Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

MIĘDZYNARODOWY DZIEŃ OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW

100%

Krzyżanowska J.

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nr 2

108-114

EN

Central ceremonies marking the International Monuments Protection Day were held on 20-21 April 2006 in Wroclaw, with Lech Kaczynski, President of the Republic of Poland, as the honorary patron. The leitmotif was the presentation of those monuments which possess particular significance for the European and even global heritage, as well as distinguishing those persons who during the last year made a particular contribution to the protection of monuments. The main ceremonies, attended by representatives of the Church and state authorities, took place in the Wroclaw Town Hall. The eminent guests included, i. a. Kazimierz Michal Ujazdowski, Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Helmut Schöps, the German Consul General, Cardinal Henryk Gulbinowicz, and members of the scientific staff associated with the protection of historical objects. The event, coordinated by the National Centre for Monuments Study and Documentation, involved the presentation of awards to the winners of numerous prestigious competitions, held by the General Conservator of Monuments and the Association of Conservators of Monuments.

2

WROCLAW PIANO MANUFACTURERS AT THE END OF THE 18TH AND DURING THE 19TH CENTURY - A FOOTNOTE TO THE HISTORY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS MANUFACTURE IN SILESIA

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Rottermund K.

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nr 1(192)

103-113

EN

Polish historiography of Silesia devotes relatively little space to the German contribution to the development of this region. This concerns also the manufacture of musical instruments, including pianofortes and pianos. The main centre of such manufacture was Wroclaw, although from mid-nineteenth century it was overtaken by Legnica. Polish musicians, as well as German ones, gave concerts using instruments (particularly grand pianofortes) built by Wroclaw firms. Instruments from Wroclaw and Silesia also found their way to buyers not only from the native German areas, but also from Polish lands, such as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Poznan. Information for this article was obtained mainly from printed sources of that period. For example, the Poznan press from the first half of the nineteenth century contained information about a number of Wroclaw piano makers who used Polish-language periodicals to reach Polish customers with their advertising. Paul de Wit's address books provided data about companies from the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Two Silesian music lexicons from the first half of the nineteenth century, containing short biographies of makers of musical instruments, proved to be a very valuable source of information. The article introduces biographies of only a few most significant piano manufacturers in Wroclaw. As research continues, particular biographical entries are bound to be extended by additional facts still to be discovered. Among the Wroclaw firms referred to, pianofortes and pianos from eight manufacturers are more familiar to us, because examples of them have been preserved in Poland. Their record cards are to be found in Krajowy Osrodek Badan i Dokumentacji Zabytkow (National Centre for Research and Documentation of Heritage) in Warsaw. These are instruments manufactured by the following companies: Berndt, Bessalié, Kuhlboers, Leicht, Raymond, Vieweg, Welck, Welzel.

3

THE JEWISH POPULATION AS A FACTOR IN THE HISTORY OF THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS IN WROCLAW UP TILL THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY (Zydzi jako czynnik procesów modernizacyjnych w dziejach Wroclawia do poczatku XIX wieku)

80%

Ziatkowski L.

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nr 3

285-295

EN

Thomas Nipperdey formulated a set of modernization features that became generally accepted in modern research of the history of Jewish communities, as distinctive attributes of the passing from 'ghetto' community to the post-emancipation society. A process of demographic revolution, elimination of illiteracy and secularization and replacing the old religious elite by 'new' intellectual elite unfolded in Wroclaw considerably earlier than, generally, within the Christian community of Europe. In the earliest period (early Piast dynasty) the presence of Jews in Wroclaw brought new laws that formalized their special status as a separated part of population. Perhaps, it was an example or a model for future solutions during so called 'colonization on the German law' or during forming the feudal system in Silesia. The Jewish community within the feudal system was treated specifically. Their position required a detailed description and, in consequence, brought new legislation. Peddling by Jews caused malfunctioning of a regulated economic system in the Middle Ages and early modern times. They were accused of unfair competition. It led to persecution and expulsion. Finally they became useful in forming modern state structures as court factors who attracted the capital and distributed lots of commodities produced in workshops. Another important factor was that the former model of building community feeling on religion became extinct, and that led to secularization of the social life. These two factors - elimination of remains of a feudal economy and secularization - constituted the main leitmotiv of European changes in 19th century. As for the beginning of 20th century, the activity of Jews in Wroclaw still requires further research on three levels proposed by Slezkine - communism (the Left), freudianism and zionism.