Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Sociálně motivované variování výslovnosti cizích slov

100%

Havlík M.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2016

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tom 98

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nr 2

157-173

EN

This paper presents the findings of a study on loanword pronunciation in Czech, focusing in particular on the impact of four primary independent variables (age, sex, education, and region of origin, i.e. Prague / Brno) on loanword pronunciation. The results were obtained from an empirical study undertaken in 2014, in which 300 native speakers of Czech were recorded reading 300 loanwords in short sentences. The social categories of the sample correlate proportionally with those of the inhabitants of both cities, according to the latest census. Age and education were identified as the variables associated with the highest degree of variation in the pronunciation of the loanwords studied. Knowledge of English, now a compulsory school subject in the Czech Republic, has a clear impact on pronunciation; however, the influence of the other factors on variation across social categories was also detected.

2

Puzzle jako ortoepický problém

84%

Martinkovičová B.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2019

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tom 102

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nr 3

232-235

EN

The article focuses on the pronunciation of the loanword puzzle, which can be realized through multiple variants in Czech. The research, based on material from public media files, tries to reveal possible connections between the pronunciation, meaning and morphological characteristics of this word. The main aim is to find out which pronounced variant can be regarded as orthoepic, and, based on the findings, to propose an adjustment to the keyword puzzle in the Czech Internet Language Reference Book.

3

Módní a nezbytné anglicismy ve vztahu k sociálním oblastem a k jejich výslovnosti a pravopisu

84%

Havlík M.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2019

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tom 101

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nr 2

135-149

EN

This paper focuses on the distinction between luxury and necessary borrowings from English (i.e. Anglicisms) and the relationship between these borrowings, the domains in which they are used and their pronunciation and orthography. I put forward a hypothesis that the ratio of luxury and necessary borrowings differs within different domains and that this has an impact on the pronunciation and orthography of the borrowings; I tested this hypothesis by analysing 500 Anglicisms. The results confirm that (1) there is a difference in the distribution of luxury or necessary Anglicisms within different domains and (2) necessary Anglicisms are more often pronounced according to their original orthography than luxury Anglicisms. However, I also detected a strong association between the period in which Anglicisms were borrowed and the manner in which they were adopted; therefore, it was not possible to identify a direct link between the type of borrowing and pronunciation, and further research is required to confirm the above hypothesis

4

Empirické mapování výslovnostního úzu u cizích slov

67%

Duběda T.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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tom 77

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nr 2

123-142

EN

In this article, I describe the principal features of the Database of Loanword Pronunciation Variants, realised with the aim of bridging a long gap in the empirical study of Czech loanword phonology. The database contains pronunciation forms obtained for 300 phonetically problematic loans and proper names from a balanced sample of 300 Czech speakers. After considering the principles that underlie the phonological adaptation of loanwords, I describe the design of the database and the methodology used. Although the validity of the data is undoubtedly high, I note some factors that might cause bias, such as the influence of spelling or the item selection procedure. The average number of different pronunciation variants per item is 8.02 (1.97 after variants with less than 5% frequency have been excluded). 34 different paradigms of phonological variability were identified in the database. A number of criteria can be used when analysing the data: the phonological phenomenon, word type (e.g. common vs. proper noun), source language, as well as informant features (region, sex, age, education). The database represents a large sociolinguistic survey which can be used both as an empirical platform for the study of Czech loanword phonology and as a source for lexicographic work.

FR

Nous décrivons ici les principales caractéristiques de la Base de données des emprunts dans leur prononciation usuelle (http://dvucs.ff.cuni.cz), mise au point afin de combler une longue absence d’études empiriques sur la phonologie des emprunts en tchèque. La base de données contient les formes phonétiques obtenues pour 300 emprunts et noms propres présentant des difficultés phonétiques, auprès d’un échantillon équilibré de 300 locuteurs tchèques. Après avoir exposé les principes généraux qui sous-tendent l’adaptation phonologique des emprunts, nous décrivons la structure de la base de données et la méthodologie utilisée. Bien que la validité de ces données pour l’analyse de la phonologie des emprunts soit incontestable, nous mentionnons plusieurs facteurs susceptibles de causer des interférences, comme l’influence de l’orthographe ou la démarche adoptée pour la sélection des entrées. Le nombre moyen de variantes phonétiques différentes par entrée est de 8,02 (1,97 après l’exclusion des variantes ayant un effectif inférieur à 5 %). 34 paradigmes différents de variabilité phonologique ont été identifiés dans la base de données, dont certains sont typiques de langues sources particulières. Plusieurs critères peuvent être utilisés lors de l’analyse des données : phénomène phonologique, type de mot (p. ex. nom commun vs. nom propre), langue source, ainsi que les caractéristiques du locuteur (région, sexe, âge, éducation). Des exemples d’analyses sont donnés pour chacun de ces critères. Cette base de données représente une vaste étude sociolinguistique utilisable non seulement comme une plateforme empirique pour l’étude de la phonologie des emprunts en tchèque, mais aussi comme une source valable d’informations pour la lexicographie.

5

Výslovnost dentálních frikativ v anglicismech a anglických vlastních jménech: kodifikace - norma - úzus

67%

Havlík M.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2020

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tom 81

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nr 3

195-217

EN

This paper explores the pronunciation of the dental fricatives /θ ð/ in loanwords of English origin (i.e. Anglicisms) as well as in English proper names in Czech. I identify a considerable gap between the recommended and actual pronunciation of the dental fricatives: while alveolar fricatives (/s z/) are recommended in language manuals and textbooks, in actual language use Czech speakers pronounce the dental fricatives predominantly as alveolar stops (/t d/). My hypothesis for this imbalance between recommended and actual pronunciation is that, to date, authors of language manuals and textbooks have failed to take into account both the pronunciation norm of Czech speakers and the original English pronunciation. I make a number of arguments for the replacement of the English phonemes /θ ð/ with the Czech phonemes /t d/ or /f v/, which I consider more suitable than their replacement with the “recommended” /s z/. However, given the lack of reliable guidelines for the pronunciation of the dental fricatives, I observe both significant variability in pronunciation, particularly in the case of recent loanwords such as smoothie and think tank, and a high level of uncertainty among speakers with respect to how Anglicisms containing dental fricatives should be pronounced.

6

Percepce výslovnostních chyb učiteli českého jazyka

67%

Vlčková-Mejvaldová J. , Štěpáník S.

Bohemistyka

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2019

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nr 2

239-268

EN

Pronunciation is one of the basic characteristics of one’s speech culture. L1 teaching should lead to the development of speaking skills, whose part is also mastering the orthoepic norm. One of the preconditions of that is the teachers’ subject matter knowledge, their own practically mastery of Czech orthoepy. The paper brings the results of a study conducted with a sample of 148 teachers from Czech primary and lower- and upper-secondary schools which researched the teachers’ ability to detect pronunciation errors in a segment of continuous speech. The results indicate that the awareness of the orthoepic norm among Czech language teachers is rather insufficient, and that there is quite strong correlation between the teachers’ knowledge of the orthoepic norm and the pronunciation errors their pupils make.

CS

Dobrá výslovnost je jedním ze základních rysů řečové kultivovanosti mluvčího. Vyučování mateřskému jazyku by mělo vést k rozvoji řečových dovedností, jejichž součástí je zvládnutí ortoepické normy. Jednou z podmínek tohoto procesu je sama učitelova znalost a praktické ovládání české ortoepie. Článek přináší výsledky studie, jíž se zúčastnilo 148 učitelů na 1., 2. a 3. vzdělávacím stupni. Studie zjišťovala schopnost učitelů detekovat výslovnostní chyby v souvislé promluvě. Výsledky naznačují, že povědomí o české ortoepické normě je mezi učiteli spíše nedostačující a že může existovat souvislost mezi učitelovou znalostí ortoepické normy a kvalitou mluveného projevu žáka.

7

Jak se vyslovují názvy cizích obchodních značek v televizních reklamách?

67%

Duběda T.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2015

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tom 6

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nr 2

76-91

EN

In this article we analyse phonetic aspects of foreign brand names appearing in Czech TV advertisements. We first define eight principles which underlie the phonological adaptation of loanwords, and describe their relevance for the TV advertisement genre. Next we proceed to an analysis of 200 brand names retrieved from TV broadcasting. The results confirm the dominance of the phonological approximation principle, which is often combined with the spelling pronunciation principle. Original pronunciation, respecting foreign phonology, is surprisingly rare, although TV advertising is a dynamic and highly globalised media genre.

8

K přízvukování ve zkratkách (na základě dokladů z korpusu DIALOG, z terénního výzkumu v České televizi a z Databáze výslovnostního úzu cizích slov)

67%

Jílková L.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2016

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tom 98

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nr 1

23-44

EN

The article first reviews works on stress placement in initialisms in Czech. It then proceeds to analyze 50 examples of pronunciation of the initialism ODS (Občanská demokratická strana) as represented in the DIALOG corpus; 45 examples of the pronunciation of various initialisms obtained from Czech Television field research in, for instance ÖMV (Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung) and ČTK (Česká tisková kancelář); and 3000 examples of the pronunciation of initialisms from the Database of loanword pronunciation variants, e.g. EU (Evropská unie) and DVD (Digital versatile disc). The analysis focusing primarily on the distribution of stress showed that speakers typically used two stresses — one on the first and one on the last syllable, or only one stress on the first syllable. The latter usage generally prevailed.

9

Naše řeč v roce 1817

67%

Koupil O. , Štěpánová V.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2017

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tom 100

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nr 4

193-206

EN

The text is devoted not to the journal Naše řeč [Our Speech], but to "our speech", i.e. Czech, as mirrored in a handbook of Czech orthography (Hanka, 1817). This pamphlet was the initial part of the conflict between “iotists” (followers of Dobrovský and Hanka’s Czech orthography reform) and "ypsilonists" (their conservative opponents). Part (1) outlines the historical context of Pravopis český [Czech Orthography] from 1817 and its contents. Part (2) deals with the last part of Hanka’s pamphlet - the list of words for which speakers of Czech had to deal with the problematic transition from the spoken to the written form. Hanka recorded many orthographically incorrect forms of the words. An unintended result of his work was a kind of "recording" of contemporary spoken Czech (the most frequent examples of the recorded phenomena were cluster reduction, voicing assimilation and articulatory assimilation). Part (3) considers the theoretical importance of this list as a unique document of the Czech from Hanka’s time. The list reveals much about the actual pronunciation of Czech from that period, as well as the difficulties connected with the "translation" from spoken to written Czech.

10

Kolísání znělosti souhlásek v přejatých slovech v češtině : Výsledky výzkumu výslovnostního úzu

67%

Štěpánová V.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2016

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tom 99

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nr 4

169-188

EN

This article draws on data obtained through research on pronunciation of loanwords among Czech speakers in the two most populous cities in the Czech Republic (Prague, Brno) in 2014. More than 60 words out of the total number of 300 expressions included in the survey were investigated from the perspective of fluctuation in voicing. Most of these words consist of Anglicisms and lexemes of Latin or Greek origin. The pairs s/z and k/g fluctuate most often; several other pairs also display some fluctuation peripherally. As concerns the pair s/z, in accordance with previous studies, it can be stated that in contemporary Czech, the preference for the voiced variant prevails. It cannot be decidedly stated, however, that voicing will spread further and that it will prevail in all cases in the future; the resultant forms are actually influenced, for example, by the language of origin, the time period of the borrowing, the distribution of the word, the type of fluctuating consonants, or the neighbouring sounds. As concerns sociolinguistic categories, age and education have proven to be especially important. For example, in some recently borrowed Anglicisms, the voicing will probably continue to prevail strongly, and on the contrary, it will likely tend to recede in the groups kr, kl in expressions adapted earlier. The fluctuation of voicing in loanwords and proper names is natural; if it does not influence the comprehensibility or the quality of the speech, it does not cause any communication problems.