Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A Paradigm for Identifying Ability in Competition: The association Between Anthropometry, Training and Equipment with Race Times in Male Long-Distance Inline Skaters - the ‘Inline One Eleven’

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Knechtle B. , Knechtle P. , Rosemann T.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 2

171-179

EN

Purpose. The association between anthropometric and training characteristics on an athlete's performance has been investigated in swimmers, cyclists and runners, but not in inline skaters. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometry, pre race preparation and equipment in the finishers of the longest inline race in Europe, the ‘Inline One eleven’ over 111 km in Switzerland. Basic procedures. We investigated the association of anthropometry, training, and equipment variables with race times in 84 male ultra-endurance inline skaters using bi- and multivariate analysis. Main findings. In the multivariate analysis, percent body fat, duration per training unit, and personal best time in the ‘Inline One eleven’ was related to the race time for all finishers. Out of the 84 finishers, 58 had already finished an ‘Inline One eleven’ while 26 participated for the first time. Speed in training and the kind of skates worn were related to race times of the 26 inexperienced finishers. The inexperienced finishers skating with custom made skates were significantly faster with 229.1 (12.7) min compared to inexperienced finishers using ordinary skates finishing within 290.8 (35.4) min (p < 0.001). For experienced inliners, body mass, the sum of skin-folds and percent body fat correlated to race time. Conclusions. We assume that inexperienced athletes in ultra-endurance skating need time to gain the experience necessary in choosing the correct equipment and doing the training in order to successfully finish a long-distance inline race. Experienced inliners can only improve race performance in an ultra-endurance inline race such as the ‘Inline One eleven’ through a reduction of their body fat.

2

The Diagnosis of Excessive Body Mass and Body Fat in 18-Year-Old Youth – Assessment of Comparability of Results Obtained on the Basis of BMI and BIA Methods

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Kawalec-Kajstura E. , Malinowska-Lipien I. , Brzostek T.

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tom 124

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nr 3

120-124

EN

Introduction. A systematic increase in the frequency of excessive body mass in young Poles is an argument supporting the need for identification persons with the increased risk. It is justified to test the level of comparability of the applied screening methods and criteria of diagnosing excessive body mass and body fat in the adolescent group. Aim. To assess the comparability of the results in terms of frequency of diagnosing of overweight and body fat excessive content depending on the method and assessment criteria in 18-year-olds. Material and methods. The study comprised 141 secondary school students (100 women and 41 men), with the age median of 17.8 ± 0.5 years. The measurements included height and body mass (to calculate the BMI) and assessment of the percentage of body fat content with two methods of bioelectric impedance in two bipolar versions: Tanita BC-570 and Omron BF-306. Results. Excessive body mass, as defined by the BMI, was found in 12.1% of students. The incidence of diagnosing excessive contents of body fat in the organism depended on the method of measurement and criteria of results interpretation; 20.6% with the Tanita and 28.3% with the Omron method. The measurements with Tanita BC-570 scales demonstrated stronger correlation with BMI value (p<0.001; r2=0.34) than measurements with the Omron BF-306 (p<0.001; r2=0.16). Conclusions. In young adults: 1. the diagnosis of excessive body mass by BMI and measurement with use of the bioelectric impedance methods with two bipolar versions (Tanita BC-570, Omron BF-306) provided inconsistent results. 2. The proportion of young people with excessive body fat was greater than indicated by the BMI norms. 3. The measurement with Tanita BC-570 scales demonstrated stronger correlation with BMI values than by the ones with the Omron. 4. Critical approach to the applied methods is indispensable in screening studies of nutrition level among adolescents.

3

A Comparison of Anthropometry between Ironman Triathletes and Ultra-swimmers

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Knechtle B. , Baumann B. , Knechtle P. , Wirth A. , Rosemann T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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tom 24

57-64

EN

We intended to compare the anthropometry of male and female Ironman triathletes with the anthropometry of male and female ultra-swimmers. Body mass, body mass index and body fat were lower in both male and female triathletes compared to swimmers. Body height and length of limbs were no different between the two groups. In the multi-variate analysis, in male triathletes, body mass (p=0.015) and percent body fat (p=0.0003) were related to race time; percent body fat was also related to the swim split (p=0.0036). In male swimmers, length of the arm was related to race time (p=0.0089). In female triathletes and swimmers, none of the investigated anthropometric variables showed an association with race time. We concluded that Ironman triathletes and ultra-swimmers were different regarding anthropometry and that different anthropometric variables were related to race time. We assume that other factors, such as training and equipment, as opposed to anthropometry, may better predict race time in male and female Ironman triathletes.

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Associations of nutrition and body composition with cardiovascular disease risk factors in soldiers during a 6-month deployment

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Nykänen T. , Pihlainen K. , Kyröläinen H. , Fogelholm M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2020

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tom 33

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nr 4

457-466

EN

ObjectivesThis observational follow-up study investigated the associations of nutrition and body composition with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including pro-inflammatory biomarkers, in soldiers during a 6-month deployment.Material and MethodsThirty-five male soldiers were assessed at months 0, 3 and 6, and their parameters, i.e., M±SD, were as follows: age 30.0±8.7 years, height 179±6 cm, and BMI 24.2±2.5 kg/m2. Three-day food diaries were used for monitoring macronutrient intake. Body composition was estimated using bioimpedance. Fasting blood samples for lipids and pro-inflammatory biomarkers were collected, and blood pressure measurements were performed.ResultsCarbohydrate intake increased and protein intake decreased at month 3 (p = 0.034, p < 0.001), while body composition remained stable. Systolic blood pressure increased at month 6, while other CVD risk factors remained within the reference values. Fat mass and body fat percentage were associated positively with total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations at all measurement points. A negative association was found between the change in fiber intake vs. the change in total (r = –0.36, p = 0.033) and LDL cholesterol (r = –0.39, p = 0.019).ConclusionsLower fiber intake and a greater amount of body fat were associated with high total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. Nevertheless, the measured CVD risk factors remained within the reference values, except for the higher systolic blood pressure. A regular screening of body composition and a higher consumption of fiberrich foods may promote cardiometabolic health in soldiers.

5

Body composition of undergraduates – comparison of four different measurement methods

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Brtková M. , Bakalár P. , Matúš I. , Hančová M. , Rimárová K.

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2014

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tom 2

38-44

EN

The objective of this study was to determine body composition of university students using four different methods and to find out the extent of agreement between these methods regarding the measurement of body fat percentage in body composition. The study group consisted of 52 students of the P.J. Šafárik University in Košice (29 males and 23 females) whose average age was 22.4 ± 1.9. The study group was formed by convenience sampling. Basic somatometric parameters (body height and weight) were determined and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The body fat percentage was determined by indirect methods, that is by measuring skinfold thickness at 10 locations on the body using calliper Best II.K501 and by bioimpendance method using devices Bodystat 1500, Omron BF511 (tetra-polar electrode configuration) and Omron BF300 (bi-polar electrode configuration). Profile analysis based on one-sample Hotelling’s test with chi-squared approximation was used for assessing agreement among given four methods of body fat measurements. Statistical analysis of differences among methods was supplemented by the Bland-Altman graphical method with the Wilcoxon paired test. The whole statistical analysis was performed using Excel and software R. Hotteling’s Test (p < 2.2e-16) rejected the hypothesis of agreement between the methods. The greatest influence on this rejection was attributed to the Omron BF511 method. In addition, the results of Wilcoxon’s matched pairs test confirmed the difference of the Omron BF511 method from the other three measurement methods. Bland-Altman graphical analysis showed that the Omron BF511 provided clearly higher values in comparison to the three remaining measurement methods of body fat percentage. The skinfold measurement, the Omron BF300 and the Bodystat 1500 were almost identical. For all the indirect methods it is necessary to validate the accuracy of their measurements using reference methods for the current local population. The skinfold thickness measurement method by Pařízková meets this requirement. Based on our results, the values determined by the devices Omron BF300 and Bodystat 1500 can also be considered applicable. The Omron BF511 does not provide results that could be considered sufficiently accurate for the purposes of research. In order to verify this conclusion the larger group of probands (n = 100 - 300) and a method of repeated measurements would be necessary.

6

Effect of Training on Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Variables of U-19 Soccer Players

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Manna I. , Khanna G. , Dhara P.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2011

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tom 3

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nr 4

237-247

EN

Background: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of training on selected morphological, physiological and biochemical variables in soccer players under 19 years of age.Material/Methods: A total of 30 Indian male soccer players under 19 years of age (age: 16.00-18.99 yr) volunteered for this study. The training sessions were divided into 2 phases (i) Preparatory Phase (PP, 8 weeks) and (ii) Competitive Phase (CP, 4 weeks). The training programme consisted of aerobic, anaerobic and skill development, and was completed 4 hrs/day; 5 days/week. Selected morphological, physiological and biochemical variables were measured at zero level (baseline data, BD) and at the end of PP and CP.Results: A significant increase (P<0.05) in lean body mass, VO2max, anaerobic power, grip and back strength, urea and uric acid levels; and a decrease (P<0.05) in percentage of body fat, haemoglobin, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels have been noted in PP and CP when compared to BD. However, no significant change was noted in stature, body mass, maximal heart rate, triglyceride and HDL-C levels of the players after the training.Conclusions: This study would provide useful information for training and selection of soccer players of under-19-year-old groups.

7

The night-eating syndrome, physical activity and BMI relationship in university students

63%

Uher I. , Bukova A. , Hancova M. , Rimarova K.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

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2013

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tom 12

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nr 2

EN

There is not a region in the world untouched by the obesity epidemic. Once just a problem of wealthy nations, obesity now impacts countries at all economic levels. The night-eating syndrome (NES) consists of evening hyperphagia or nocturnal eating. However, it is not consistently related to elevated BMI and physical activity (Nolan et al., 2012). We have evidence that the prevalence of NES is higher among overweight-related people, than in a general community. Nevertheless, the exact relationship between this syndrome, physical activity and obesity remains unclear. The reasons for the discrepancies found in the literature include varying diagnostic criteria and a wide range of study population characteristics. The aim of our cross sectional study, that is part of VEGA project “Selected risk factors of obesity and its prevention by physical activity” No.1/1343/12, was to investigate the relationship between the night-eating pattern, physical activity (PA) and BMI on a sample of university freshmen and fresh-women (774 males / 1142 females) with a mean age of 21,46 years (SD = 2.33).We found positive association between eating late, physical activity and BMI. However, we recognized some differences between sexes in physical activity and eating habits.

PL

Wszystkie regiony świata są dotknięte przez epidemię otyłości. Do niedawna problem ten dotyczył jedynie krajów rozwiniętych gospodarczo, teraz również problem mają kraje mniej rozwinięte i słabo rozwinięte gospodarczo. Zespół nocnego jedzenia (zespół odżywiania nocnego NES – night eating syndrom) obejmuje późne (hyperfagie) i nocne jedzenie. Istnieją różne poglądy na temat związku pomiędzy NES a wzrostem wskaźnika masy ciała i aktywnością fizyczną, a zależności opisywane w literaturze są niejednoznaczne (Nolan i in., 2012). Mamy dowody, aby twierdzić, że występowanie NES jest bardziej widoczne u osób z większą nadwagą niż u pozostałej populacji. Jednak dokładny związek pomiędzy NES i aktywnością fizyczną i otyłością pozostaje nieokreślony. Powodem tej rozbieżności wyników badań są różne kryteria diagnostyczne, jak również różnorodność badanej populacji. Celem naszego przekrojowego badania, które jest częścią projektu VEGA „wybrane czynniki ryzykowych faktorów otyłości i jej profilaktyka aktywnością fizyczną” No.1/1343/12, było zbadanie relacji między NES, aktywnością fizyczną i BMI studentów (774 mężczyzn / 1142 kobiet) ze średnią wieku 21,46 lat (zakres = 2,33). Stwierdziliśmy pozytywny związek między NES, aktywnością fizyczną i BMI. Z drugiej strony, zaobserwowaliśmy różnice między płciami, NES i aktywnością fizyczną.

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Changes of body composition among university students depending on the consumption frequency of selected bakery products

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Gazarova M. , Meciarova L. , Menhartova S. , Bihari M.

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tom 72

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nr 3

9

Effect of neonatal beta3-adrenoceptor agonist CL 316,243 treatment on body fat accumulation and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in rats from reduced nests

63%

Sefcikova Z. , Racek L.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2015

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tom 53

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nr 4

10

Effect of long-term vagal stimulation on food intake and body weight during diet induced obesity in rats

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Bugajski A. J. , Gil K. , Ziomber A. , Zurowski D. , Zaraska W. , Thor P. J.

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2007

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tom 58

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nr 1

5-12

11

Body fat and quality of life in women treated for breast cancer

63%

Czerniak U. , Demuth A. , Krzykala M. , Ziolkowska-Lajp E.

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 1

12

The assessment of serum concentration of adiponectin, leptin and serum carbohydrate antigen-19.9 in patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis

63%

Dranka-Bojarowska D. , Lekstan A. , Olakowski M. , Jablonska B. , Lewinski A. , Musialski P. , Sobczyk W. , Kapalka A. , Lampe P.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 5

13

Concentrations of leptin and neuropeptide Y in maternal plasma, umbilical cord blood and in amniotic fluid in pregnant women with EPH-gestosis

63%

Kokot F. , Ulman I. , Wiecek A. , Irzyniec T. , Ulman J.

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tom 46

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nr 5

14

Body fat distribution in a sample of young female volleyball players

51%

Krzykala M. , Czerniak U. , Demuth A.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 2

15

Relationship of vertical jump test with anthropometric parameters and body composition in university students - a gender variation

51%

Dalui R. , Roy A. S. , Kalinski M. , Bandyopadhyay A.

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tom 05

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nr 1

EN

Vertical jump test (VJT) is one of the important determinants of physical fitness. VJT score in school going children of West Bengal, India has been reported. However, pertinent data in young sedentary Indian males and females are unavailable. Moreover, the relationship of VJT with anthropometric parameters and different components of body composition has not yet been explored in Indian context. Debatable findings have been reported regarding the impact of body composition on VJT score. The present study was aimed to evaluate the VJT score in young sedentary Indian university students and its relationship with anthropometric parameters and different components of body composition with special reference to gender variation. Healthy sedentary university students (males n = 40 and females n = 40) with similar socio-economic background and age group of 21–25 years were randomly sampled for the study from the post-graduate section of the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. VJT was evaluated by Sargent Jump Test, and body composition was determined by skinfold measurements. Body height, body mass, %Fat, Total Fat (TF ), LBM and VJT score depicted significant (p < 0.001) difference between male and female groups. The VJT scores obtained in the male and female groups were in the range of below average and poor, respectively. Physical parameters did not influence the VJT score in both genders. In the present study the VJT score exhibited significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation with %fat, individual skinfold, sum of skinfolds, and TF. Hence, body fat content posed as a hindrance to achieve higher jumping height, especially in females, where the lean mass helped to achieve greater VJT score in males.

16

Physical Performance, Body Composition and Somatotype in Colombian Judo Athletes

51%

Monterrosa Quintero A. , da Rosa Orssatto L. B. , Pulgarín R. D. , Follmer B.

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nr 2

56-63

EN

Background. Judo is a grappling sport that requires a combination of powerful actions (e.g., throwing techniques) and aerobic capacity. Physical performance, body composition and somatotype influences athletes’ performance. Problem and aim. Analyze the physical performance, body composition and somatotype of elite Colombian judokas and compare them with athletes from other countries. In addition, to investigate the correlation between body composition and physical performance. Methods. Fifteen judoists, eight women (21±4.7 years) and seven men (20.5±3.9 years), participated in the present study. The athletes were black belt and had international and national competition experience, winning medals in the Pan-American Games, Central and South American Championships. Squat jumps (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a contact platform were performed to evaluate lower limbs power. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using the multistage 20-m shuttle run test. The Anthropometric measurements were taken for body fat and skeletal muscle mass estimation. Pearson correlation was performed between body composition and physical performance variables. Results. In summary, lower physical performance, and higher body fat percentages were observed in Colombian judoists compared to elite judoists. In other countries Moderate negative correlation was observed between aerobic power and body fat percentage (r=-0.67), and the endomorph characteristic (r=-0.69). In addition, the skeletal muscle mass presented a very large correlation with power from both SJ (r=0.88) and CMJ (r=0.89) (p<0.05). Conclusion. Elite Colombian judokas presented lower physical performance, and higher body fat percentage than other elite judokas. The somatotype was adequate and in accordance with that reported at the elite level.

PL

Tło. Judo jest sportem polegającym na mocowaniu się, który wymaga kombinacji potężnych działań (np. techniki rzucania) i wydolności tlenowej. Wydajność fizyczna, budowa ciała i somatotyp wpływają na wydajność sportowców. Problem i cel. Celem badania była analiza fizycznej wydajności, składu ciała i somatotypu elitarnych judoków kolumbijskich i porównanie ich ze sportowcami z innych krajów. Ponadto, podjęto próbę zbadania korelacji między składem ciała a wydajnością fizyczną. Metody. W badaniu wzięło udział piętnastu zawodników judo, osiem kobiet (21 ± 4,7 lat) i siedmiu mężczyzn (20,5 ± 3,9 lat). Zawodnicy posiadali czarny pas oraz mieli międzynarodowe i krajowe doświadczenia w rywalizacji, zdobywając medale na Igrzyskach Panamerykańskich, Mistrzostwach Ameryki Środkowej i Południowej. Wykonali oni skoki z przysiadem (SJ) i skoki z obrotem (CMJ) na platformie kontaktowej, w celu oceny siły kończyn dolnych. Maksymalny pobór tlenu (VO2max) został oszacowany za pomocą wielostopniowego testu biegu wahadłowego na 20-m. Pomiary antropometryczne wykonano w celu oceny tkanki tłuszczowej i masy mięśni szkieletowych. Przeprowadzono korelację Pearsona między składem ciała a zmiennymi wydajności fizycznej. Wyniki. Podsumowując, u kolumbijskich zawodników judo zaobserwowano niższą sprawność fizyczną i wyższy odsetek tkanki tłuszczowej w porównaniu z elitarnymi judokami. W innych krajach zaobserwowano umiarkowaną korelację ujemną między wydajnością tlenową a procentową zawartością tkanki tłuszczowej (r = -0,67) i cechą endomorficzną (r = -0,69). Ponadto masa mięśni szkieletowych wykazywała bardzo dużą korelację z wydajnością zarówno z SJ (r = 0,88), jak i CMJ (r = 0,89) (p <0,05). Wniosek. Elitarni kolumbijscy zawodnicy judo prezentowali niższe wyniki fizyczne i wyższy procent tkanki tłuszczowej niż najlepsi judocy z innych krajów. Somatotyp był odpowiedni i zgodny z obowiązującym na poziomie elitarnym.

17

The influence of orlistat, metformin and diet on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in obese women with and without insulin resistance

51%

Kujawska-Luczak M. , Szulinska M. , Skrypnik D. , Musialik K. , Swora-Cwynar E. , Kregielska-Narozna M. , Markuszewski L. , Grzymislawski M. , Bogdanski P.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2018

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tom 69

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nr 5

18

Obesity and iron metabolism

44%

Zekanowska E. , Boinska J. , Giemza-Kucharska P. , Kwapisz J.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2011

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tom 92

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nr 2

19

Effect of pinealectomy and prolonged melatonin administration on circadian testicular function in food restricted rats

44%

Ostrowska Z. , Zwirska-Korczala K. , Kajdaniuk D. , Gorski J. , Buntner B.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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1995

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tom 43

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nr 1

20

The effect of fasting and physical exercise on plasma leptin concentrations in high-fat fed rats

44%

Kowalska I. , Straczkowski M. , Gorski J. , Kinalska I.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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1999

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tom 50

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nr 2