Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Franciszek Bossowski (1879–1940). Szkic do biografii

100%

Szczygielski K.

Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica

|

2009

|

tom 7

71-83

EN

Franciszek Bossowski (1879–1940) was a professor of Roman law. He worked at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius from 1920 to 1939. In this period he was a Dean of Faculty of Law in academic years 1927/1928 and 1928/1929. Bossowski is an author of many valuable papers concerning history and institutions of Roman law, among other things: Znalezienie skarbu wedle prawa rzymskiego (Finding of treasure according to the Roman law); Ze studiów nad pierwotnym testamentem rzymskim (Studies on a primitive Roman testament), Actio ad exhibendum w prawie klasycznem i justyniańskiem (Actio ad exhibendum in classical and in Justinian’s law), Cura prodigi et luxuriosi and Ze studiów nad rei omanistsn. Problem legitymacji biernej (Studies on rei vindicatio. The problem of passive capacity to be a party in a lawsuit). He kept scientific contacts with famous Italian romanists – Salvatore Riccobono and Pietro Bonfante, who both have received doctorates honoris causa of the Vilnius University in 1929. Professor Bossowski was also interested in civil law and comparative law. He was a member of many international and domestic scientific societes. After the outbreak of World War II he was arrested by the Nazis and imprisoned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He died in Cracow in 1940, after returning from lager in mortal state.

2

Sacramentum : on the Legal Meaning of the Term as Used in the Letters of Pliny the Younger

71%

Dębiński A.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2022

|

nr Vol. 31, nr 3

45-60

XX

Artykuł jest tekstem o charakterze naukowo-badawczym. Temat badań dotyczy korespondencji Pliniusza Młodszego z cesarzem Trajanem, a przedmiotem wywodu są niektóre aspekty prawnego znaczenia sacramentum. W celu kompleksowego przedstawienia podjętego zagadnienia została wyjaśniona etymologia terminu, a następnie sacramentum zostało przedstawione jako terminius technicus na oznaczenie zakładu procesowego i przysięgi żołnierskiej. Omówiono też wykorzystanie pojęcia w korespondencji Pliniusza Młodszego i ustawodawstwie późnego cesarstwa. W konkluzji badań stwierdzono, że łaciński termin sacramentum ma nie tylko religijną, lecz także prawną konotację. W sensie jurydycznym termin ten bowiem oznaczał zakład procesowy, stosowany w postępowaniu cywilnym legis actio sacramento. Inne znaczenie otrzymał w ramach dyscypliny wojskowej - stanowił nazwę przysięgi wojskowej. Wnioski te mają wartość poznawczą dla nauki i przesądzają zarazem o oryginalności badań. Ich zasięg - ze względu na to, że prawo rzymskie jest dyscypliną eksplorowaną na płaszczyźnie globalnej - jest międzynarodowy. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The article is a scientific and research paper. The subject of research is letters exchanged between Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan, whereas the discussion addresses some aspects of the legal meaning of the term sacramentum. To expound the problem conclusively, the etymology of the term was explained, and next, sacramentum was discussed as a terminius technicus to denote an action by wager and a military oath. The use of the concept in the letters of Pliny the Younger and in the legislation of the Late Roman Empire was highlighted. In conclusion, the Latin term sacramentum was confirmed to have had both a religious and a legal connotation. In the juridical sense, sacramentum meant an action by wager known from the civil proceedings of legis actio sacramento. But it received yet another meaning for the purposes of military discipline - it was a name of a military oath. These conclusions contribute to the scientific aspect of the problem and demonstrate the originality of the research. They have an international significance as Roman law is a discipline studied across the globe. (original abstract)

3

Szkic do dziejów tzw. romanistyki marksistowskiej

71%

Kuryłowicz M.

Z dziejów prawa

|

2019

|

tom 12(20)

933—950

EN

Marxist Romanistics meant a new trend in the study of Roman law, moving away from the formalism and dogmatism of traditional bourgeois Romanistics and juxtaposing it creatively with a new methodology of dialectic and historical materialism, with particular emphasis on class struggle. The place of this ideological expansion was, first and foremost, the countries which came under the influence of the USSR. The leading role was played by Czechoslovakian studies under the guidance of the Czech romanist, Professor Milan Bartošek, who was even considered a “herald of Marxist Romanistics.” In other countries of the socialist bloc the romanists gave in to new influences to a lesser and more varied extent. Poland and Hungary retained the most independent position, the drastic exception being the German Democratic Republic, where the whole science of law was reduced in general, and Roman law as an academic subject and scientific discipline ceased to exist. Although history has outmoded these theses and programmes, including Marxist Romanistics, an interesting historical contribution to the history of Roman law has remained.

4

Reformy rzymskiego kalendarza – uwagi do badań nad prawem rzymskim

60%

Kosior W. J.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

|

2019

|

tom 17

|

nr 3

51-66

EN

This article discusses the problem of reforms that affected the Roman calendar from its formal establishment up to the time of its formation to what we now know. The need to analyze that matter arose on the occasion of studies on the importance of age in Roman law and precise determination whether 1 year always meant 365 days.

5

Pliny the Younger and the Problem of Translatio Cadaveris

57%

Jońca M.

Krytyka Prawa

|

2016

|

nr T. 8, Nr 2

17-26

XX

W korespondencji pomiędzy namiestnikiem Bitynii i Pontu w latach 111-113 n.e. oraz cesarzem Trajanem znalazł się wątek związany z dopuszczalnością ekshumacji oraz przenosin zwłok do innego miejsca pochówku. Pliniusz, który był zaznajomiony z rzymskimi praktykami w tym zakresie, zwrócił się do cesarza z prośbą o radę, jaki model postępowania ma przyjąć odnośnie do mieszkańców prowincji. Odpowiedź władcy utrzymała w mocy dotychczasową praktykę polegającą na dopuszczalności przeniesienia zwłok w inne miejsce jedynie wówczas, kiedy istniała po temu słuszna przyczyna (zwłaszcza, kiedy groby były zdewastowane lub zagrożone). Rozstrzygnięcie Trajana wpłynęło na decyzje kolejnych władców zabierających głos w tej sprawie.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

In the correspondence between the governor of Bithynia-Pontus and emperor Trajan in the years 111-113 one can find an exchange on whether to allow a buried body to be exhumed and transported to be buried in a different place. Pliny, who was familiar with Roman practices in this respect, turned to the emperor seeking advice on what policy he should adopt with regard to the inhabitants of the province. The emperor's answer upheld the common practice that it was possible to move a body to a different burial site only when there was a strong reason for doing so (especially when the tombs were being violated or otherwise under threat). Trajan's judgement influenced the decisions by subsequent rulers who took their stance in this matter.(original abstract)

6

Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in selected Polish legal regulations – outline of the problem

57%

SZYŁKOWSKA M.

Safety & Defense

|

2019

|

tom 5

|

nr 2

35-40

EN

This article presents reflection made in the field of Roman legal thought in selected Polish legal regulations with potential impact on the functioning of the individual. The universal form of the principle – regardless of the legal system – implies a potential threat to the functioning of the individual in the form of uncertainty. The purpose of this publication is to indicate the need to update legal regulations regarding the indicated matter – in particular – in the form of an obligatory examination for the courts of the statute of limitations in a situation where a natural person is a party to the proceedings. Accurate provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure and selected court sentences were presented. In the research process, was made extensive use of qualitative research methods, including in the form of analyses (e.g.: legal and institutional analysis, comparative analysis, system analysis and methods: analysis and logical construction), generalization and implication. In turn, among quantitative research methods, intensively was used statistical analysis and a diagnostic sounding survey. In addition to the literature analysis – important support of the research process was the examination of documents (including provisions of national law) and available sources of knowledge about the problems studied. The source material included both open access and published studies in specialist journals. At this stage of the research, have been analysed the applicable legal regulations and selected sentences of Polish Courts. The mentioned above, empirical methods included the following: a diagnostic sounding survey – conducted in the form of surveys using the CAWI technique. The empirical stage ofthe research also consisted in the assessment of the legal status. The cognitive and utilitarian premises of the problems are the implementation of the adopted hypothesis: Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in connection with numerous amendments to regulations may have negative consequences for the functioning of the individual.

7

Ships and crew. historical profile

57%

Casola M.

Journal of Modern Science

|

2018

|

nr 3(38)

237-266

EN

The organization of the ship was connected to the organization of the board, according to the type of ship. It concerned the crew’s composition, the division of roles and responsibilities, the recruitments procedures and orders. The employment relationship was peculiar, governed by a specific regulation. There was a separation of duties and therefore there were different contracts of recruitment for the crew members. As to the ship, the roles of magister navis were different from the one of the crew, since the former signed a contract comparable to modern self-employment contracts and the latter signed a contract of subordinate employment similar to modern contracts. The paper examines, through the analysis of sources and of literature, the organization of the merchant ship and the recruitments procedures.

8

Provisions for the proconsul. Some remarks on D. 1.16.6.3 in the Kórnik manuscript of Digestum Vetus

57%

Jońca M.

Classica Cracoviensia

|

2012

|

nr 15: Leadership in Antiquity: Langauge - Institutions - Representations

123-136

EN

The paper discusses Medieval interpretation of Roman legal prescription, concerning the acceptance of gifts and presents by state officials. The discussed text is the Kórnik manuscript of Digestum Vetus and the comments that it contains, both in form of text and illustrations, that pertain to the main issue debated.

9

Sprawa nadania tytułu profesora nadzwyczajnego Michałowi Staszkowowi Ocena Kazimierza Kolańczyka

57%

Nancka G.

Z dziejów prawa

|

2020

|

tom 13(21)

373—387

EN

The present text aims to draw attention to the hitherto unanalysed matter of the evaluation of Michał Staszków’s scientific work, carried out by Kazimierz Kolańczyk, a scholar from Poznań specialising in Roman law. The evaluation of Michał Staszków’s efforts to obtain the title of associate professor, previously unanalysed and unpublished, is an interesting source of information as to the scientific perception of this Katowice-based scientist.

10

Historical and Legal Context and Significance… of Selected Roman Public Law Institutions of the Early Principate Described in Canonical Gospels of the New Testament

57%

Kubala M. T.

The Biblical Annals

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2021

|

tom 11

|

nr 4

659-687

EN

The article analyses the issues in question by means of a method used in the legal sciences which in the Polish methodology is called “the historical and legal method.” It involves presentation and analysis of selected legal institutions and of their evolution in time. The following issues-identified across the pages of the Gospel-are analysed in this article: political and systemic context of evangelical events (section 1), the role of censuses in the implementation of Roman administrative and systemic principles (section 2), Roman tax law in the context of tax burdens resting on residents of Judea (section 3) and the Roman judicial procedure in the context of the trial of Jesus (section 4). In the summary the author answers the research question asked in the introduction: to what degree does the historical and legal significance of selected institutions of Roman law, inspired by the description of these institutions in canonical gospels of the New Testament, determine the contemporary understanding of the gospels themselves?

11

Rękopis Digestum vetus ze zbiorów Biblioteki Kórnickiej PAN

57%

Baran-Kozłowski W.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

|

2014

|

nr 2(7)

39-62

EN

Currently in the collection of the Kórnik Library, the manuscript, produced by order of the Emperor Justinian, contains Digestum vetus with the later gloss of Accursius. It is considered one of the most interesting copies of this work in Europe, its rank determined mainly by the rich iconographic program consisting of 25 initials and over 230 illustrations in the margins, the majority of which are multiform scenes. Art historians studying the discussed manuscript indicate that among numerous manuscripts of the Digestum preserved in European collections, there is not another one with such a gorgeous illustrative programme. The miniature illustrations in initials, produced by a single master, open subsequent books of the Digests, referring specifi cally to the content of the fi rst titles of given books. The remaining 238 marginal miniatures were made by three illustrators working in parallel on particular signatures to the manuscript. The analysis of their dispersion on each page has revealed that they were produced once the marginal gloss of Accursius was written down. In most cases the illustrations directly illustrate case studies contained in the Digestum. These miniatures were designed so as to facilitate the perception of the text of the Digestum, help in memorising specifi c cases and to facilitate the search in the entire comprehensive codifi cation. In light of recent fi ndings of art historians, this manuscript was produced in several stages. First, the text of the Digestum was written, probably in northern Italy, in the last quarter of the twelfth century, then, in France in the 1230s the marginal gloss of Accarsius was added and illuminations prepared. This Code came to Poland in the fi fteenth century, owing to the canon of Kraków and the scholastic of Płock Dersław of Karnice, who bought it during his studies in Italy in the years 1469–1471. The manuscript spent 300 years in the library of the Chapter of Płock, where he was purchased by Tadeusz Czacki to be located it in the Poryck Library. Then Digesta were bought by Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, and stored in the Library of Puławy, from where with a considerable part of manuscripts, it was ultimately transported to the Działyński Library in Kórnik, which has housed them to this day.

12

Utilitas publica z perspektywy prawa rzymskiego i polskiego

57%

Sitek B.

Themis Polska Nova

|

2014

|

nr 1(6)

21-35

EN

The concept of „public utility”, used in contemporary language of the law and juridical language, was also used in Roman law as utilitas publica. This concept allows to separate the public sphere from the private sector. However, the boundary between sphere of public sphere and private sector have not always been blurred since ancient times. In ancient Rome, the boundary between what was public and what was private was changing and depended on a type of political system, an understanding of the public good or the boundaries of individual’s autonomy. In contemporary times there is also a debate over how far should the powers of the State reach. There is even a discussion about the redefinition of the State, and even about the need for withdrawing the State from the areas of activities traditionally belonging to its empire. It is assumed that the public utility is a service as well as leading production used to meet the needs of all people in a continuous manner. It is not required, that this availability is truly enjoyed by all.

13

Aequitas i iustitia w rzymskiej praktyce prawnej

57%

Kuryłowicz M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio G. Ius

|

2019

|

tom 66

|

nr nr 1 Księga Jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesorowi Lechowi Dubelowi

173-188

XX

Aequitas (słuszność) była częścią rzymskiego pojęcia prawa (ius est ars boni et aequi), które w koncepcji rzymskiej wywodziło się od sprawiedliwości (iustitia). Słuszność i sprawiedliwość w szerszym znaczeniu można odnaleźć w wielu sentencjach i regułach prawa rzymskiego, przytoczonych w niniejszym artykule. Tworzyły one ważne również dzisiaj argumenty i topiki w rozumowaniach oraz uzasadnieniach prawniczych. Kryteria słuszności i sprawiedliwości stosowane były ponadto przez jurystów rzymskich przy rozstrzyganiu konkretnych przypadków prawnych (kazusów - przykłady w tekście). Najwyraźniej odwoływał się w Rzymie do aequitas edykt pretorski. W rezultacie to właśnie prawo pretorskie, stosowane praktycznie w procesie, stało się głównym nurtem słusznościowym w prawie rzymskim. Za pretorami stała silnie działalność rzymskiej jurysprudencji, zmierzającej w ogólności do realizowania sprawiedliwości oraz upowszechniania zasad dobra i słuszności. W ten sposób juryści w swej praktycznej działalności pełnili rolę kapłanów prawa i sprawiedliwości (sacerdotes iustitiae). Idea słuszności, niesiona przez prawo rzymskie, stała się z czasem fundamentalną tezą europejskiej kultury prawnej. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

Aequitas (equity) was part of the Roman conception of law (ius est ars boni et aequi), which in turn was, according to Roman jurists, grounded in justice (iustitia). The ideas of aequitas and iustitia in the broad sense are also found in various Latin legal phrases, a selection of which is cited in this article. They constitute significant arguments and topics in legal reasoning and justification even today. Some criteria of equity and justice can also be seen in how the concepts of aequitas or iustitia are applied to different situations (cases) or legal institutions (examples in the article). The most evident reference to aequitas in Rome was in the Praetor's Edict and, consequently, it was the Praetor's law, practically enforced in court, that turned into the main equity tendency in Roman law. Praetors were supported by the strongly deliberative activity of Roman jurisprudence. As a result, lawyers occupied the already accepted role of priests of law and justice (sacerdotes iustitiae). The discussed concepts were thus an expression of a creative approach to statutory interpretation. They stressed what was socially, morally and legally good, right and just, in the application of law. The idea of equity, conveyed by Roman law, eventually became a fundamental thesis of European legal culture. (original abstract)

14

Commons — dobra wspólnie użytkowane. Prawnoporównawcze aspekty korzystania z zasobów wodnych (Grzegorz Blicharz)

57%

Szymaniec P.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2019

|

nr 5(154)

149–155

EN

This text is an analysis of Grzegorz Blicharz’s book on common-pool resources. The benefits which can be acquired by lawyers through using the concept of goods developed in economics have been pointed out. It is also emphasized that in Blicharz’s considerations, the use of Roman law as a specific pattern of commons regulation is a new element in the context of the hitherto literature on the subject. The author’s presentation of the public trust doctrine, developed by the US Supreme Court in its jurisprudence on environmental goods, may be relevant to Polish debates on ownership. In addition, the work of G. Blicharz can be considered a good introduction to empirical research on the legal aspects of management of jointly used water resources in Poland.

15

Wolność do religii czy wolność od religii

57%

Wołodkiewicz W.

Themis Polska Nova

|

2014

|

nr 2(7)

5-13

EN

The paper discusses the attitude of the Roman Empire towards Christianity during the period of Principate and Dominate, as a side theme to the debate on religious liberty launched at the time of the Vatican Council II. It analyzes the approach of emperors to religious views in the Theodosian and Justinianic Codes. It also touches upon the relations between the State and the Church in the present situation of the III Polish Republic.

16

Ignorantia iuris nocet Principle in selected Polish legal regulations – outline of the problem

57%

Szyłkowska M.

Safety & Defense

|

2019

|

tom 2

35--40

EN

This article presents reflection made in the field of Roman legal thought in selected Polish legal regulations with potential impact on the functioning of the individual. The universal form of the principle – regardless of the legal system – implies a potential threat to the functioning of the individual in the form of uncertainty. The purpose of this publication is to indicate the need to update legal regulations regarding the indicated matter – in particular – in the form of an obligatory examination for the courts of the statute of limitations in a situation where a natural person is a party to the proceedings. Accurate provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure, Code of Civil Procedure and selected court sentences were presented. In the research process, was made extensive use of qualitative research methods, including in the form of analyses (e.g.: legal and institutional analysis, comparative analysis, system nalysis and methods: analysis and logical construction), generalization and implication. In turn, among quantitative research methods, intensively was used statistical analysisand a diagnostic sounding survey. In addition to the literature analysis – important support of the research process was the examination of documents (including provisions of national law) and available sources of knowledge about the problems studied. The source material included both open access and published studies in specialist journals. At this stage of the research, have been analysed the applicable legal regulations and selected sentences of Polish Courts. The mentioned above, empirical methods included the following: a diagnostic sounding survey – conducted in the form of surveys using the CAWI technique. The empirical stage of the research also consisted in the assessment of the legal status. The cognitive and utilitarian premises of the problems are the implementation of the adopted hypothesis: Ignorantia iuris nocetPrinciple in connection with numerous amendments to regulations may have negative consequences for the functioning of the individual.

17

John Chrysostom’s Discourse on Property Ownership: An Analysis from the Perspective of Roman Law

57%

Yingxue C.

Vox Patrum

|

2022

|

tom 83

221-246

EN

Unlike the dominant but simplified view of previous scholarship that Chrysostom stands in opposition to Roman property law, his attitude towards Roman law concerning property ownership is quite complicated. Insisting on the belief that things are created for common use and God is the ultimate owner of the world, Chrysostom denies various modes of property acquisition approved by Roman law (inheritance, thesauri inventio, and specificatio ) to be righteous, but when clarifying the limited and inferior human right over things in comparison with that of God, he never hesitates to use the Roman legal terms χρῆσις and δεσποτεία. Moreover, based on the conviction that the worldly economic order derives from divine providence, he confines his enumeration of the things shared in common mainly to the Res communes and Res publicae or Res universitatis under Roman law and persuades his audience to help those in need with the wealth temporarily under their stewardship. As a rhetorical strategy, Chrysostom’s use and manipulation of Roman legal language and thought aimed to promote almsgiving

18

Rozważania na temat badań Michała Staszkowa i Edwarda Szymoszka na Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Katowicach

57%

GLÜCK M.

Z dziejów prawa

|

2020

|

tom 13(21)

405—416

EN

In the period from 1968 till 2018, the study of Roman law at the University of Silesia in Katowice was carried out, among others, by Michał Staszków and Edward Szymoszek. These two scholars were not only the first lecturers of this subject at the Faculty of Law and Administration in Katowice, but also during their academic careers, they contributed to the expansion of knowledge in this area of law. In the field of Roman law, Michał Staszków researched Roman litigation process, and his most popular works on this subject are the articles Vindicta, Vindex and the monographic work “Vim dicere. Studies on the origins of the Roman litigation process” [Studia nad genezą procesu rzymskiego]. As for the second of the aforementioned scholars — Edward Szymoszek, we can state, on the basis of his works, that the object of his interest was the school of glossators and Roman litigation process, with the emphasis on the status of a judge. During the fifty years of the Faculty of Law and Administration in Katowice, the two Roman law experts undoubtedly exerted influence on the development of Roman law. They were connected not only by the fact that they taught Roman law, but also by their interests. Later in his career, Edward Szymoszek made an insightful analysis of the works of Michał Staszków, and the work of his predecessor influenced the direction of his later research in the field of litigation.

19

Kanon 40 (contingit interdum) IV Soboru Laterańskiego (1215) a prawo rzymskie

57%

Korporowicz Ł. J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

|

2017

|

nr nr 80 W nurcie zagadnień prawa kanonicznego i wyznaniowego. Cz. 1

47-54

XX

W artykule zostały przedstawione cechy wspólne postępowania zaocznego w prawie rzymskim (w szczególności w epoce prawa justyniańskiego) oraz prawie kanonicznym epoki średniowiecza. Punktem wyjścia dla prowadzenia rozważań był kan. 40 IV Soboru Laterańskiego (1215 r.). Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, iż recepcja rzymskich rozwiązań przez kościelny porządek prawny nie była jedynie działaniem mechanicznym, lecz sytuowana była także w perspektywie dostosowania starożytnych mechanizmów prawnych do wymogów doktryny chrześcijańskiej. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The article discusses the problem of familiar features of the proceedings in default in Roman law (especially in Justinian's law) and the medieval canon law. The starting point of this analysis is can. 40 of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). The undertaken study has shown that the reception of Roman legal solution by the legal system of the Church was not only mechanical, but it was also situated in the context of adapting ancient legal provisions to the doctrinal needs of the Christianity.(original abstract)

20

Sir John Fortescue i narodziny angielskiej teorii konstytucyjnej

57%

Tulejski T. D.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2021

|

nr 5(166)

133-159

EN

Sir John Fortescue, Chancellor of King Henry VI is the first writer to analyse the political system of England by referring to English political practice. Long before Montesquieu, he noticed the relationship between the political system and the social conditions of his country. Explaining the nature of the English constitution and law, he compare it with the political and legal devices of other countries. That is why he contrasts the systems based on Roman law with English common law. In the article, the author argues that the basis of the Fortescue’s reflection is the rejection of Roman law, because he defends the English political tradition against the continental concept of sovereignty.