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1

Adsorption of Naproxen Sodium from Aqueous Solutions on Commercial Activated Carbons

100%

Lach J. , Szymonik A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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tom Vol. 20, nr 10

241--251

EN

The pollution of surface and drinking water with pharmaceuticals is one of the growing problems. One of the groups used in large quantities involves nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which can be bought without a prescription. This group includes naproxen, which was identified in wastewater, surface water and even drinking water all over the world. The aim of the study was to assess the opportunities for the removal of naproxen sodium from water using carbon sorbents. The measurements were carried out for three commercial microporous (WG-12 and F-300) and micro-mesoporous (ROW 08 Supra) activated carbons. The kinetics and statics of adsorption were studied. The adsorption from solutions with pH from 6 to 10 and temperature from 20°C to 40°C was analysed. It was found that the higher the pH, the lower the adsorption and the higher the temperature, the greater the adsorption of naproxen sodium. The highest adsorption of naproxen sodium was obtained for the F-300 activated carbon, whereas the lowest – for the ROW 08 Supra activated carbon. It was found that the adsorption results depend on many factors, the most important of which include hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups of naproxen sodium and phenolic groups on the surface of activated carbons and electrostatic repulsion between the anions of naproxen sodium and negatively charged the surface of the activated carbon. The results of adsorption kinetics were described with the following models: pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich. The highest values of correlation coefficient R2 were obtained for the pseudo-second order and Elovich model. The results of adsorption statics were described using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. A good match between isotherms and the obtained results was obtained for the Freundlich and Temkin equations. It was found based on the adsorption intensity 1/n and distribution coefficient RL that this process was beneficial for all the considered activated carbons and the investigated adsorption conditions.

2

Chemical Capacitor Based on Activated Carbon Powder and Poly(vinyl alcohol)-H2SO4 Proton Conducting Polymer Electrolyte

100%

Lewandowski A. , Galiński M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2001

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tom Vol. 75, nr 12

1913-1920

EN

A totally solid state electric double layer capacitor was fabricated using a PVA-H2SO4-H2O polymer electrolyte and activated carbon powder (ACP) as an electrode material. The polymer electrolyte served both as a separator as well as a binder of carbon powder. The PVA-H2SO4-H2O (separator) as well as PVA-H2SO4-H20-ACP foils were prepared by the solution cast technique. The electric performance of the capacitors was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging/discharging and impedance spectroscopy. The prototype capacitors were assembled by contacting three foils (electrode + electrolyte + electrode) having a thickness of ca. 1.5-2 mm, a diameter of 1.8 cm and a capacity of ca. 0.6-1.5 F. The specific capacitance of ACP was estimated to be of ca. 130 F/g.

3

Activated carbons from common nettle as potential adsorbents for CO2 capture

100%

Szymańska A. , Skoczek A. , Przepiórski J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2019

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tom Vol. 21, nr 1

59--66

EN

Activated carbons (ACs) prepared from common nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) were studied in terms of carbon dioxide adsorption. ACs were prepared by KOH chemical activation in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures (ranging from 500 to 850°C). The pore structure and the surface characterization of the ACs were specified based on adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen measured at –196°C and carbon dioxide at 0°C. The specific surface area was calculated according to the BET equation. The pore volume was estimated using the DFT method. The highest values of the specific surface area (SSA) showed activated carbons produced at higher carbonization temperatures. All samples revealed presence of micropores and mesopores with a diameter range of 0.3–10 nm. The highest value of the CO2 adsorption, 4.22 mmol/g, was found for the material activated at 700°C.

4

An Alternative Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste on Chromium Removal

100%

Mahmudi M. , Arsad S. , Amelia M. C. , Rohmaningsih H. A. , Prasetiya F. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 8

1--9

EN

Corn cobs and bagasse are materials used for making activated carbon that are easy to find. Additionally, they are agricultural waste that cannot be consumed. This study aims to analyze the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely corn cobs and bagasse, in reducing the levels of chromium heavy metal, and to analyze the dose of activated carbon from agricultural waste which is effective in reducing the chromium levels in the batik waste. The method used was experimental with a completely randomized factorial design. The doses of activated carbon used were 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 g. Meanwhile, the contact times used were 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The results showed that the initial chromium content was 0.144 mg•L-1, and after given treatment it decreased to below 0.024 mg•L-1. The activated carbon from corn cobs and bagasse was able to reduce the chromium levels with the most effective dose of 2.5 g•L-1 and a contact time of 120 minutes. Meanwhile, the water quality parameters showed temperature stability (23–25°C) during the experimental period, while the pH increased to 9–11.

5

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Some TiO2/Carbon Composites

100%

Kulesius Z. , Valatka E.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2006

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tom Vol. 80, nr 2

335-344

EN

Anatase-type TiO2 composites with various allotropic forms of carbon (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and activated carbon) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The synthesis of TiO2/carbon composites was carried out by using acid-catalyzed sol-gel method, followed by drying in supercritical 2-propanol. The weight ratio mTiO2/mcarbon was 4 in all prepared samples. In order to compare the photoactivity of different catalysts, the phenol degradation was employed as a test reaction

6

Research of Adsorption Properties of Glauconite-Based Composite Adsorbents

100%

Bezdeneznych L. , Kharlamova O. , Shmandiy V. , Rigаs T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 6

147--154

EN

The article states that the receipt of insufficiently treated wastewater into water bodies is largely caused by the use of outdated water treatment technologies, the deterioration of the technological equipment, late adjustment of the technological regime, and effective methods of removing phosphates from water in decentralized water supply. In this regard, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures to prevent and reduce the deterioration of water quality, to develop the effective methods of removing the phosphorus-containing substances from wastewater, to conduct constant monitoring (through automated observation posts) of surface water quality with timely management decisions. The adsorption properties of granular composite materials based on glauconite were investigated The composite granular glauconite materials with sunflower husk adsorbent have been found to be most effective. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was 78%.

7

A Short Overview of the Possibilities of Using Waste from the Agri-Food Industry

100%

Joka Yildiz M. , Kalinowska M. , Kalinowska-Wichrowska K. , Gołębiewska E. , Tarasewicz P. , Bobin T. , Tarapata D. , Szatyłowicz E. , Piekut J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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tom Vol. 17, no 2

342--352

EN

The agri-food industry is a source of various substrates - plants as well as plant and animal residues or waste, which can be recycled. Determining the yield of agri-food waste processing products that can be obtained from them, as well as estimating the local availability of a given raw material allows for the selection of appropriate substrates that guarantee both their effective production and their continuous supply. The presented article includes a review of scientific reports on the acquisition of bioactive substances, substrates for the production of activated carbon and materials for use in construction from waste from the agri-food industry. Moreover, the article discusses the economic aspects of agri-food waste in terms of bioeconomy.

8

Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic studies on the removal of Cr(VI) by activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp seed shell

100%

Thamilarasu P. , Kumar G. , Tamilarasan R. , Sivakumar V. , Karunakaran K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2011

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tom 13

|

nr 4

1-7

EN

This paper presents the feasibility of the removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions by using activated carbon prepared from Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp. It was carbonized and activated by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid followed by heating for 5 h at 500°C. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial concentration of the adsorbate, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The experimental data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° were calculated, which indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorbent used in this study was characterized by FT-IR and SEM before and after the adsorption of metal ions. The results indicate that Cajanus Cajan(L) Milsp can be employed as a low cost alternative and commercial adsorbents in the removal of chromium (VI) from water and waste water.

9

The Effect of Ozonation, Coagulation and Adsorption on Natural Organic Matter Removal

100%

Dąbrowska L.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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tom Vol. 22, nr 9

216--223

EN

For the treatment of surface water, the coagulation process was used with highly alkaline polyaluminium chloride PAX-XL19F and coagulation supported by ozonation and adsorption on powdered activated carbon CWZ-30 for reducing the level of surface water pollution with organic substances. In addition to the typical indices used to assess the content of organic compounds (total organic carbon TOC, oxidisability OXI, ultraviolet absorbance UV254), the study also evaluated colour, turbidity, and the potential of trihalomethanes formation THM-PF. Reduction in the content of TOC in water after coagulation ranged from 22 to 24%, OXI in the range of 34-36%, and UV254 absorbance from 52-55%. The turbidity and colour of the water was reduced by 70-73% and 56-60%, respectively. The use of preliminary ozonation and activated carbon-assisted coagulation increased the efficiency of water treatment. Changes in the values of TOC, OXI, UV254 absorbance, turbidity and colour were 28-33%, 45-46%, 69-73%, 72-79% and 89-100%, respectively. In the water purified by coagulation and then chlorinated, THM-PF was 37-38% lower than in untreated surface water. The use of additional pre-ozonation and activated carbon during coagulation increased the reduction of THM-PF by 9-12%.

10

Deciphering lead and cadmium stripping peaks for porous antimony deposited electrodes

100%

Taimoor A. A.

Materials Science Poland

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2016

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tom Vol. 34, No. 2

233--241

EN

Cadmium and lead are generally taken as model heavy metal ions in water to scale the detection limit of various electrode sensors, using electrochemical sensing techniques. These ions interact with the electrochemically deposited antimony electrodes depending on the diffusion limitations. The phenomenon acts differently for the in-situ and ex-situ deposition as well as for porous and non-porous electrodes. A method has been adopted in this study to discourage the stripping and deposition of the working ions (antimony) to understand the principle of heavy metal ion detection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to establish the interaction between the working and dissolved ions. In addition to the distinct peaks for each analyte, researchers also observed a shoulder peak. A possible reason for the presence of this peak was provided. Different electrochemical tests were performed to ascertain the theory on the basis of the experimental observations.

11

Laboratory and pilot plant performance of novel carbon monolithic catalysts development for selective flue gas d-NOxing at low temperature.

100%

Olivares J. , Kułażyński M. , Salvador L. , Walendziewski J. , Trawczyński J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Chemii i Technologii Nafty i Węgla Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2002

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tom Vol. 10, nr 57

169-176

EN

A new method for monolithic carbon catalyst manufacture for selective catalytic d-NOxing removal of combustion gases at low temperature (180-230C) with ammonia has been developed. The procedure constitutes a very interesting step in the field sorption and catalytic methods using carbonaceous materials. A series of experiments was carried out to test the formation of carbonaceous slip pastes into monolithic thin-wall blocks of "honeycomb" structure, and several factors affecting the formation process were tested at lab and semi-commercial scales. These research studies included drying and carbonization parameters, which influenced the quality (geometric shape and mechanical properties) of the finished carbon monoliths. After the shaping process, the prototypes were dried, carbonized, activated, and impregnated with metal oxides (V and Cu) in order to increase the d-NOxing activity. Very high NOx to N2 conversions at process temperature 190-200C have been obtained at lab and pilot scales.

12

Forecasting Air Pollution with Sulfur Dioxide Emitted from Burning Desulfurized Diesel Using Artificial Neural Network

100%

Hmadan M. A. , Abdelhafez E. , Shawabkeh R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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tom Vol. 22, iss. 5

97--102

EN

Concentrations of emitted pollutants in the atmosphere are influenced by the emission sources and metrological data. In Jordan, Diesel fuel is considered to be a main source of SO2, which has negative impact on air quality. In this work, the emitted SO2 during the burning of desulfurized diesel fuel using activated carbon is conducted using three types of Artificial Neural Network (Elman, NARX and Feedforward models). To accomplish this, previously experimental work on desulfurization of diesel fuel using two types of activated carbon was adopted. Metrological data involving the average daily temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), pressure (P), concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) and average daily solar radiation (SR) over the period from 2/1/2020 to 30/12/2020. It was found that NARX model is the most accurate model in the furcating process of SO2, flowed by Elman and feedforward was found to be the least capable model in predicting the SO2 emitted concentration.

13

Ocena zmian struktury porowatej węgli aktywnych w wyniku adsorpcji tert-butylobenzenu i jego desorpcji ditlenkiem węgla w stanie nadkrytycznym

100%

Grajek H.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2000

|

tom Vol. 49, nr 11

111-127

PL

Zastosowano inwersyjną chromatografię gazową do charakteryzowania zmian struktury porowatej preparatów węglowych (handlowego, odpopielonego oraz odpopielonego i utlenionego) przed, po adsorpcji tert-butylobenzenu oraz po jego desorpcji metodą ekstrakcji nadkrytycznej ditlenkiem węgla. Do opisu struktury porowatej przyjęto szczelinowy model mikroporów.Wykazano, że najtrudniej tert-butylobenzen daje się zdesorbować z powierzchni preparatu zawierającego dużą ilość zanieczyszczeń o charakterze zasadowym.

EN

The inverse gas chromatography is used for characterization of changes in porous structure of carbon preparates (commercial, cinderless, and cindreless and oxidized), before, after adsorption of tert-butilobenzene and after its desorption using supercritical extraction of carbon dioxide. The slit model of micropores has been accepted for description of the porous structure. It was found that most difficult is tert-butilobenzene to desorbate from the sample surface containing large amount of alkaline pollution.

14

Effectiveness of Carbon Monoxide Concentration Reduction on Active Carbon Contact System in Burning Polystyrene Foam

100%

Fikri E. , Veronica A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 4

1--6

EN

One of the wastes generated by PT Beton Elemenindo Perkasa is polystyrene foam waste. Processing of this type of waste is still done with open burning so it has an impact on health and the environmental quality degradation. One of the polystyrene foam waste processing technologies is by constructing a combustion furnace equipped with carbon filter. Activated carbon is one of the air filter media that can absorb harmful gases from the combustion process. The purpose of this research is to identify the effectiveness of carbon monoxide (CO) concentration reduction on active carbon contact system using variation of particle size. This research is a kind of an experimental study involving post test with control design. The number of samples was calculated based on the number of treatments and the number of repetitions in the study. This research used 2 kinds of treatment, including 20 mesh and 30 mesh in 9 repetitions. Independent T-Test statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p-value = 0.001) between the variation of particle size of activated carbon and the CO parameters with the average of the most effective reduction percentage on particle-sized active carbon of 30 mesh was 77.95%.

15

Modeling of experimental data for the adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using a low cost activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora

100%

Kumar M. , Tamilarasan R.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 2

29-39

EN

This paper presents the feasibility for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solution using an activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora bark. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The commonly applicable isotherms namely Freundlich and Langmuir equations are used for the prediction of isotherm parameters. A comparison of linear least-square method and a trial-and-error non-linear method are examined in Freundlich and Langmuir (Four forms) isotherms. The nature of adsorption isotherm feasibility was evaluated with dimensionless separation factors (RL). The dynamics of adsorption process was analyzed with Lagergren’s Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order kinetic equations. Thermodynamic parameters like the change in enthalpy (ΔHo), change in entropy (ΔSo) and change in Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) were evaluated and ΔGo shows a negative value whereas ΔHo shows the positive value indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The functional group characterization of the adsorbent was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of activated carbon was analyzed using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA).

16

Utilization of spent dregs for the production of activated carbon for CO2 adsorption

100%

Serafin J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2017

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tom Vol. 19, nr 2

44--50

EN

The objective of this work was preparation of activated carbon from spent dregs for carbon dioxide adsorption. A saturated solution of KOH was used as an activating agent. Samples were carbonized in the furnace at the temperature of 550°C. Textural properties of activated carbons were obtained based on the adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen at −196°C and carbon dioxide at 0°C. The specific surface areas of activated carbons were calculated by the Brunauer – Emmett – Teller equation. The volumes of micropores were obtained by density functional theory method. The highest CO2 adsorption was 9.54 mmol/cm3 at 0°C – and 8.50 mmol/cm3 at 25°C.

17

Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from Gölbaşi lignite

100%

Depci T. , Kul A. R. , Onal Y. , Disli E. , Alkan S. , Turkmenoglu Z. F.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2012

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tom Vol. 48, iss. 1

253-270

EN

Activated carbon (AC) was obtained from lignite of the local resource, Gölbaşi - Adiyaman (Turkey) by chemical activation. The Gölbaşi lignite was chosen as the precursor for its availability and low cost. The BET surface area of the activated carbon was found 921 m2/g. The AC was used as an adsorbent for Crystal Violet (CV) in aqueous solution. The adsorption properties of CV onto the activated carbon are discussed in terms of the adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) and the kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model). It was shown that the experimental results best fitted by the Langmuir model, and the second-order kinetic equation. The thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process is endothermic. The experimental results point out that the obtained activated carbon is a viable candidate for sorbent removing CV from aqueous solutions.

18

Adsorption Potential Theory for Description of n-Butane Adsorption on Activated Carbon

100%

Bałys M. , Szczurowski J. , Czepirski L. A. , Kochel M.

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tom 71

|

nr 2

EN

Potential theory of adsorption was used for description of adsorption isotherms of n-butane on microporous active carbon. It was shown that characteristic curve of adsorption can be treated as specific form of thermal equation of adsorption giving the possibility to calculate and predict both equilibrium and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption in wide range of temperature and relative pressure. The results can be used for the design of adsorption systems and for predicting adsorption equilibrium behavior of binary and/or multicomponent gaseous mixtures on active carbon under wide range of conditions, without time consuming and expensive experimental determination.

19

Improving the carbon dioxide uptake efficiency of activated carbons using a secondary activation with potassium hydroxide

100%

Zgrzebnicki M. , Michalczyszyn E. , Wrobel R. J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2018

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tom Vol. 20, nr 3

87--94

EN

Secondary activation of commercial activated carbon (AC) ORGANOSORB 10-CO was carried out at 600, 700 and 800°C with mass ratios of potassium to AC (K/AC) in range 1–3. Crucial samples have shown following CO2 uptakes and SSA – 3.90 mmol/g and 1225 m2/g, 4.54 mmol/g and 1546 m2/g, 4.28 and 1717 m2/g for pristine material and samples obtained at 700°C with K/AC = 2 and at 800°C with K/AC = 3 respectively. Last sample also indicated significant mesopore volume increase in diameter range 2–5 nm, from 0.11 to 0.24 cm3/g. CO2 uptake increase was explained by formation of micropores up to diameter of 0.8 nm, which distribution was established from CO2 sorption using DFT. Surface chemistry of all samples has not changed during modification, what was proven by XPS. Moreover, deeper incorporation of potassium ions into graphite at higher temperatures was observed as confirmed with EDS, XPS and XRD.

20

Adsorption Kinetics of Edamame Soybean Peel Activated Carbon in Reducing the Level of Phosphate

100%

Eri I. R. , Pramudinta N. K. , Nurmayanti D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 23, nr 2

97--107

EN

Domestic wastewater, such as detergent wastewater, causes the increase of the phosphate level that strongly contributes to eutrophication. Adsorption is a method that can be used to reduce the levels of phosphate. The natural ingredients that can be made as activated carbon include edamame soybean peel, because it contains a lot of celluloses. This research aimed to analyze the adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity of edamame soybean peel activated carbon in reducing the phosphate levels. Adsorption was carried out with batch method with various concentrations of adsorbate (2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 6 mg/L) and stirring time (3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours). The results showed that the highest adsorption capacity was found in 6 mg/L of adsorbate concentration and 6 hours of stirring time. The results were validated by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model. The Langmuir isotherm indicated that adsorption occurred in monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.43509 mg/g and the constant of adsorption kinetics was 1.5558 g/mg•min. Activated carbon from edamame soybean peel successfully reduced the levels of phosphate. The increase of adsorption capacity was correlated with the increasing concentration of adsorbate and stirring time until the equilibrium.