Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Occupational Exposure to Impulse Noise Associated With Shooting

100%

Lwow F. , Jóźków P. , Mędraś M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2011

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tom Vol. 17, No. 1

69--77

EN

Shooting training is associated with exposure to a considerable amount of unique noise. We wanted to evaluate noise exposure during such training. Our observations especially apply to professional sport shooters, but they are also valid for shooting coaches/instructors. We collected acoustic signals in 10-, 25- and 50-m as well as open-air shooting ranges. The recorded material was analysed with orthogonal, adaptive parameterization by Shur. The mean duration of a single acoustic signal was 250–800 ms with the C-weighted sound peak pressure level of 138.2–165.2 dB. Shooters may be exposed to as many as 600–1350 acoustic impulses during a training unit. The actual load for the hearing organ of a professional shooter or a shooting coach is ~200 000 acoustic stimuli in a year-long training macrocycle. Orthogonal, adaptive parameterization by Shur makes safe scheduling of shooters’ training possible.

2

Evaluation of Exposure to Impulse Noise at Personnel Occupied Areas During Military Field Exercises

100%

Młyński R. , Kozłowski E. , Usowski J. , Jurkiewicz D.

Archives of Acoustics

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2018

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tom Vol. 43, No. 2

197--205

EN

The tests reported in this paper were carried out to evaluate the exposure of soldiers to noise at operator and control positions during military field exercises. The tests were conducted during firing from a T-72 tank, a BWP-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicle, antitank guided missiles, a ZU-23-2K anti-aircraft gun, and a 2S1 GOZDZIK howitzer. The evaluation of noise exposure showed that the limit values of sound pressure level, referred to by both Polish occupational noise protection standards and the Pfander and Dancer hearing damage risk criteria developed for military applications, were repeatedly exceeded at the tested positions. Despite of the use of tank crew headgear, the exposure limit values of sound pressure level were exceeded for the crew members of the T-72 tank, the BWP-1 infantry fighting vehicle, and the 2S1 GOZDZIK howitzer. The results show that exposure of soldiers to noise during military field exercises is a potentially high hearing risk factor.

3

Dokument otwierający debatę na temat przyszłości europejskiej obronności

100%

Mik C. , Mróz M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2017

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nr 4(56)

79-95

EN

The submitted document opens the debate on the future of European defence. In the present geostrategic context, it is advisable that the European Union should increase its military potential by, inter alia, reducing the number of weapon systems, strengthening cooperation regarding defence industry, increasing operational interoperability and achieving strategic autonomy. The authors point out that the implementation of these goals may be difficult due to the fact that they assume, to a lesser or greater extent, limiting t defence autonomy of member states, as well as due to the controversy that would arise around a “fair” distribution of costs and profits among individual states related to the process of integration of the European defence industry.

4

Buławy średniowieczne z ul. Sławkowskiej 17 w Krakowie

88%

Puziuk J. , Tyniec A.

Materiały Archeologiczne

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2013

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tom 39

33-53

EN

Two almost complete maces were found in the cesspit. Paleobotanical analysis of the shafts confirmed that they have been made from the wood of a common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). In the collection of maces from the territory of Poland, spherical or pear-shaped heads are rarely encountered. A much more numerous collection, especially of spherical heads, was discovered in Bulgaria, Rus’, Hungary. Maces with spherical or pear-shaped heads can also be found in medieval iconographic representations. In Polish iconography: they appear in the painting and on coins. Can also be found in iconography from Spain, Italy and Armenia. Basing on archaeological and iconographic analogies, the lower chronological limit for those artefacts from Kraków can be determined in the 11th/12th century, while the upper ought to be the 2nd half of the 15th century. Is rather difficult to assume, without any doubt, that maces found in cities constituted individual weapons of their inhabitants. Military maces were primarily knight’s arms, though they could have been re-used as weapon by lower classes of society, in the same way as clubs which were used for fighting by knights, burgesses and commoners, such weapons appeared also as objects of trade exchange, or weaponry used by foreign armies while invading cities cannot be overlooked. In the case of maces found in Kraków might have served as tools in committing a crime, and being material evidence of the offence (corpus delicti) they had been left behind by the perpetrators wishing to avoid punishment for their misdeed.

5

RAM devices in the light of selected provisions of the Act on weapons and ammunition

88%

Kwasiński O.

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

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2020

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tom 29

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nr 1

87-99

EN

The modern market for personal protection devices has brought about such challenges as the need to phrase legal regulations regarding possession and use of such devices. The aim of the study is to answer the questions whether RAM devices are firearms and whether they are weapons at all within the meaning of the Act of 21 May 1999 on weapons and ammunition. On the way to achieve this goal, a thorough analysis of the translation of the detailed charac- terisation of RAM devices into specific definitions of the Act in question is used. The result of the author’s research is the conclusion that RAM devices are neither weapons nor firearms within the meaning of Polish legislation. Furthermore, the article provides a number of legal consequences resulting from such research conclusions, e.g. no obligation to undergo medi- cal or psychological examinations by a potential RAM device owner.

6

Social Stratification in Japanese and Some Other Martial Arts: A Comparison and Discussion of Changes

88%

Cynarski W. J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2013

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tom 59

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nr 1

49-59

EN

Using the humanistic theory of martial arts and martial arts sociology, the author attempts to describe and explain the relationship between social stratification and martial arts. He asks whether a person’s position in the martial arts environment is, today, dependent on social background. He asks: Who could practice with weapons, and which weapons, a hundred years ago? Who can study in the ancient fencing schools today? The analysis includes martial arts in ancient Japan, Europe and Brazil as well as today. He finds that positions originally went to those in the privileged classes or social strata. Today, this does not matter. It can be concluded that there is simply a generational transmission of interest within families. Position in the martial arts, as in many other areas, is part of a person’s long-term effort to determine their own position in society, or “position developed independently”. Martial arts are part of the farreaching democratization and leveling of society. Positions inherited from father to son arise only very rarely. This mainly now happens only in the ancient ancestral schools.

7

Evaluation of Exposure to Impulse Noise at Personnel Occupied Areas During Military Field Exercises

88%

Młyński R. , Kozłowski E. , Usowski J. , Jurkiewicz D.

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nr 2

8

Social Stratification in Japanese and Some Other Martial Arts: A Comparison and Discussion of Changes

88%

Cynarski W. J.

|

nr 1

49-59

EN

Using the humanistic theory of martial arts and martial arts sociology, the author attempts to describe and explain the relationship between social stratification and martial arts. He asks whether a person’s position in the martial arts environment is, today, dependent on social background. He asks: Who could practice with weapons, and which weapons, a hundred years ago? Who can study in the ancient fencing schools today? The analysis includes martial arts in ancient Japan, Europe and Brazil as well as today. He finds that positions originally went to those in the privileged classes or social strata. Today, this does not matter. It can be concluded that there is simply a generational transmission of interest within families. Position in the martial arts, as in many other areas, is part of a person’s long-term effort to determine their own position in society, or “position developed independently”. Martial arts are part of the farreaching democratization and leveling of society. Positions inherited from father to son arise only very rarely. This mainly now happens only in the ancient ancestral schools.

9

Unmanned vehicles – a new challenge for explosive materials. An overview

75%

Sałaciński T.

Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne

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2019

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tom T. 11(1)

45--55

EN

The diversity of currently employed unmanned vehicles (UVs) in outer space, flying, driving and walking on land, as well as operating in water (on the surface or underwater) is presented. Examples of applications of national UVs for purposes other than military ones, are shown. It is pointed out that in each of these areas there exist armed UVs as well as ones potentially capable of carrying and deploying offensive weaponry. Trends in the development of UVs for military and commercial applications are described.

PL

Przedstawiono różnorodność obecnie stosowanych pojazdów bezzałogowych (PBz) poruszających się w przestrzeni kosmicznej, latających, jeżdżących lub kroczących po lądzie, czy też działających w środowisku wodnym (pływających po powierzchni lub pod wodą). Zaprezentowano przykłady krajowych zastosowań PBz w innych celach niż militarne. Wskazano, że w każdym z tych obszarów występują uzbrojone PBz jak też potencjalnie zdolne do przenoszenia i użycia uzbrojenia ofensywnego. Określono tendencje rozwoju uzbrojenia PBz oraz uwarunkowania cywilnych zastosowań PBz.

10

Odpowiedni stan zdrowia jako warunek konieczny do posiadania broni w ustawodawstwie polskim

75%

Kląskała Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy

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2019

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nr 1(30)

PL

Pozwolenie na broń jest decyzją administracyjną, której uzyskanie po spełnieniu odpowiednich przesłanek określonych w Ustawie o broni i amunicji 1 umożliwia obywatelowi uzyskanie dostępu do broni. Jedną z obligatoryjnych do spełnienia przesłanek zdefiniowanych w tej ustawie jest odpowiedni stan zdrowia kandydata na posiadacza broni. Chodzi tu zarówno o zdrowie w znaczeniu zdrowia fizycznego, jak i o zdrowie psychiczne. Artykuł omawia charakter prawny instytucji dostępu do broni w aspekcie spełnienia przez stronę przesłanki odpowiedniego stanu zdrowia, kryteria dyskwalifikujące ten stan oraz procedurę postępowania z kandydatem/posiadaczem broni, wobec którego zachodzi podejrzenie, że winien zostać wykluczony z możliwości jej posiadania

EN

A gun permit is an administrative decision which, once the relevant conditions set out in the Act on arms and ammunition are met, enables citizens to gain access to weapons. One of the obligatory conditions defined in the Act is the appropriate health condition of a potential weapon owner. This includes both their physical and mental health. This paper discusses the legal character of the institution of access to weapons in the respect of meeting the condition of the candidate’s appropriate health, the disqualifying criteria and the procedure for dealing with the candidate/possessor of a weapon suspected of being excluded from the possibility of possessing it.

11

Ulepszanie warstw wierzchnich przewodu luf w problematyce zwiększenia ich trwałości

75%

Modrzewski J. , Szumniak J. , Wierzchoń T.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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1998

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tom R. 27, nr 64

47--53

PL

W artykule omówiono problematykę wytwarzania warstwy wierzchniej, w przewodzie lufy, o zwiększonej trwałości. Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych.

12

Analiza stanu wytężenia lufy podczas strzału

75%

Łazowski J. , Małachowski J.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2008

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tom nr 10

26-31

PL

Aktualnie, projektowanie uzbrojenia w dużej mierze opiera się na metodach analitycznych, które nie pozwalają na znaczną poprawę parametrów broni w zakresie odporności udarowej. Szczególnie istotna jest analiza dynamiki ruchu pocisku w lufie na stożku przejściowym i ustalenie optymalnych parametrów procesu. W pracy przedstawiono próbę analizy stanu wytężenia powstającego podczas szybkozmiennych procesów w trakcie współpracy pocisku z lufą.

EN

Nowadays, design of weapon is based on numerical methods, which not allowed on significant improvement of weapon's impact strength parameters. Especially important is analysis of interaction between the bullet and the barrel at the transient cone and optimisation of parameters of the process. Analysis of the effort state during fast-variable processes of interaction between barrel and bullet was presented.

13

THE NUCLEAR DISPUTE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND NORTH KOREA

75%

Mysłowska J. M. , Sosin S.

Torun International Studies

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2017

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nr 10

71-82

EN

The American-North Korean conflict on nuclear weapons has been making headlines for a long time. The potential of both countries is unquestionable and has an enormous influence on the entire world. The nuclear dispute between the United States and the DPRK began with the Korean War in 1950s and has been growing since. North Korea has strengthen its nuclear capability and is threatening the United States, the territory of Guam island, and the entire human nation. The regime is the only country which has tested nuclear weapons in the 21st century. The American government has been raising the sanctions against Pyongyang and China has been trying to invite both sides for negotiations and to ease the worsening tensions on the peninsula. Washington puts a lot of hopes into Beijing being able to handle the threats from North Korea, but Chinese claim they do not have enough leverage to hamper Kim Jong Un’s regime. North Koreans, living under the constant control from the regime and propaganda, are separated from their families and the rest of the world. The Winter Olympics, which will be held by South Korea in February, 2018, gave both Koreas a chance to talk and to participate in the event together again, and maybe it is a possibility for the two sides to negotiate further agreements.

14

Logistyczne aspekty zabezpieczenia jednostek pływających przed improwizowanymi urządzeniami wybuchowymi

75%

Cywiński A.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2016

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tom nr 9

154--160

PL

Artykuł przedstawia ogólną charakterystykę improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych opisując ich budowę i sposób działania. Ten rodzaj uzbrojenia jest jednym z najniebezpieczniejszych i najtrudniej wykrywalnych. Z drugiej strony do jego skonstruowania niepotrzebna jest wiedza specjalistyczna. Urządzenia tego typu mogą niepostrzeżenie zostać podłożone na statek, a swoim kształtem nie wzbudzać żadnych podejrzeń. W artykule przedstawiono szereg problemów logistycznych jakie stoją nie tylko przed służbami portowymi, ale także przed załogami statków. Wspólne działanie służb i świadomość załóg statków może zapewnić jednostkom pływającym bezpieczny postój w porcie i uchronić go przed skutkami działania IED.

EN

The article presents general characteristics of improvised explosive devices by describing their construction and operation. This type of weapon is one of the most dangerous and the most difficult to detect. On the other hand, no specialised knowledge is needed to construct it. Devices of this type can be planted unnoticed on the ship, and its shape will not arouse any suspicion. The article presents a number of logistical problems that face not only the services of the port, but also the crews of ships. Cooperative action of services and awareness of the crews can provide individuals a safe stop floating in the harbor and protect it from the effects of IEDs.

15

Armata elektromagnetyczna jako broń przyszłego pola walki

75%

Raczyński Z. , Szafraniec A.

Szybkobieżne Pojazdy Gąsienicowe

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2005

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tom nr 1 (21)

101--106

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania szynowej armaty elektromagnetycznej. Zaprezentowano również kierunki prac nad rozwojem impulsowych źródeł mocy do zasilania urządzeń elektromagnetycznych, oraz problemy występujące podczas działania armaty elektromagnetycznej

EN

The article presents the rule of action of the electromagnetic rail gun. It also presents the direction of work done on the development of pulse power sources used for supplying electromagnetic devices. The article presents problems which occur during work of an electromagnetic gun.

16

Pojazdy bezzałogowe – nowe wyzwanie dla materiałów wybuchowych. Przegląd

75%

Sałaciński T.

Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne

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2014

|

tom T. 6

53--63

PL

Przedstawiono różnorodność obecnie stosowanych pojazdów bezzałogowych (PBz) poruszających się w przestrzeni kosmicznej, latających, jeżdżących lub kroczących po lądzie, czy też działających w środowisku wodnym (pływających po powierzchni lub pod wodą). Zaprezentowano przykłady krajowych zastosowań PBz w innych celach niż militarne. Wskazano, że w każdym z tych obszarów występują uzbrojone PBz jak też potencjalnie zdolne do przenoszenia i użycia uzbrojenia ofensywnego. Określono tendencje rozwoju uzbrojenia PBz oraz uwarunkowania cywilnych zastosowań PBz.

EN

Diversity of nowadays employed unmanned vehicles (UVs) flying in space and air, moving on ground and floating has been presented. UVs domestic applications another than military ones have been shown. It has been pointed out that in each of this areas exist armed UVs as well as potentially able to carry and use offensive weapon. Tendencies of development of UVs for military and commercial applications has been described.

17

Heat losses when shooting of artillery guns

75%

Štrba J. , Kopiláková B.

Logistyka

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2014

|

tom nr 5

1468-1473

EN

Calculation of heat loss heat transfer to barrel when shooting from classical artillery barrel is also an interesting problem in calculating the losses that detract energy when burning powder charge for granting the required speed and rotation to artillery shoot. Temperature and heat generated by powder charge burning are conducive to attrition of barrel thus reducing its life. Various kinds of losses are also discussed in NATO - STANAG 4367 documentation „Thermodynamic interior ballistics model with global parameters”, which contains mathematical model of shot movement in rifled bores of weapons without outflow of dust emissions using split ammunition.

18

The theoretical model of human — weapon system

63%

Dziopa Z. , Zdeb K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

|

2016

|

tom R. 57 nr 2 (205)

5--15

EN

Rapid firing of two bullets from the Skorpion submachine gun vz. 61 cal. 7,65 mm towards the target located at a distance of 25 [m] was registered at a police shooting range. The tests confirmed the opinion of the users regarding the presence of significant weapon dispersion. This undesirable effect prompted the authors to undertake work in order to improve the dynamic properties of weapons. Experimental studies provided information on the kinematics of movement of human — weapon system. On the basis of the courses of variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration over time, the behaviour of a machine gun in thirteen characteristic points of its operation was specified. The verification of bullet holes and analysis of recorded images showed a slight deviation of movement of the objects under examination from the vertical plane. Therefore, a physical model of human — weapon system with five degrees of freedom in the vertical plane was formulated. On the basis of the physical model, a mathematical model of human — weapon system was derived, which can be classified as linear, determined, variable over time, dissipative and constrained.

PL

Na strzelnicy policyjnej przeprowadzono rejestrację procesu wystrzelenia z pistoletu maszynowego Skorpion wz. 61 kal. 7,65 mm ogniem seryjnym dwóch pocisków do tarczy znajdującej się w odległości 25 [m]. Przeprowadzone próby potwierdziły opinię użytkowników o występowaniu znacznego rozrzutu broni. Występowanie niepożądanego zjawiska skłoniło autorów do podjęcia prac zmierzających do poprawienia właściwości dynamicznych broni. Badania doświadczalne dostarczyły informacji na temat kinematyki ruchu układu człowiek — broń. Na podstawie otrzymanych przebiegów zmienności przemieszczenia, prędkości i przyspieszenia w funkcji czasu określono zachowanie się pistoletu maszynowego w trzynastu charakterystycznych punktach jego działania. Weryfikacja przestrzelin i analiza zarejestrowanych obrazów wykazała nieznaczne odstępstwo ruchu badanych obiektów od płaszczyzny pionowej. W związku z tym sformułowano w płaszczyźnie pionowej model fizyczny układu człowiek — broń o pięciu stopniach swobody. Na podstawie modelu fizycznego wyprowadzono model matematyczny układu człowiek — broń, który można zakwalifikować do liniowych, zdeterminowanych, zmiennych w czasie, dyssypatywnych i nieswobodnych.

19

Modelowe badania aerodynamiczne autorotacyjnego rozrzutnika środków rażenia - nowy projekt

63%

Maryniak J. , Goszczyński J. A. , Mazur J.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

|

1998

|

tom R. 27, nr 65

13--24

PL

W pracy przedstawiono nową koncepcję autorotacyjnego rozrzutnika środków różnorodnego rodzaju. W oparciu o klasyczną bombę amerykańską, opracowano rozwarcie części cylindycznej na cztery identyczne łopaty zawierające rurowe rozrzutniki. Wykonano model, który przebadano w wagonowym tunelu aerodynamicznym. Wyznaczono bezwymiarowe współczynniki aerodynamiczne na wirującym w strumieniu powietrza obiekcie.

20

The Relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots Monastery (1134) as a Source for Studying Arms and Armour of Medieval Armenian Warriors

63%

Dymydyuk D.

Studia Ceranea

|

2019

|

tom 9

207-250

EN

Byzantium’s arms and armours were researched by many historians. For that reason, the military history of the medieval Roman Empire enjoyed a dominant position in medieval historiography, with the consequence that very often the military history of small nations (under Roman influences) was written from the perspective of the Eastern Romans historians. The aim of the paper is to change this perspective and give the subject of the medieval Armenian military the attention it deserves. The idea is to perform an analysis of the relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots monastery, where four equestrians and one infantryman are depicted, and to compare it with other Armenian, Byzantine and Muslim sources. In this relief, a spherical mace head and a sword with sleeve cross-guard are represented, suggesting many parallels with East-Roman archaeological and figurative sources. No less important is the depiction of the military trumpet because it is the first image of this object in Armenian art, which can be compared with pictures from the Madrid Skylitzes (13th c.). In addition, the only defensive weapon which is presented in this relief is a round shield with a floral ornament. There are many depictions of round shields in Armenian miniatures and reliefs from 10th–11th c. Moreover, this relief is one of the few where stirrups and the chape of a scabbard are shown. These elements represent an important piece of information because these pictures can be compared with actual archaeological East-Roman artefacts to reconstruct their real look. The conclusions are that the majority of Armenian weapons bear similarities to Byzantine ones but no less important are the Muslim influences, which have been found in some cases. Located between two civilizations (Byzantium and the Muslim Potentates), Armenians adopted the best solutions of their military technologies, creating their own culture. Moreover, thanks to this comparative analysis, further support will be given to the idea that medieval figurative sources are more or less accurate material for studying medieval military history.