The approach to forest management has changed many times over the time. Forest receives increasingly a lesser extent as wood and wild game supplier. Social and protective functions of the forest have begun to play more and more essential role. Change in the perception of the forest functions entails the questions about the economic consequences of the forest management in an era of changing priorities. This paper aims to compare approaches to the economic consequences of actions undertaken in the forestry in different periods. The evolution of the approach to the economic analysis can be traced. Analysis of historical publications allows to observe the changes, starting from 1820, when no special attention to the uniformity of drawing income from the forest was paid, through the interwar period, when attempts were made to maximize the profitability of forestry and through the World War II, when no analysis of economic rationality was taken, to the current situation, when more and more attention is paid to the economic consequence of changes in forest management priorities. Presented issues should be a contribution to the discussion on economic issues associated with conducting forest management especially in the context of the tasks included in the forest management plan. It must be noted that, despite the provisions in the instructions for the analysis of forest economic conditions, they often were not reflected in the management plans. Studies aimed at awareness raising and, consequently, the development of the synthetic parameters of an objective description and comparison of the economic conditions of forestry functioning both within the forest district and larger units seem to be necessary.
The paper reviews the composition of commissions taking decisions regarding the final forms of forest management plans in Poland after the Second World War and analyses regulations from the instructions of forest management plans from 1957, 1970, 1980, 1994, 2003 and 2012 referring to the participation of the respective communities in this process. The aim of this study was to have another look at the evolution of such participation and at the role of the social factor in the development of forest management plans in Poland and to discuss problems associated with it.
The provisions of the Act on Forests apply to all forests in Poland, irrespective of their ownership. They impose on owners and administrators the obligation to draw up Forest Management Plans (FMP) or Simplified FMP (SFMP). While the media are loudly protesting the adoption of some FMP for state forests, especially for some urban forests or semi−primeval forests, analogous documents for private forests do not attract such interest. Supervision of forest management in the area of forests owned by natural persons and land communities is carried out by the regional authorities, who also has commissioned the documentation of the equipment. Forest owners are informed about the preparation of SFMP for their sites. As a rule, they do not finance these works and there are no procedures for obtaining their direct approval of the plan. Owners, however, have the opportunity to participate in the creation of management documents and should use this opportunity. Especially because the effect of the management works is also the determination of incompatibility in the land use category. In this way, spontaneous woodlots can be reclassified into forest, which has serious consequences for the future of this property. Removal of trees growing on it and the restoration of agricultural use become very difficult in such a situation. The nature and manner of obtaining direct payments to the owned land will also change. Durable subsidies for agricultural crops are changing into possible and temporary limited payments for young forests silviculture and protection. The SFMP also regulates all economic activities that can be undertaken in the private forest in the next 10 years, including the amount of wood that can be harvested and used for its needs or commercialized. The serious consequences of the adopted plan suggest that social participation in the resulting document should be high. The level of this participation in the process of creating simplified plans in selected municipalities was analyzed. The study analyzed the level of public participation in the process of creating simplified forest management plans in four selected municipalities (Gródek nad Dunajcem, Kotuń, Lipnica and Szamotuły, S, E, N and W Poland respectively), which differ in terms of location, ownership history, the size of lots and other features. The level of interest of owners was characterized, the aspects of interest were identified, and it was shown that they may depend on some features of the area.
Praca zawiera podstawowe założenia koncepcji systemu waloryzacji lasów dla potrzeb projektowania podziału gospodarczego i decyzji regulacyjnych w urządzaniu lasów wyżynnych i górskich. System będzie funkcjonował na bazie danych Systemu Informatycznego Lasów Państwowych (SILP). Podstawowymi produktami systemu będą: - wskaźnik struktury funkcji lasów dla dowolnej jednostki przestrzennej, - wizualizacja i zobrazowania kartograficzne struktury funkcji lasu, - projekt podziału gospodarczego w lasach, - wyniki analiz przestrzennych dla celów regulacyjnych. Koncepcja systemu jest obecnie wdrażana w Biurze Urządzania Lasu i Geodezji Leśnej w Brzegu. Wyniki wstępnych prac aplikacyjnych będą opublikowane w 2001 roku.
PL
The study comprises the most important assumptions dealing with the concept of forest valorization for purposes of planning forest systems and regulation decisions in upland and mountain forest management. The concept will operate on the basis of database from the State Forest Informatics System (SFIS). The main products of the system will include: - Forest function structure index for any spatial unit, - Cartographic visualization and imaging of forest function structure, - Proposal of the forest system division, - Results of spatial analyses for regulation purposes. The concept of proposed system is currently being implemented at the Forest Management and Geodesy Office in Brzeg. Results of initial application works will be published in 2001.