Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zgazowanie osadów ściekowych - nie takie straszne jak...

100%

Werle S.

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2012

|

tom Nr 4 (61)

50-54

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd istniejących instalacji zgazowania osadów ściekowych w Europie, Azji i Ameryce Północnej. Dokonano porównania z sytuacją w Polsce. Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych w reaktorze górnociągowym ze złożem stałym. Wyniki badań pokazały, jak rodzaj osadu ściekowego wpływa na skład otrzymanego gazu. Wyniki zestawione w funkcji ilości czynnika zgazowującego pokazują, że wyższy udział tlenu w osadach ściekowych wpływa na temperaturę reakcji. Paradoksalnie wpływa na wzrost jakości otrzymanego gazu. Jak się należało spodziewać, wzrost stosunku nadmiaru powietrza powoduje obniżenie kaloryczności gazu. Wzrost strumienia czynnika zgazowujacego obniża wartość ciepła spalania otrzymanego gazu.

EN

Paper presents analysis of existing sewage sludge gasification installation in Europe, Asia and North America. Comparison of the Polish situation and situation in the rest of the world has been done. Experimental results of sewage sludge gasification process has been presented. This paper presents the experimental investigation of a sewage sludge gasification process. Installation with an updraft gasifier was used. An analysis of how sewage sludge composition influence the composition of the gas obtained in the autothermal gasification process was conducted. The results were presented as a function of the amount of gasification agent and show that higher oxygen content in sewage sludge is detrimental to the temperaturę of the reaction. Paradoxkally, this results in an increase in the quantity of combustible components in the gas. As expected, an increase in the air excess ratio causes a decrease in the heating value. Greater amounts of oxidizing agents tend to increase the amounts of noncombustible species and the volumetric fraction of nitrogen, thus decreasing the heating value of the gaś obtained.

2

Higienizacja osadów ściekowych - wapnowanie

100%

Bazeli M.

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2006

|

tom Nr 3 (24)

17-20

PL

Zagospodarowanie stale zwiększającej się ilości osadów ściekowych od wielu lat jest poważnym problemem ekologicznym. Jednym z proponowanych praktycznych rozwiązań jest ich przyrodnicze wykorzystanie. Pozytywny wpływ osadów ściekowych na poprawę struktury gleby, oraz wzbogacenie jej w próchnicę jest bezsporny, jednak w pewnych sytuacjach, zwłaszcza w przypadku stosowania niewłaściwie higienizowanego osadu, istnieje niebezpieczeństwa wprowadzenia wraz z osadami do gleby bakterii chorobotwórczych takich jak: Salmonella sp. enterokrwotoczne pałeczki coli, Clostridium perfingens i wiele innych. Ponadto w osadach występować mogą niebezpieczne dla zdrowia ludzi i zwierząt jaja pasożytów, wirusy, a także patogeniczne grzyby. Dlatego bardzo istotne jest poszukiwanie nowych metod higienizacji osadów ściekowych oraz weryfikacja metod już stosowanych, niesprawdzonych w nowych warunkach ciągle zmieniającego się składu produkowanych osadów ściekowych. W kolejnych artykułach omówiony zostanie wpływ podwyższonej temperatury oraz wiązki wysokoenergetycznych elektronów na stopień higienizacji osadów ściekowych.

3

Termiczna higienizacja osadów ściekowych

100%

Bazeli M.

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2006

|

tom Nr 4 (25)

36-38

PL

Zabójczy wpływ podwyższonej temperatury na mikroorganizmy patogenne z uwagi na uszkodzenia błon komórkowych poprzez denaturację białek oraz blokowanie enzymów jest zjawiskiem powszechnie znanym. Z tego względu podwyższona temperatura może być wykorzystywana w procesie higienizacji ścieków oraz osadów ściekowych.

4

Fractioning of Trace Metals in Sewage Sludge

100%

Dobrowolski R. , Reszko-Zygmunt J. , Kuryło M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 82, nr 1-2

77-83

EN

The influence of storage time on mobility of chosen heavy metals in sewage sludge by application of Tessier fractioning procedure has been studied. Cr, Pb and Ni were mainly associated to the residual and organic matter fraction and the low mobility for these metals during the storage period has been observed. Zn showed high environmental availability and was associated mainly with reducible, carbonate and exchangeable fractions. The regularity in changes of Cu fractioning during the storage time of sewage sludge was observed. It was stated that transformation of copper chemical forms during the sludge storage takes place and some of Cu species from the organic fraction transformed into exchangeable, carbonate and reducible fractions.

5

Vermicomposting as an Alternative Method of Sludge Treatment

80%

Boruszko D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

tom Vol. 21, nr 2

22--28

EN

The article presents the results of the research from several years of exploitation of the vermiculture plots located in the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Zambrów. It is the only facility in Poland where the vermicompost from municipal sewage sludge has been produced continuously since 2004 (for 16 years). The results of tests of ready-made vermicomposts conducted regularly twice a year (32 tests) were subjected to a simple statistical analysis. The vermicompost analyses of heavy metals, biogenic compounds, organic matter and selected macroelements were compared with the requirements for mineral-organic fertilizers. In terms of the heavy metals content, the highest total content was observed in the first year of plots exploitation, i.e. in 2004, when it amounted to over 1200 mg-1 kg DM. The lowest sum content of heavy metals in vermicomposts, amounting to 398 mg-1 kg DM, was recorded in 2017. The median total content of heavy metals from all observations was 821 mg-1 kg DM. During the whole research period, the content of nutrients in vermicomposts was high, for nitrogen it ranged from 9.8 g-1 kg DM to 31.1 g-1 kg DM (median 14.3 g-1 kg DM), whereas for phosphorus it ranged from 2.1 g-1 kg DM to 14.5 g-1 kg DM (median 5.5 g-1 kg DM). The content of organic matter in the whole several-year study period was high and ranged from 21.3% DM to 59.0% DM (median 33.1% DM). The conducted research confirmed that the use of California earthworm in the process of municipal sewage sludge vermicomposting results in its good mineralization and humification, and the final product (vermicompost) may be a valuable mineral-organic fertilizer.

6

Influence of sewage sludge on the chosen soil properties and microbiological parameters of urban grass mixtures rhizosphere

80%

Wydro U. , Wołejko E. , Łoboda T. , Matejczyk M. , Butarewicz A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 16, nr 1

171--177

EN

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of municipal sewage sludge on selected microbiological parameters in the rhizosphere of lawn grass mixtures. Four experiments on the lawns along the main roads of Bialystok were founded. The factors in the experiment were three doses of sewage sludge (0 – control; 7.5 and 15 kg·m-2) and two grass mixtures (Eko and Roadside). The studied parameters were monitored twice during 2011 vegetation season by determining the total number of soil microorganisms, the total number of Gram-negative bacteria, the number of bacteria of Pseudomonas fluorescens species, the number of amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria. Sewage sludge amended to soil resulted in a change of physical-chemical properties of soil. The sewage sludge application to soil influenced significantly the number of proteolytic and Gram-negative bacteria.

7

Effects of different kinds of sewage sludge amendment on urban lawn grasses

80%

Wołejko E. , Butarewicz A. , Wydro U. , Łoboda T.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 16, nr 1

164--170

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the use of sewage sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Białystok for fertilization of urban lawns. To fertilize the ground two types of deposits were used: stabilized sludge after the dewatering process in the press and granular sludge after drying in the sludge dryer. Two doses of sludge were used – 5 and 10 kg/m2. Effective microorganisms (EM) were added to the test plots. Both doses of the applied sewage sludge contributed significantly to the growth of grass biomass. Aboveground biomass of the plants was significantly correlated with the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the surface layer of the soil. The addition of EM to soil containing the dewatered sludge from the press reduced significantly the content of heavy metals in the soil, as opposed to the sludge in a form of granules with addition of EM, which contributed to the increase of their concentration in the soil.

8

Sonification Energy in the Process of Ultrasonic Disintegration

80%

Wolski P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

tom Vol. 21, nr 3

36--40

EN

Disintegration of sewage sludge leads to the breakdown of the structure of the sewage floc and release of intracellular fluids. This allows for easy removal of organic compounds that are contained in the cells during further processes of treatment of waste and processing of sludge. One of the methods of disintegration is the use of ultrasound field energy. Depending on the applied process parameters (exposure time, intensity), coagulation or dispersion of the sludge flocs may occur. The aim of the research was to determine the amount of sonication energy supplied to the sludge and the related costs of the disintegration process. The study used digested sewage sludge, which was exposed to ultrasound field energy of different intensity (from 1.6 W/cm2 to 3.8 W/cm2) and exposure time (from 2 to 120s). The sewage sludge sonication process was conducted using Sonics VCX-1500 ultrasonic processor with a maximum output power of 1500W. The vibration frequency of the ultrasound field of the generator was 20 kHz, whereas the maximum wavelength for the 100% amplitude, was 39.42 µm. Energy demand was recorded during each measurement and the amount of sonication energy supplied to the system was calculated relative to dry matter. The experiments showed an increase in the demand for energy along with the extension of the exposure time and the increase in the intensity of the ultrasound field. For two of sludge samples with comparable dry matter content, the sonication energy values were similar.

9

Application of an Innovative Ultrasound Disintegrator for Sewage Sludge Conditioning Before Methane Fermentation

80%

Zieliński M. , Dębowski M. , Krzemieniewski M. , Rusanowska P. , Zielińska M. , Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A. , Głowacka-Gil A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 19, nr 5

240--247

EN

Ultrasonic disintegration is one of the most interesting technologies among all known and described technologies for sewage sludge pre-treatment before the process of methane fermentation. This study was aimed at determining the effects of an innovative ultrasonic string disintegrator used for sewage sludge pre-treatment on the effectiveness of methane fermentation process. In this experiment, we used a device for disintegration of organic substrates, including sewage sludge, with the use ultrasonic waves. Its technical solution is protected by a patent no. P. 391477 – Device for destruction of tissue and cell structures of organic substrate. The volume of biogas produced ranged from 0.194±0.089 dm3/g o.d.m. at loading of 5.0 g o.d.m./dm3 and power of 50 W to 0.315±0.087 dm3/g o.d.m. at loading of 4.0 g o.d.m./dm3 and ultrasounds power of 125 W. The study demonstrated a positive effect of sewage sludge sonication on the percentage content of methane in biogas. Sewage sludge exposure to 125 W ultrasounds increased methane content in biogas to 68.3±2.5 % at tank loading of 3.0 g o.d.m./dm3.

10

Determination of quantity of biogas from sewage sludge

80%

Sikora J. , Jakubowski T. , Płaczek M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2018

|

tom nr IV/1

1087--1097

EN

Renewable energy sources have been amongst crucial elements of the European Union policy for a long time. Currently, they have become significant in terms of possibilities of the technology development, which may limit the effects and duration of the economic, energy and climatic crisis. The Directive 2009/28/EC obliges the increase of the share of Renewable Energy Sources in the final energy consumption up to 20% (in Poland up to 15%) by 2020. Sewage sludge is waste that significantly affects the aspects of environment. The research considered the rationality of using the waste for the production of biomethane. The purpose of the work was to determine the dynamics of biogas production from sewage sludge of municipal origin. Its scope included a review of the literature based on the Polish and European law. Issues of technology, production and use of biogas and residue were presented. The research was based on determining the properties of sewage sludge - raw and after stabilization, and carrying out a fermentation process for a period of 30 days. The validity of using sewage sludge as substrate for biogas production was confirmed.

11

Metodyka wyznaczania maksymalnego odwodnienia osadu z wykorzystaniem lejka Büchnera

80%

Bisak A. , Podedworna J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2010

|

tom Nr 9

17-21

PL

Metoda wyznaczania maksymalnego odwodnienia osadu z wykorzystaniem instalacji do badania oporu właściwego filtracji. Może to być kolejne narzędzie służące porównaniu zdolności odwodnieniowych osadów ,przydatne zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do osadów charakteryzujących się wysoką zawartością cząstek należących do drobnej frakcji.

EN

Method of marking maximum sludge dehydration with the use of installation checking proper filtration resistance. It might become another tool for comparing dehydrating capabilities of different types of sludge, particularly useful for sludge with high contents of small fraction particles.

12

Mobilność metali ciężkich w osadach ściekowych kondycjonowanych chemicznie

80%

Gawdzik J.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2010

|

tom Nr 5

33-36

PL

Mobilność metali ciężkich z ustabilizowanych osadów ściekowych pochodzących z komunalnej oczyszczalni ścieków w Kostomłotach k/Kielc. Specjację metali ciężkich wykonano według metodyki BCR. Zawartość metali ciężkich we frakcjach oznaczono na spektrofotometrze absorpcji atomowej . Przeprowadzona analiza sekwencyjna wykazała obecność metali ciężkich we wszystkich frakcjach. Dominującą formą występowania analizowanych metali były połączenia z glinokrzemianami. Stanowi to odpowiednio frakcję IV wg procedury BCR.

EN

Heavy metals' mobility in stabilized sewage sludge from communal sewage treatment plant in Kostomłoty near Kielce. Heavy metals' speciation made according to BCR methodics. Heavy metals' content in fractions marked on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Conducted sequential analysis proved presence of heavy metals in all fractions. Dominating form of analyzed metals were alumino-silicate compounds, which is fraction IV, accordingly to BCR procedure.

13

Analiza parametrów reologicznych wstępnie kondycjonowanych osadów ściekowych poddanych fermentacji

80%

Wolski P. , Zawieja I.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2013

|

tom Tom 15, cz. 2

1645--1657

EN

Deposits of water and wastewater treatment are dispersed systems of a very complex structure. The properties of this structure are mainly dependent of the phenomena occurring in the processes of the formation of deposits, under the influence of several factors. The use of rheology in water and wastewater treatment technologies associated with the nonnewtonian nature of the flow of sewage produced mainly in the processes of coagulation and sedimentation. A large number of physical, chemical and biological theory excludes the possibility of determining the rheological parameters, and therefore knowledge of the rheological characteristics of sludge from water and wastewater treatment must be based on experimental studies using appropriate viscometers. This paper presents a study to determine the rheological parameters undergone initial sludge conditioning and fermentation. The study was conducted on excess sludge undergone initial ultrasonic field conditioning, heat, and polyelectrolytes. Conditioned sludge is subjected to the stabilization process in the bioreactor, and determines the rheological parameters (shear stress, viscosity, yield point). The use of pre-conditioning resulted in an increase of shear stress tested sewage sludge. This dependence has been in particular for sludge conditioned polyelectrolytes. Experimentally determined values correlated with the values set out in the rheological models.

14

Distribution of Heavy Metal Fractions in Sewage Sludge from a Selected Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

80%

Wojciula A. , Boruszko D. , Kacprzak A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2021

|

tom Tom 23

369--383

EN

Sewage sludge used for reclamation of egraded areas or in agriculture must have a certain total heavy metal content, as required by law. In practice, however, it is important to carry out a fractional analysis of the elements contained in the sludge. This activity allows to determine the chemical form of a given metal, thanks to which it is possible to assess the assimilability of elements by plants. The study proved that the fraction of certain metals in sewage sludge can vary depending on the period studied. The combination of elements with other compounds in sludge from one treatment plant can vary from month to month. Once analysis has been carried out, it should not be the basis for assessing the bioavailability of metals if sludge from a given treatment plant were to be sampled several times a year.

15

Gospodarka osadowa - konieczność zmian strategicznych decyzji

80%

Bień J. , Wystalska K.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

|

2014

|

tom T. 17, nr 3

357--361

PL

Obecnie w kraju brak jest strategicznego dokumentu dotyczącego gospodarki osadami ściekowymi. Obowiązujące akty prawne wprowadzą wkrótce obostrzenia w sposobie zagospodarowania tych odpadów. Brak konkretnych działań może spowodować spiętrzenie „problemu osadowego”. W artykule przedstawiono przyczyny, które generują konieczność opracowania nowego dokumentu dotyczącego szeroko pojętej gospodarki osadami. Dokumentem tym powinien być krajowy plan gospodarki osadami ściekowymi, który będzie ujmował plany obecnego i perspektywicznego sposobu ich zagospodarowania. Będzie uwzględniał specyficzne wymagania prawa wspólnotowego i krajowego związanego z gospodarką osadami ściekowymi, traktowanymi jako odpady o dużej skali zagrożenia dla środowiska. W artykule zaproponowano również niezbędny zakres Krajowego planu gospodarki osadami ściekowymi.

EN

Nowadays in Poland there is a lack of a strategic document concerning sewage sludge management. The current legislation will implement restrictions in the way of developing the waste. Absence of the specific actions can pile up the ‘sludge problem’. In the article the reasons which generate the need for a new document concerning broadly defined sewage sludge management were introduced. The national plan of sewage sludge management, which will encompass plans of the current and perspective ways of developing them, should serve as the document. The document will provide for the specific requirements of the Community and domestic law connected with sewage sludge management which has harmful environmental effect. In the article the essential scope of the national plan of the sewage sludge management was proposed as well.

16

Potential and properties of the granular sewage sludge as a renewable energy source

80%

Werle S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2013

|

tom Vol. 14, nr 1

17--21

EN

The predominant method of the sewage sludge management in Poland is land disposal. However, since 01/01/2013, this method will be prohibited. Therefore, there is a strong need for the development of thermal methods of sludge disposal. In Polish legal system sewage sludge may be named as biomass or waste. For the purposes of determining the obligations of environmental regulations the definition of the Minister of Environment should be used. When disposing of sewage sludge in an amount up to 1% by weight of fuel, emission standards for fuel do not change. At the disposal of sewage in quantities of more than 1%, should be conducted continuous measurement of emissions, including HCl, HF, and continuous measurements of flue gas parameters (as for the installation of waste disposal). In order to meet the requirement to porduce energy from renewable sources we use the definition of Minister of Economy. In this case, in accordance with applicable law, sewage sludge shall be considered as pure biomass, thus it is CO2 neutral. The use of sewage sludge as a fuel requires the determination of fundamental combustible properties. These properties should be in accordance with the requirements put fuels as an energy source. The paper presents the results of a detailed physico-chemical analysis of dried sewage sludge produced in the two Polish wastewater treatment plants. The results were compared with five representatives of biomass fuels: straw of wheat, straw of rape, willow, pine and oak sawdust. Ultimate and proximate analyses include a detailed analysis of fuel and ash. The results clearly indicate that sludge is a very valuable fuel similar to “traditional” biomass.

17

The Problems in Achieving Sustainable Development in the Tannery Industry in Regard to Sewage Sludge Management

80%

Bień J. , Celary P. , Wystalska K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 18, nr 6

13--20

EN

The paper discusses the issue of tannery sewage sludge management as one of the barriers in reaching sustainable development in the tanning industry. The Authors present the main characteristics, and its origins, of tannery sludge limiting the possibilities of their treatment and review the proposed solutions found in literature. The paper focuses on identifying the strong and weak points of the most commonly used methods used for sewage sludge treatment as well as presents some novel approaches which remain at laboratory stage.

18

Determination of metal content in sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash to find opportunities to use them in the construction industry

80%

Świerczek L. , Cieślik B.

World Scientific News

|

2018

|

tom 110

227-235

EN

Sewage sludge management is becoming an increasing problem in developed and developing countries. Due to their physicochemical properties (mainly high content of heavy metals) a safe method of utilization is sought. Considering environmental protection, energy recycling, reduction in use of the raw materials and the possibility of immobilization hazardous substances, the use of ashes in building materials becomes a very good way of utilization. Both unprocessed sewage sludge and ashes after their thermal utilization can be used in the construction industry. Before using sediments and ashes, it is necessary to analyze the content of heavy metals, because they can have a negative effect, for example, on cement-stabilized products. The purpose of this work was to determine selected metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, Mg, Mn, Fe) in the primary, dehydrated, digested, excess sludge and ash after his incineration to check and compare heavy metal content. The obtained data can be used to optimize the production process of cement products that contain sewage sludge at differ form, and confirm the environmental safety of proposed approaches.

19

Ocena stopnia dojrzałości kompostu wytwarzanego na bazie osadów ściekowych

80%

Walendzik B.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2008

|

tom T. 87, nr 5

608-609

20

The Changes in Physicochemical Properties in Soils Subjected to Many Years of Reclamation

80%

Bik-Małodzińska M. , Żukowska G. , Myszura M. , Wójcikowska-Kapusta A. , Mazur J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 22, nr 2

47--53

EN

The work under the conditions of the micropark experience analyzes the impact related to the method of mineral wool application and various reclamation methods on the physicochemical changes in the soilless track devastated by mining sulfur. Our results showed that the tested waste, as well as its manner of application to the soil, had a positive influence on the physical and chemical properties of degraded soils. The most beneficial impact was recorded under the conditions of the mineral wool association in the top layer of the soil (0–25 cm) of sewage sludge.