its attractiveness. However, James's concept of religion includes a type of simplification since it is characterized by excessive reductionism in the description of the human condition.

12

Moralny wymiar religii w życiu człowieka dorosłego

80%

Olżewski B.

Rocznik Andragogiczny

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2009

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tom R. 2009

EN

In this article the author would like to touch a problem of the religion as an element of the adult religious people's life, specifically the element participating in the formation of an individual set of the moral attitudes. The group he is interested in is constituted by the Judaic, Catholic and Protestant worshippers. The main reason which inclined him to undertake the signalled problem is its practical dimension. Personally, he has an irresistible impression that morality is losing more and more of its importance in today's, especially highly developed, societies. Superseding such values as Good and Truth, pleasure, utility and profit increasingly become the leading values. He is certain that we live in the days of something what he would call the crisis of morality; morality in general. Therefore, a clear need both of reflection and action that tends to find the foundation which this fading morality could be rebuilt on and the sources which the principles and the instruments essential for this rebuilding could be derived from. The author's project is a part of the search of these sources and the area he explores is religion. He tries to investigate moral attitudes of the Judaic, Catholic and Protestant worshippers and also to verify whether the religion has an influence on these attitudes, and if it has, is this attitude a possitive one.

13

K PROBLEMATIKE VÝUČBY NÁBOŽENSTVA V ČESKOSLOVENSKU PO ROKU 1918

80%

Kičková A.

Konštantínove listy

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2018

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tom 11

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nr 2

190 - 198

EN

Religious education as a compulsory subject played an important role in the educational process. The foundations of faith acquired by children in the family milieu were followed up by religious education at school. After 1918, both the system of education and the subject of religious education itself changed. The text outlines the form of changes in the teaching of religion after the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 in the contemporary context. It focuses on selected legislative changes, as well as on the reactions in the press in that period.

14

„Různé zlé věci jsou stimulací pro dobré věci, pro hrdinství” – przypadek Oto Mádra (1948–1968)

80%

Brodniewicz J.

Bohemistyka

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2016

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tom 16

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nr 3

271 - 296

EN

The article presents the profile of Oto Mádr (1917–2011) in his struggle with the Communists on the basis of memories and documents. Oto Mádra is shown against the background of the events from vítězný únor to pražské jaro (1948–1968) in Czechoslovakia. He is a Czech priest and theologian, ordained in 1942, having remarkable achievements in the fight against the communist regime and for independence. In 1952 sentenced to life imprisonment for pastoral work among students, he was released in 1966. He resumed his opposition activities, becoming one of the most important figures of twentieth-century Czech Catholic Church.

15

Człowiek - natura- transcendecja. Zarys hyperologii

80%

Mech K.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2013

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tom 41

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nr 3

109-137

EN

This article concerns the conditions of possibility of thinking about religious transcendence. The premise of these considerations is that the possibility of thinking about transcendence is determined by our understanding of nature. Transcendence can be considered only in relation to what it transcends. The relationship between transcendence and nature means that the possibility of thinking about religious transcendence is closely related to the way of conceiving nature. Different ways of understanding nature determine different ways of understanding transcendence. Nature can be conceived in a way which makes transcendence impossible. The reflection on nature and transcendence in their mutual relations directs us toward a different interpretation of nature that emerged in the history of European thought about φύσις. In the article the contemporary naturalistic interpretation of nature is compared with the theistic interpretation and the Greek understanding of nature.

16

O możliwym znaczeniu nihilizmu dla religii

80%

Torzewski W.

Filo-Sofija

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2004

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tom 4

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nr 4

117-128

EN

In the article the author provides a positive answer to the question, whether for a religious believer awareness of nihilism can be a source of positive insights in the nature of religious faith. Nihilism in this context is understood not as a simple denial of the existence of the Transcendent, but as a all-encompassing cultural experience grounded in the activity of reflection. Analysis of the phenomenon of nihilism and its specific “logic” leads to description of the condition of a religious consciousness which is shaped by the recognition of positive aspects of the experience of nihilism. The search for positive meaning of nihilism is set against the background of the debate about the relationship between “faith” and “reason”. What is under consideration, however, is not the question whether in the context of nihilism some sort of faith is still possible, but whether a believer’s epistemic situation is affected by his awareness of nihilism.

17

Slavatova obrana jezuitského řádu a jeho představy o konfesijním uspořádání Čech z počátku dvacátých let 17. století

80%

Hrdlicka J.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2008

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nr 23

225-248

EN

When the Estates Government took power in Bohemia after the Prague Defenestration in May 1618, one of its first steps was the expulsion of the Jesuit order from the country in early June. This act provoked a polemical reaction not only from the Jesuits, but also from other authors who sought to vindicate the more than sixty-year-long presence of the order in the Bohemian Kingdom. In the early 1620's, an important Bohemian Catholic nobleman, Vilem Slavata, became one of these apologists for the Jesuits. Although he was initially a member of the Unity of Brethren, Slavata converted to the Catholic Church in 1597. At the beginning of the 17th century, he became one of the most significant supporters of the Catholic Church in the Bohemian Lands and thus an archenemy of the Protestant estate leaders. As a hated royal governor, he became one of the victims of the Prague Defenestration in May 1618. In 1619, he managed to escape from his house arrest to Passau, the centre of noble Catholic emigration. While staying in Passau in 1621-1622, he formulated plans for improving religious and political conditions in the kingdom. He also dedicated himself to writing an extensive manuscript which, as a polemical response to the 1618 apology of the Evangelical estates, was intended to defend the work of the Jesuit order in the country. Manuscript also reveals Slavata's opinions about the confessional situation in the kingdom. He blamed the Calvinist church, and especially the Unity of Brethren, for radicalizing the situation before the Battle of White Mountain. In Slavata's view, the Unity of Brethren was the main source of religious intolerance in the land and the cause of all the hardship brought about by the Estates Uprising of 1618-1620. He vigorously rejected religious freedom, which was 'harmful and venomous', hindered salvation of the soul, and disrupted general tranquility. He also found evidence for the impossibility of religious freedom in the Holy Roman Empire, where the Peace of Augsburg principle of 'cuius regio, eius religio' applied. In his opinion, the Bohemian Kingdom should renew its obedience to the monarchy and the papacy and return to the religious arrangement of the past, when there was only one church, which had, according to 'old Czech' tradition, two parts distinguished only by their communion service. Slavata's ideas correspond somewhat to proposals in the early 20's that envisioned the possible coexistence of the Catholic and Utraquist churches, of course with Catholics in the leading role. However, Slavata was not concerned with the practical details of this possible coexistence; his argumentation was predominantly historical. He entrusted the key role in improving the confessional situation to the Jesuits, who in his opinion, were predestined to return the country to the Catholic faith and lead it back to the papacy.

18

Smrť v literatúre pre deti a mládež

80%

Adamčíková Ľ.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2011

|

tom 153

797-804

EN

The dominate theme of the article is the motif of death in literature for children and youth. The goal is to present the existence of physical dimension in understanding of literary work as self living connected with the meaning of death in our lives and existence of death in literary works. Interconnection of these aspects, confrontation of body and its death in spiritual and physical way bring many questions and interesting themes which go into wild spectral areas. The contribution contains basic knowledge from theological, mythological, philosophic, literature and pedagogic aspect. I paid attention to historical determination of the problem and its interconnection with present literature. I connected this gained knowledge with practical research in elementary and preschool institutions. I based our research on a fairy-tale by Hans Christian Andersen — The little match seller. Death is a frequent motif in author’s fairy-tales and as fairy-tales are close to child’s understanding, this form of death education is the most suitable for them, at the same time it is important to make provision for recipient’s age to whom we offer this literature.

19

ABOUT THE DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS

80%

Libiszowska-Zoltkowska M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 2

199-217

EN

The term 'new religious movement' was popularised by sociologists in the 1970s to describe the religious groups then arising - commonly known as sects. The 'newness' refers to the genesis of the phenomenon, the organisational structure and the doctrine. This was used to describe religious and social movements which appeared in the Third World during the last century and charismatic, neo-mystical millennium movement which have been created since the 1960s in the United States and have been arriving in Europe. In the main these have been movement of a syncretic nature. They are literally newly-formed religious communities. In the bureaucratised social structure this takes place ex officio, in accordance with the legislation prevailing in the given country. The founders are usually charismatic - sometimes unearthly - or exceptional characteristic in which their followers believe and which belief they pass on to others. The new religious movements are the result of the acquiescence to pluralism of outlook and the freedom to choose one's religion.

20

Protestantské obce v Srbsku do roku 1953

80%

Benes S.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2008

|

tom 94

|

nr 1

61-80

EN

The essay Protestant Communities in Serbia until 1953 concentrates mainly on Protestant communities on the territory of the future Republic of Serbia from its genesis in the 16th century up to 1953, when the Yugoslav government passed a law on religious communities. The article starts with a depiction of the 16th century Slovenian reformation, when it was for the first time spread over the South Slav region. Despite successful re-Catholicization of the territory, the reformation went ahead towards fundamental features of Protestant churches in South Slav countries, which was (and still is), made up predominantly by non-South Slav ethnics of local Protestants. An overwhelming majority of reformist ideas was thus formed by immigrants of German, Hungarian and Slovak nationalities. The essay briefly explains the characteristics of individual churches on the territory and analyses their operation in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the Yugoslavian Kingdom. It also informs on the relationship of individual churches with the Josip Broz Tito's post-war communist regime.