Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Application of Markov Model in Crude Oil Price Forecasting

100%

Isah N. , Abdul Talib B.

Path of Science

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2017

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tom 3

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nr 8

1007-1012

EN

Crude oil is an important energy commodity to mankind. Several causes have made crude oil prices to be volatile. The fluctuation of crude oil prices has affected many related sectors and stock market indices. Hence, forecasting the crude oil prices is essential to avoid the future prices of the non-renewable natural resources to rise. In this study, daily crude oil prices data was obtained from WTI dated 2 January to 29 May 2015. We used Markov Model (MM) approach in forecasting the crude oil prices. In this study, the analyses were done using EViews and Maple software where the potential of this software in forecasting daily crude oil prices time series data was explored. Based on the study, we concluded that MM model is able to produce accurate forecast based on a description of history patterns in crude oil prices.

2

Prognoza cen podstawowych metali nieżelaznych w 1998 r.

100%

Niedek T.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

|

1998

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tom R. 43, nr 1

25-27

3

Zwolnienie z obowiązku zatwierdzania ceny węgla brunatnego

100%

Muras Z.

Biuletyn Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki

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2002

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tom nr 2

38-41

4

Uczciwość cen. Etyczne aspekty procesu kształtowania cen w przedsiębiorstwach

100%

Waniowski P.

Nauki o Zarządzaniu

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2013

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nr 4(17)

184-197

EN

The purpose of this article is the introduction and critical assessment of the integrity of prices in terms of their perception by buyers with particular emphasis on those areas in which these problems manifest themselves to the greatest extent and are critical to the functioning of modern companies. It presents the possibilities of assessing the integrity of prices by buyers and factors affecting the assessment. Next the process of a fair price for the food market is discussed and analyzed where the problem is revealed with utmost clarity. It also draws attention to the importance of the new trends in consumption and modern communication techniques in the assessment of fair pricing and rapid growth potential for exchanging information between buyers. This contributes to a more effective opportunity to defend interests in relations with rogue companies.

5

Czynniki kształtujące ceny ropy naftowej w świecie w roku 2005

100%

Kaliski M. , Jedynak Z.

Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz

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2006

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tom R. 23/1

255-263

PL

W artykule przedstawiono czynniki kształtujące cenę ropy naftowej w świecie w roku 2005. Przybliżono najważniejsze wydarzenia gospodarcze wpływające na poziom cen oraz ich dynamikę. Podkreślono rolę OPEC oraz znaczenie krajów Bliskiego Wschodu. Określono również wpływ czynników naturalnych na koniunkturę na rynku paliw. Artykuł kończy prognoza światowych cen ropy naftowej w roku 2006

EN

The factors shaping the world's oil price in 2005 are presented in the paper. The most important economic events influencing the level and dynamics of prices are discussed. The role of OPEC and of Middle East countries is defined. The influence of natural factures on fuel market is determined. The paper is closed with a forecast of world's oil prices for 2006

6

Price - one of the factors that support the supply of road transport

100%

Križanova A.

Logistyka

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2010

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tom nr 2

EN

Price can be seen as one of the most important factors that affect development and shaping of supply in road transport. The role of price, as an instrument of supply strategy of road transport company, is primarily to stimulate the demand for particular transportation service which is affected by customer's opinion on ration between price and benefit of transportation service of specific transport company, by customer's psychological valuation of transportation service, by customer's competitive price comparison. Another important task of the price is to ensure to transport company the coverage of costs, that incurred by rendering of transportation service and making a profit so, that company would have enough funds to create and secure its supply.

SK

Cenu možno chápať ako jeden z dôležitých faktorov ovplyvňujúcich tvorbu a formovanie ponuky v cestnej doprave. Úlohou ceny ako nástroja ponukovej stratégie podniku cestnej dopravy je v prvom rade stimulovať dopyt po ponure jednotlivých prepravných služieb, ktorý býva ovplyvnený názorom zákazníka na pomer ceny a úžitku prepravnej služby daného dopravného podniku, psychologickým ocenením prepravnej služby zo strany zákazníka, zákazníckym porovnávaním cien konkurenčných ponúk. Druhou dôležitou úlohou ceny je zabezpečiť dopravnému podniku pokrytie nákladov vzniknutých pri poskytovaní prepravnej služby a tvorbu zisku tak, aby podnik mal dostatok prostriedkov na tvorbu a zabezpečenie swojej ponuky.

7

Kalkulacja ceny sieci wodno-kanalizacyjnych dla potrzeb ich wykupu przez przedsiębiorstwa przesyłowe metodą wartości bieżącej netto

88%

Kloskowski D. , Kisiel P.

Świat Nieruchomości

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2012

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nr 1(79)

34-39

EN

Under conditions of Polish business life the communes tend to transfer more and more often the operational management of water supply and sewage networks to companies specially created with that goal in mind. The company performing tasks which have a public utility character has on one hand an atypical owner, i.e. the commune (the territorial self-government units such as communes should naturally act as non-profit oriented entities), but on the other hand it is a business entity, which should operate in a market environment, and its management team should make profit oriented; economically justified decisions. The paper is an attempt to indicate the ways of calculating the price, which may be applied by media supplying companies to appropriately set the sales value of water supply and sewage networks built by the “private” investor. Two methods are considered based on the method of discounting cash flows. In the first paper of the series, the authors describe the specific character of the good offered for sale – that is the water supply and sewage network and focus their attention on the use of the Net Present Value method for the calculation of the sales price of the network.

8

Giving customers full control over prices: state of the research in marketing

88%

Krzyzanowska M. , Tkaczyk J.

Handel Wewnętrzny

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2018

|

tom 64

|

nr 4 t.2

EN

The article gives an updated review on how the PWYW mechanism is conceptually defined and how it has been empirically analysed so far. The objective is to get an in-depth understanding of the state of research from the point of view of marketing, especially regarding how empirical verification of PWYW is conducted. In doing so, several insights on how to further research this phenomenon from the point of view of marketing are given.

PL

W artykule dokonano przeglądu aktualnej wiedzy na temat mechanizmu płać-ile-chcesz. Celem było ustalenie stanu badań z punktu widzenia marketingu, a w szczególności zaproponowanie modelu koncepcyjnego do analiz oraz wskazanie potencjalnych luk badawczych.

RU

В статье провели обзор актуальных знаний насчет механизма «плати, сколько желаешь». Цель - определить состояние изучения с точки зрения маркетинга, в особенности же предложить концептуальную модель для анализов и указать потенциальные исследовательские бреши.

9

A comparison of prediction efficiency for timber prices in Poland in times of economic crisis with the application of the linear approximation method and brown’s exponential smoothing model

88%

Górna A. , Adamowicz K.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

|

2021

|

tom vol. 64, nr 208

135--147

EN

An analysis was made of two prediction methods: the Linear Approximation Method (LAM) and Brown’s Exponential Smoothing Model (BESM). These two methods were investigated and compared in terms of their efficiency in timber price prediction. Models and price predictions were prepared based on three time series (5-, 7- and 9-year) for three years: 2015, 2016 and 2017. The analyses were conducted using data on mean annual timber prices from the period 2006-2017. This meant that the time series included the years of the 2007-2008 economic crisis. Prediction efficiency was evaluated by comparing the results obtained with actual timber prices in the years 2015-2017. It was found that the predictions generated by LAM were better than those produced by BESM. The smallest relative and absolute errors of prediction were obtained applying the linear function: Υt^ = 5.277t + 161.70. This function was constructed based on a 5-year time series. Absolute error amounted to 1.59 PLN (€0.35). Relative error was below 1%. The results of this work suggest that further studies are desirable to investigate the applicability of trend analysis to the prediction of timber prices with the inclusion of analyses of nonlinear trends. The present results of timber price modelling may provide a basis to search for a homogeneous model of timber price prediction adapted to specific conditions of timber sales.

10

Geopolitical determinants of prices of petroleum fuels

88%

Szmigielski M. , Kowalczuk J. , Zarajczyk K. , Zarajczyk J. , Starek A. , Maslowski A. , Krzysiak Z. , Piecak A. , Kowalik K.

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa

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2017

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tom 19

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nr 4

11

Attempt to identify the causal relationships between the prices of milk in selected EU countries

88%

Tluczak A.

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

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2011

|

tom 13

|

nr 6

EN

The causality Granger test was used to assess the causal links between the prices of milk in selected European Union countries. The Granger test is based on the vector autoregression models - VAR. The conducted research allowed to identify causal relationships between the prices of milk in the following countries: Poland, Germany, France, the Czech Republic, Slovakia.

PL

Modele VAR są przydatnym narzędziem do badania związków przyczynowych między zmiennymi ekonomicznymi. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy zależności między zmianami cen mleka w wybranych krajach UE a cenami mleka w Polsce. Z badań wynika, że cena mleka w Polsce zależy od ceny tego produktu we Francji, Niemczech, Czechach i Słowacji, zaś ceny mleka na Słowacji zależą od cen mleka w Polsce. Stwierdzono, iż identyfikacja związków przyczynowo-skutkowych za pomocą testu Grangera, pozwala skutecznie prognozować krótko- i średnioterminowe ceny mleka.

12

Cena jako wartość oddziałująca na fenomenologię polskiej przestępczości przeciwko własności przemysłowej

88%

Nowak M.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2018

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nr 8

82-94

EN

The article entitled: „Price as a value affecting the phenomenology of Polish crime against industrial property” depicts the potential impact of products’s prices on the phenomenon of crime. The article begins with the analysis of consumers’s and producers’s behavior on the illegal market (a.k.a. grey area). Specifying, author describes the law of supply and demand in the terms of organized crime. In the text the reader gets to know definition of a trademark in the Polish legal system. In what follows the modus operandi of criminal groups counterfeiting trademarks is presented. Futhermore writer not only researches falsifications of goods in Poland, but also formulates statistical date (police, judicial and penitentiary). The paper ends with the comparison of illegal activity to enterprise.

13

The Evolution of the Market Value Definition

88%

Kucharska-Stasiak E.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 16, no. 4

135--155

EN

The purpose of the study is the following: (1) indicate the economic sources of the definition of value, including the market value of real estate, (2) present the definition and interpretation of this category, (3) its evolution and the difficult path towards its acceptance in Polish conditions, and (4) identify the reasons for this category being frequently misunderstood in the professional environment. A research hypothesis was put forward that the market value is of a contract nature, its definition and interpretation may change. The study employed a critical analysis of the source literature and legal documents as its methods.

14

Analysis of the property market in Slovakia

88%

Drachal K.

Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Oeconomica

|

2013

|

tom 73

15

Commercial negotiations in the foundry engineering

88%

Wojtynek L.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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tom Vol. 8, iss. 3

221-226

EN

The article presents the process of commercial negotiations paying attention to the negotiation itself as well as to its basic elements. The specificity of the Polish foundries' main negotiation partners from The European Union, who are the deliverers of diverse casting range, was specified. The most important cultural factors, which determine the process of negotiations conducted by the representatives of various cultural groups, were analysed. The understanding of cultural differences and adapting to them while negotiating are important factors which constitute the parties' negotiation process. The meaning of price in the commercial negotiation process was described. The elements of sale process and the factors which influence the casts price were enumerated. What is more, the main methods of determining price were characterized. The essential problems connected with conducting the price negotiations in foundries were indicated.

16

Ponowny spadek cen celulozy w związku ze słabnącym popytem

75%

Graczyk T.

Przegląd Papierniczy

|

2012

|

tom R. 68, nr 2

75-76

17

Impact of consumer prices and cash income on consumption of dairy products

75%

Kubicova L. , Kadekova Z.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia

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2013

|

tom 12

|

nr 3

EN

In the paper is modeled demand for dairy products based on the consumer price of milk product and disposable cash incomes available to households of employees, households of self-employed persons and pensioners by regression and correlation analysis and marketing research. In examining the consumption of dairy products was quantified elasticity of demand, own price elasticity, indirect (cross) elasticity of demand, substitution relationships, complementarity and association.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono modele popytu na przetwory mleczne opracowane na podstawie ceny detalicznej produktu mlecznego i dochodu dyspozycyjnego w gospodarstwach domowych pracowników, gospodarstwach domowych osób pracujących na własny rachunek, a także w gospodarstwach domowych rencistów, przy zastosowaniu regresji i analizy korelacji oraz badań marketingowych. W analizach spożycia produktów mlecznych wyznaczono elastyczność popytu, elastyczność cenową, krzyżową elastyczność popytu, skłonność do substytucji oraz komplementarności.

18

Opakowania z tektury falistej coraz "cenniejsze"

75%

Fornalski Z. , Kołodziejski R.

Przegląd Papierniczy

|

2007

|

tom R. 63, nr 8

450-452

19

Urban farming – underestimated source of ecosystem services : Allotment gardens in Poland case study

75%

Burchard-Dziubińska M.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

|

2014

|

tom nr 4

178--186

EN

In this paper these concepts are going to be used to analyze the services provided by ecosystems in association with urban farming in allotment gardens. In this case there are some difficulties in analyzing the supporting services and their value. Hence, only provisioning, regulating and cultural services will be taken into consideration.

PL

W miastach i metropoliach na całym świecie rosnąca populacja mieszkańców, aby osiągnąć wysoki standard życia, potrzebuje więcej terenów zielonych. Tymczasem stare ogrody działkowe stają się zagrożone z uwagi na wysokie ceny gruntów w centrach miast. Konieczne staje się wypracowanie i wprowadzenie nowych argumentów na rzecz ochrony tych obszarów jako właściwych dla rolnictwa miejskiego. W takim przypadku nierynkowe metody wyceny mogą być pomocne w szacowaniu z punktu widzenia wszystkich mieszkańców miasta wartości usług ekosystemowych związanych z ogrodami działkowymi. Uwzględnienie wartości tych usług, wpływając dodatnio na cenę działek, powinno ułatwić ich zachowanie w dotychczasowym zastosowaniu.

20

The Elasticity of Demand for Catfish Products (Clarias sp.) in Bandung City of Indonesia

75%

Rizal A. , Aprilia L. , Nurruhwati I. , Nurhayati A.

World Scientific News

|

2018

|

tom 102

76-89

EN

This research aims to analyze the demand elasticity of catfish (Clarias sp.) on Bandung City and to analyze the factors (the price of catfish, the price of tilapia fish, the price of broiler chicken meat, the price of rice and percapita income) that are affect the demand for catfish (Clarias sp.) on Bandung City. This research was conducted on January 22th until February 16th at Bandung City. The method used is descriptive analytical method by using periodical data (time series). This data retrieval technique by using purposive sampling where a researcher must really know that the respondents who choose can provide the desired information in accordance with research problems. The results showed that the demand for catfish (Clarias sp.) on Bandung City is elastic, and the factors that affect the demand for catfish (Clarias sp.) on Bandung City are the price of catfish, the price of red tilapia fish, the price of broiler chicken meat, the price of rice and percapita income.