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1
Content available Czy nadszedł czas wielkich pytań?
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One thing we cannot do is failing to address the issue of ‘what next’? Where are we heading? What are our objectives on the horizon of dreams and not short-term solutions? Where is mankind heading as a whole? It is you economists and managers I am aiming my questions at. I am incapable of finding a clear answer but I sincerely hope to discover it in your dissertations (going beyond your master, doctorate and habilitation theses). Thanks to the brilliant paradigm, our civilisation has made achievements which it tends to forget. Mankind today is living more comfortably than ever before. I want to raise a question if we are conscious of the fact that our privileges should be shared by all inhabitants of our planet. I wish to reflect on the good of a man – what does a human need to be fulfilled in all dimensions, not in the mere material one. How do we conceive of the future organization and identity of mankind? I asked school principals: Is it good to allow the sexes to become alike, to see women become masculine and men effeminate? Is the contrast of the sexes vital to the preservation of the human race? Does the tension resulting from the diversification matter? I do not intend to present my own intuitions; my wish would be finding some answers in humanities. Sadly, doctorate and habilitation theses tend to focus on marginal issues. Why does contemporary theology differ so considerably from what the contemporary world, contemporary physics or mathematics deal with on a regular basis?
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Content available Nauka i sztuka
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Praca jest esejem – zestawem luźnych myśli autora tyczących się nauki, sztuki, determinizmu i stochastyki. Liczne nawroty są metodą – Czytelnik jest zniewolony do zauważenia głównej idei szkicu. Podana literatura ma jedynie charakter pomocniczego światła pokazującego, że temat jest aktualny i ważny. Żyjemy w świecie zawładniętym sztuką i nauką.
EN
Sociological, philosophical and theological approaches to essence and role of a science are compared in offered article. Seven main principles by which Presidium NAS of Belarus and the Belarus orthodox church are guided in dialogue of a science and religion and in the cooperation are stated.
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Content available remote Review: "Odkrywanie aksjologicznego wymiaru nauki," by Agnieszka Lekka-Kowalik
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The article reviews the book Odkrywanie aksjologicznego wymiaru nauki [Discovering the Axiological Dimension of Science], by Agnieszka Lekka-Kowalik.
EN
After Poland’s regaining independence, a significant role in the organization of higher education institutions, the development of academic instruction and research as well as in the formation of awareness of the Polish academic community, was played by periodicals addressed to this group. One of such magazines was Szkoły Akademickie quarterly (1927-1928) and afterwards a yearbook (1928-1930). The article presents the questions of higher education addressed by this journal and the activities undertaken by the scientific community to solve them. The information included in the journal allowed moreover to indicate the most crucial activities of academic circles for the improvement of academic didactics and the development of scientific research.
PL
After Poland’s regaining independence, a significant role in the organization of higher education institutions,the development of academic instruction and research as well as in the formation of awareness of the Polish academic community, was played by periodicals addressed to this group. One of such magazines was Szkoły Akademickie quarterly (1927-1928) and afterwards a yearbook (1928-1930). The article presents the questions of higher education addressed by this journal and the activities undertaken by the scientific community to solve them. The information included in the journal allowed moreover to indicate the most crucial activities of academic circles for the improvement of academic didactics and the development of scientific research.
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Content available CONSERVATIVE AND PROGRESSIVE COMPONENTS IN SCIENCE
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PL
The development of science, proceeding at a higher and higher speed, leads to the creation of new concepts, theories, and ideas. They constitute a progressive component of science. However, scientific development does not mean that everything that was accepted earlier has to be given up. New elements may be acquired and exist together with the old ones. Such old elements constitute a conservative component of science. That is why modern science shows itself as a wholeness constituted by the above-mentioned components.
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Content available Dyskusja redakcyjna. Reformy w szkolnictwie wyższym
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The subject of the debate was the main elements of the reform in the way higher education functions, implemented from October 2019. The background of the reform was discussed, including the historical and mental conditions of the academic community, and then the reform programming phase (e.g. consultation procedures), the phase of implementing changes (including the issue of adjusting the publication of regulations) and the sphere of new or additional incentives were discussed. which introduced new regulations into academic life (e.g. new rules for obtaining points by scholars for publications, new evaluation rules to which universities are subject, rules for creating statutes).
PL
Przedmiotem debaty były główne elementy wdrażanej od października 2019 r. reformy w sposobie funkcjonowania szkolnictwa wyższego. Omawiane było tło reformy, w tym uwarunkowania historyczne, mentalne środowiska akademickiego, a następnie dyskutowana była faza programowania reformy (m.in. procedury konsultacji), faza wdrażania zmian (m.in. problematyka dopasowania ukazywania się rozporządzeń) oraz sfera nowych czy dodatkowych bodźców, które wprowadziły do życia akademickiego nowe regulacje (np. nowe zasady uzyskiwania punktów przez uczonych za publikacje, nowe zasady ewaluowania, którym podlegają uczelnie, zasady tworzenia statutów).
EN
At present, one of the most important lines of state policy is regulation of development of scientific, research and innovative sphere, which is to a large extent reasoned by significant influence of scientific processes on modernization of the present economy. In this connection, issues of effective management of scientific activity both at the federal and at the regional levels become the most important ones. Inter alia, we speak of creation of system for stimulation of interaction of economic entities and scientific organizations with the purpose of development, testing and implementation of advanced Russian technologies into production processes. Individual regions in the framework of their powers frequently use their own stimulation mechanisms, and as a result of implementation thereof, significant differentiation of innovative activity level of Russian enterprises in various subjects of the Russian Federation takes place. Peculiarities of state scientific and engineering policy, preconditions and lines of improvement of state regulation of development of scientific activity in Russia are considered in the article. The author paid special attention to development of recommendations on improvement of this mechanism at the regional level under the current conditions.
EN
The article is an elaboration and a critique of certain aspects of the discussion on the relationship between theology and the natural sciences, with special consideration given to the methodological level. In the paper, I will show that in the domain of the natural sciences, there is a crucial and substantial evolution of methodology in terms of the scientific explanation, theories of truth, methods for justifying scientific hypotheses, etc. I will point out the specific loci where theology can effectively meet science, conserving, however, its autonomy and specificity. Modern cosmology is presented as a special case study in this discussion.
EN
With the development of science and technology, a basically optimistic ideology of progress has emerged. This deterministic attitude has been challenged in recent decades as a result of harmful side-effects generated by the way technology and science have been approached and used. The study presented here is a part of a larger international and comparative study dealing with global/environmental issues related to political orientation, science and technology. 3 080 pre-service teachers from Finland, Greece, Sweden, Japan and Holland answered a closed-end survey instrument. The results of this study show that none of the sample country respondents identified themselves as optimists concerning the impact of science and technology on society and environment. The no-stance and the pessimistic attitudes towards technology and science seem to derive from the human and environmental costs associated with science and technology development. A strong connection was found between environmental consciousness and attitudes towards the role and impact of science and technology on society. These results indicate that society and education, in particular, should place higher critical concerns about scientific and technological issues and their relation to the development of a sustainable society.
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Content available remote Carl Schmitt mezi vědou a proroctvím
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This article sets out the fundamental intellectual starting points of Carl Schmitt. It is concerned chiefly with his conception of law, the main features of his political philosophy, and his attitude to liberalism, parliamentarism, democracy, and the Nazi dictatorship. It also takes into account the way in which he used historical arguments to support his ideas. Particular attention is paid to the concept of the political, which Schmitt considered an independent sphere of human existence, one based on diff erentiating between friend and foe, an act performed by the wielder of sovereign political power. It is precisely the question of power and, linked to it, sovereign decision, which form the core of politics. Ethical or economic criteria must not enter this sphere. The natural framework in which the political is applied is the State, which appears outwardly in the sphere of foreign policy. In domestic policy the State is based on the identity of the ruler(s) and the ruled. In the twentieth century, however, according to Schmitt, this conception of politics and the State underwent a crisis with serious consequences, which lay either in the invasion of universalist tendencies undermining the special character of the State or in the subordination of politics (as the pure exercise of power) to particular interests, backroom deals, and compromises.
CS
Článek vytyčuje základní intelektuální východiska Carla Schmitta. Zabývá se především jeho koncepcí práva, hlavními rysy politické filosofie a jeho přístupem k liberalismu, parlamentarismu, demokracii a nacistické diktatuře. Bere také v potaz, jak k podepření svých tezí využíval historických argumentů. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována pojmu politično, které Schmitt pokládal za nezávislou sféru lidské existence, založenou na rozlišování přátel a nepřátel, prostřednictvím suverénního rozhodnutí držitele politické moci. A právě otázky moci a s tím spojených mocenských rozhodnutí, formují podstatu politiky. Etická a ekonomická kritéria nemusí do této sféry vůbec vstoupit. Přirozeným rámcem, kde je politično aplikováno, je stát, který se vnějškově vymezuje ve sféře zahraniční politiky. V domácí politice je stát založen na identitě vládce (vládců) a ovládaných. Podle Schmitta však ve dvacátém století prošla koncepce politiky a státu krizí se zásadními dopady, spočívající buď na invazi univerzalistických tendencí, které podemílají zvláštní charakter státu, nebo podřízení politiky (jako čistého uplatňování moci) partikulárním zájmům, zákulisním dohodám a kompromisům.
EN
The current requirements of the constantly changing needs of the market, forcing companies to look for innovative ways to improve its competitive position. Innovation is a key element in the competitiveness of enterprises, but requires scientific advice to the detailed design and effective implementation of planned activities. In this paper authors raise the issue of knowledge transfer between business practice and representatives of the science and research, carried out on the basis of test results.
14
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Academic science education is currently in crisis, which primarily involves the transmission of thinking skills as a priority task of the university. The author sketches a picture of this crisis by contrasting two theoretical models of teaching and learning at the university which are essentially identified with the terms “rhizoming” and Bildung. The presented ways of using the models in academic practice are used to consider the possibilities of overcoming the crisis and determining the conditions.
EN
Currently, the most important preconditions for efficient development of the Russian economy include improvement of production infrastructure, use of advanced technologies and scientific support of economic processes, both nationally and in certain regions. In this connection, scientific development, the performing of fundamental and applied research, activation of innovative activity of Russian enterprises and integration of science and production have become the most relevant issues. As it is proved in practice, programming is an efficient tools for management of sectorial processes and may be effectively applied in coordination of the development of scientific processes in a certain territory. Aspects of programming evolution and the peculiarities and prospects of the use of this toolset under modern economic conditions are considered in this article, along with recommendations for improvement of management of Russian scientific and research activity. The authors also designed an algorithm for a scientific and research activity development program at the regional level that produces a systemic vision of the conditions necessary for implementation of scientific and innovative potential of the development of the economy of a certain territory. This algorithm produces a detailed understanding of the conditions necessary for implementation of the scientific and innovative potential of the development of a regional economy. Moreover, this algorithm assists in forming an efficient toolset for management of scientific and research activity and improving the competitiveness of the territorial economy.
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The purpose of this article is to show the opinions of the eminent Polish scholars on principal problems of science and university teaching. These scholars took part in a convention organized by the Mianowski Fund in Warsaw on 2–3 April 1927. It was dedicated to two major themes: the situation of higher schools in the face of the necessity of providing professional training for masses of youth and the preparation of a part of students for research work. Academic teachers discussed how to harmonise these (and many others) functions of higher education. The convention was attended by delegates of all most important higher schools in Poland and by representatives of the government, with President Ignacy Mościcki.
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Content available Educational Challenges in Reference to Management
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The changing conditions of the functioning of modern organizations are the basic premise for emphasizing in the article the role of education and science in preparing potential and current entrepreneurs to meet the requirements of competitive struggle resulting from the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The speech emphasized the legitimacy of making and / or perceiving modifications to educational processes, especially in terms of future challenges.
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Content available Scholar and researchers: a typology
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Three types of scholars are identified: precursor, savant, and instigator. Scholars produce creative and seminal ideas that serve to advance science. In parallel, three types of researchers are singled out: replicator, erudite, and outsider. Their work lacks creativity and originality, being mostly imitative and derivative. Science (the body of knowledge) is advanced by some, and hampered by other factors.
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Content available Mikhail Murav’ev, a poet and tutor of virtue
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Murav’ev was a poet of moderate importance for the eighteenth century Russian literature. He was also a tutor of Catherine II’s grandsons, Alexander and Constantine. In this capacity, he prepared numerous handouts to teach Russian history, politics, science, and ethics. Murav’ev stressed the preeminence of virtue in everyone’s life. The voice of the heart should be the guide in resolving moral problems. This voice is the gift of God and as such it can be usually trusted. Thus, morality is based on theology. Murav’ev’s theology presents a grand vision of providential God who appears to be viewed from the unitarian perspective.
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