Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Josl Rakower Addresses God

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Rakower J.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2007

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tom 3

284-286

EN

Purportedly, a Warsaw ghetto document, addressed to posterity, a spiritual testament of a religious Jew, a hassid who had fought in the Warsaw ghetto uprising, and in the last moments of his life describes his 'endless road of suffering' to turn into a devoted prayer to the his silent God.

2

The Posthumous Life of the Nazi Propaganda - Postwar Films on the Warsaw Ghetto

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Lysak T.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2006

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nr 54-55

163-176

EN

Nazi archival footage realized in the Warsaw Ghetto has become a staple element of postwar documentary films. The early films relied heavily on editing and voice over commentary in order to lay bare the propagandist angle of the generic material. However, with the passage of time filmmakers started to perceive the fruits of German documentary work as problematic. The article analyzes three films: Jerzy Bossak's 'Requiem for 500 000' (1962), Jolanta Dylewska's 'The Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising According to Marek Edelman' (1993) and '912 Days of the Warsaw Ghetto' (2001) trying to pinpoint the ways of undoing the 'evil eye' of the Nazi footage by palimpsest re-editing, individual testimony and recent digital manipulation of found footage. Furthermore, it postulates a quest for an ethics of seeing pertaining to the specificity of the material.

3

Současná konkretizace fotografií z varšavského ghetta

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Stransky M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2004

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tom 40

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nr 1-2

117-139

EN

The largest Jewish ghetto in Nazi occupied Europe was a closed space, literally and figuratively, and 'an event closed in time'. The area of Warsaw where it had been was completely razed to the ground in 1943 and almost all of its inhabitants were murdered during the Second World War. With some exaggeration one could state that most of the world was only able to 'see' the ghetto at a time when neither the place nor its inhabitants existed any longer, and then only through the medium of photographs and film clips. Although it is not crucial for an understanding of history, the visual experience, as mediated by photographs, is unique and cannot be put into words. The photographs of the Warsaw ghetto come mainly from three sources: photographs taken by Jews (an insider's perspective intended as testimony for the outside world); snapshots taken secretly by German soldiers (an outside perspective on an 'exotic' environment); and film clips intended for official Nazi propaganda (the deliberate manipulation of reality). The aim of this work is to provide a semiological analysis of these photographs from the perspective of the intention of the photographer and from the perspective of possible contemporary interpretations of their message.

4

PAWIAK PRISON AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF WARSAW UNDER NAZI OCCUPATION (1939-1944) (Pawiak a spolecznosc zydowska okupowanej Warszawy 1939-1944)

80%

Person K.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2010

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nr 4(236)

411-423

EN

The prison compound located between Dzielna, Pawia and Więzienna streets, the co-called Pawiak, served as the central German prison in Warsaw in the years 1939-1944. During that time, some 100,000 inmate passed through Pawiak, many of them Jews. The Jews of Pawiak can be divided into several groups. The first group were those incarcerated in Pawiak even before the Warsaw ghetto was closed, for ordinary offences, including the failure to wear an arm band with the Star of David on it. The second group were hostages, arrested based on lists of names, who typically found themselves there due to the social positions held, including those arrested in connection with the so-called Kott Case, and a group of intellectuals of Jewish origin who were arrested during campaigns directed against Polish intelligentsia. The third group were Jews holding passports of the United States and Latin American countries, interned in three groups between April and July 1942. This group could also include 400 former residents of Hotel Polski, brought to Pawiak in July 1943, more than 300 of whom were executed in the vicinity of the prison. Probably the largest group of Pawiak's Jewish inmates were those imprisoned there for staying illegally on the ‘Aryan' side, including Emanuel Ringelblum, the architect of the underground Warsaw Ghetto Archives, executed in March 1944.

5

'We Want to Believe in a Different Poland'. Polish-Jewish Relationship in the Jewish Underground Press in Warsaw

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Ben-Sasson H.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2005

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tom 1

96-113

EN

Although numerous writings have referred to Polish-Jewish relationships since the end of the Second World War, they have mainly focused on the Polish reaction toward the Jews, whilst the Jewish position toward the Polish society was somewhat neglected. The following paper is aimed to assess the Polish image held by Polish Jews during the war as it is reflected in the Jewish Underground Press in Warsaw. Based on articles published by political parties, youth movements and underground organizations from the Warsaw Ghetto the way Jews viewed, defined and thought about their surroundings during the war is uncovered. Tracing these images raises questions regarding Jews, Poles and their relationship.

6

COMPETITION FOR A PROJECT OF THE WARSAW MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN POLAND. COMMENTS BY A MUSEUM SPECIALIST (Konkurs na projekt Muzeum Historii Zydów Polskich w Warszawie. Uwagi muzealnika)

80%

Rottermund A.

Muzealnictwo

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2005

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nr 46

70-76

EN

The competition held by the Jewish Historical Institute for a project of the Warsaw Museum of the History of the Jews in Poland was an important event in Polish artistic life. The erection of the Museum will be also of relevance for museums all over the world since it proposed an entirely new formula of portraying the history of the Jewish nation living in one of the European states. The Warsaw museum will not limit itself to presenting the tragedy of the Holocaust, in the manner of, e. g. the Holocaust Museum in Washington, or the life and annihilation of Jews-residents of a single city, as in the case of the Jewish Museum in Berlin. Its intention is to enable the public to become acquainted with the history of the Jewish nation and the diversity of its culture, created in Polish lands for almost a thousand years. The project envisages a modern multimedia education and culture centre, whose formula will be distant from a traditional museum based on a display of its collections and exhibits. The public and service-commercial programmes will be linked by means of entrance and inner communication spaces, and include: a permanent exhibition on an area of 4200 sq. metres, changing exhibitions, an educational centre, a library and a mediatheque, a multimedia hall for Jewish communes, a children's playroom, a multi-functional auditorium, and projection rooms. The service-commercial programme will encompass a restaurant, a snack bar, shops intended for museum visitors and local residents, and parking lots. The selection of the best competition projects was determined by the merits of the functional-utilitarian programme as well as the qualities represented by the architectural form, the ability of blending the new building into the surrounding, and the symbolic contents of the building's architecture. The authors focused on the Holocaust tragedy which transpired in this area, the heroism of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, and the ghetto's final levelling to the ground. The point of reference for the projects was the Monument of the Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto, commemorating the tragedy of the Warsaw Jews and unveiled in 1948 - one of the best recognised worldwide icons associated with Warsaw and the history of the Jews in Poland. The characteristic features of the winning project proposed by the Finnish Lahdelma and Mahlamaki Architects team include a highly meticulous inner modular organisation, flexibly planned spaces surrounding the central part of the building, and a startling design of the public space around the Monument of the Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto. One of the striking suggestions is a dramatic split along the whole height of the regular cubicoid of the building's solid - a recollection of the parting of the Yam Suph Sea which enabled the Israelites to safely pass to the Promised Land. In this manner, the authors included into the architecture a Biblical event to revive the memory of the centuries-old history of the Polish Jews and to celebrate a ritual of a transition to a new epoch for both our nations.

7

'HE SMILED AT ME AND SENT KISSES WITH HIS HAND'. ON DORA SZTATMAN'S TESTIMONY ('Usmiechal sie do mnie i przesylal mi reka pocalunki'. O relacji Dory Sztatman)

80%

Sulej K. , Leociak J.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2009

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tom 5

455-459

EN

An analysis and interpretation of Dora Sztatman's text, part of a folder of documents in Ringelblum Archive (Ring I, 1092; nowa sygn. ARG I 288). The text is an account of a young Jewish woman's encounter with two German officers in the Municipal Courts building in Leszno Street and their walk together to the 'Aryan side'. It is an attempt of looking at the historical document not only as a testimony of actual events, but particualrly as a trace of 'mental facts' - desire, dream, denial.

8

How the 'Aryan Side' was seen from within the Warsaw ghetto. Barbara Engelking talks with professor Israel Gutman

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Engelking B. , Gutman I.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2005

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tom 1

230-233

EN

Professor Israel Gutman tells Barbara Engelking how the 'Aryan Side' was seen from within the Warsaw ghetto

9

WARSAW GHETTO PAPERS AS SOURCE FOR STUDIES OF POLISH-JEWISH RELATIONS (Prasa getta warszawskiego jako zródlo do badan stosunków polsko-zydowskich)

80%

Prekerowa T.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2009

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nr 3(231)

347-355

EN

By reaching for the collections of Jewish underground press preserved in the Ringelblum Archives, the authoress makes a review of statements about Poland and Poles published in individual papers in the years 1939-1942. She presents the position of individual organizations which published the journals, follows the evolution of the approach to the subject over time, points to differences of view within one and the same organization but also attempts to identify the principal dividing lines between various groups in this regard. The text is a transcript of an address delivered by the authoress on the 51st anniversary of the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Despite their general nature, her findings remain valid to this day.

10

Socio-Political Assessment of the Nature of World War II in the Warsaw Ghetto's Underground Press

80%

Kendziorek P.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2006

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nr 3(219)

341-353

EN

The article looks at the assessment of the socio-political nature of ongoing war in the underground press of the Warsaw Ghetto. The subject matter was in the centre of disputes particularly before the German attack against the Soviet Union, when two approaches to these problems evolved among the Jewish Left underground. The proponents of the one approach invoked the Communist concept of intra-imperialist war (to which the workers' movement should respond with the so-called revolutionary defeatism), while the advocates of the other school of thought saw the war as a clash between a camp of totalitarian fascist regimes and Western democracies. One additional contribution to the dispute, which went beyond that division, was the approach expounded in the press by anti-Stalinist Communists invoking Leon Trotsky's ideals, who formulated the theory of the so-called Jacobin war as the recommended groundwork of the activities of the workers' movement in democratic countries.

11

BETWEEN THE GHETTO AND HEAVEN, OR THE LAST PERFORMANCE IN JANUSZ KORCZAK'S ORPHANAGE (Miedzy gettem a niebem, czyli o ostatnim przedstawieniu w Domu Sierot Janusza Korczaka)

80%

Witkowska A.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2009

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nr 3(231)

312-326

EN

The article is an attempt at a historical and anthropological reconstruction of the last production of Rabindranath Tagore's play 'The Post Office', which took place at Janusz Korczak's orphanage in the Warsaw ghetto in July 1942. It also shows hitherto unknown threads related to that event and shows the context in which the orphanage operated in the last months before the transportation to Treblinka.

12

Did Poles Fight in Ghetto Uprising? A Study of Polish Allies of Jewish Military Union

80%

Grabski A.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2007

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nr 4(224)

422-434

EN

The history of the Jewish Military Union (ZZW) regarding its relations with the Polish underground has been subject to various manipulations. The author believes it is not possible to deny any aid from the group lead by Henryk Iwanski alias Bystry for ZZW although its involvement in the struggle in the ghetto during the April-May 1943 uprising should be ruled out. This is also proved by documents from the former Union of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy (ZBoWiD). On the other hand, assistance to ZZW from the 'Polish Popular Independence Action' (Polska Niepodleglosciowa Akcja Ludowa - PLAN) headed by Cezary Szemley (Janusz Ketling-Szemley) is quite well documented. That assistance has so far been ignored or played down not only by the falsifiers from the Military Organization - Security Cadres but also by Jewish historians, to name Chaim Lazar, Dawid Wdowinski or Marian Apfelbaum. Fresh light is shed on PLAN operations by documents from its commander's private archives that have not been tapped so far.

13

Jewish Military Union in Warsaw Ghetto

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Wojcicki M.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2006

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nr 1(217)

35-47

EN

This article sheds a different than the prevailing light on the history of the Jewish Military Union (ZZW) in the Warsaw Ghetto. According to the author, this organisation was set up in the summer of 1942 by underground Zionist revisionist units and operated independently until the April 1943 uprising. The contacts between ZZW and the Polish underground were hardly vast, they were largely limited to commercial deals. In the period preceding the Ghetto uprising, ZZW probably carried out several operations against German agents and operatives. During the uprising the ZZW fighters were active chiefly in the area of Muranowski Square. Nearly all the ZZW members perished, including all the commanders

14

How Poles perceived the ghetto from the outside. Jakub Petelewicz talks with Jerzy Tomaszewski

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Tomaszewski J. , Petelewicz J.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2005

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tom 1

239-245

EN

Jakub Petelewicz talks with Professor Jerzy Tomaszewski about the Polish-Jewish relations in Warsaw under nazi occupation.

15

THE NON-REMEMBRANCE OF THE GHETTO (Niepamiec getta)

80%

Klekot E.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2009

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tom 63

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nr 1-2(284-285)

42-46

EN

All the accounts presented by guides showing Warsaw to assorted visitors contain a considerable dose of martyrology: much is said about violence. The material reality of the Muranów district, however, entails non-remembrance. The original project launched by Lachert was to recall violence, but its ideological premises, which compelled people to inhabit grey housing estates made out of rubble-concrete, were rapidly tamed so that it became possible to forget. Oxygenator, realised in the summer of 2007 by Joanna Rajkowska, countered the project of a monument commemorating the victims of the Volhynian Massacre, immersed in a plebeian aesthetic of the macabresque and emotions straight out of a horror movie. What does 'restoring memory' to Warsaw and Muranów actually denote? Does it signify a mere process of bringing up to date the narration of a non-existent town, and of including into the memory of the Second World War motifs which for many years remained outside the official discourse? The answer is: yes, or even: above all else. This, however, also means a restoration of the memory of the residents of post-war Muranów - in other words, understanding the phenomenon of non-remembrance.

16

The Destruction of 'shtetl Grice'

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Panz K.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2007

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tom 3

15-41

EN

This article discusses the history of the annihilation of 'sztetl Grice' (pol. Grójec), a Polish-Jewish town in Central Poland. In the first part of the article, the authoress describes the tragedy of the Jewish inhabitants of this small town: the creation and the destruction of the Jewish ghetto and the hardships undergone by those who lived there, and who were subsequently deported to the Warsaw ghetto. The history of the Grójec prisoners of the work camps in Skarzysko-Kamienna, Smolensk and Slomczyn are equally examined. In the second part of the article, the authoress analyses the Jewish-Polish relations in the occupied Grójec. She distinguishes two stages of these relations; the break between these two would have occured, she argues, at the time of deportation of the Jewish inhabitants of the town in February 1942 to the Warsaw ghetto. This event marked the beginning of the transformation of the sztetl Gritze into Judenrein, in which, up to now, the common Jewish-Polish past has been virtually non-existent/ obliterated.