Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ALBANIAN HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE INVESTEMENT ALTERNATIVES

100%

Leka B. , Sharku G.

Contemporary Economics

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2009

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nr 4(12)

77-89

EN

The article presents issues related to the investment alternatives for the households and the opportunities offers especially to Albanian families by the financial market. The main part of this study consists in developing empirical models, which can explain the behavior of Albanian individuals to invest in a particular portfolio. A survey was conducted consisting in 300 questionnaires. The research covered different cities in Albania, selected basically on their size and geographical location. The models are developed the Binar Models (models with discrete values), where the dependable variables are binary. Undependable variables are category. In the developed equations are reflected the main factors influencing the probability of undertaking by individuals investments with no risk or with risk.

2

A Warsaw bourgeoisie household in the second half of the 19th century.

100%

Wiernicka A.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

93-98

EN

The article is based on the probate inventory of Herman Epstein, one of the most active and prosperous businessmen of the Kingdom of Poland in the mid 19th century. Addressing very briefly the issues of career and family ties, only to signal that probate inventories can be a very useful auxiliary source in studying such problems, the paper focuses on the picture of everyday life culture and the organization of household space. The text guides the reader through the Warsaw house of the Epstein family, describing the number, types and functions of the rooms, as well as their furnishings, which reflected both the fashion of the time and the owner's taste. We can find out which rooms were the scene of family life, and which were used only sporadically, how family life intersected with Epstein's professional activity and how many people, family members and others, lived in the house. A detailed analysis of an inventory, which is a very special type of source, can reveal interesting data beyond the sphere of material culture, e.g. it can shed light on family relations or individuals' interests. Therefore, in this case, Herman Epstein, of whose life we know only plain facts, or Eleonora Epstein, of whom we know next to nothing, become real people with emotions and pursuits. The article is intended as a case study and it does not generalize about the whole social class represented by the family in question. The lifestyle of the emerging bourgeoisie awaits more complex and deeper research.

3

K NIEKTORÝM OTÁZKAM ROZHODOVANIA SLOVENSKÝCH DOMÁCNOSTÍ

100%

Kika M. , Kollár J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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tom 52

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nr 4

354 – 373

EN

The paper deals with the issues of decision-making. It focuses on the knowledge of selected aspects of decision-making in households, which has so far received only marginal attention. It answers the question to what activities households perform in the decision-making process, identifies the main decision makers and circumstances that limit their decision-making. Based on the statements of more than 500 households about decision-making in eight selected activities and leisure time it provides initial information about Slovak households in term of their decision-making.

4

DIFFERENCES IN THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF HOUSEHOLDS REPRESENTING VARIOUS SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS AND SIZES (Zroznicowanie poziomu zycia gospodarstw domowych wedlug grup spoleczno-ekonomicznych i ich wielkosci)

100%

Majchrzak A. , Stanislawska J.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2009

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nr 3(144)

98-108

EN

The aim of the paper was to assess the standard of living of Polish households in 2006 according to their size and division into socio-economic categories. To measure it a synthetic indicator based on the TOPSIS method was used. The conducted analysis revealed significant differences in the standard of living of individual households. The highest standard of living characterised the households of self-employed persons, which had up to five members, and the households of employed persons, which had not more than two members. In turn, the lowest standard of living was observed in the two-member households of farmers and in the many-member households of retired persons and disability pensioners. Significant disparities in the level of satisfaction of needs relating to individual goods and services may cause differences in the behaviour of individuals, lead to social marginalisation and the emergence of pathological groups that have no chances for proper participation in social life.

5

Procesy konwergencji na europejskim rynku kredytów dla gospodarstw domowych

100%

Wałęga G.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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nr 897

41-55

EN

Dynamic growth in the household lending market has in recent years increased this market’s importance and has had an influence on the entire economy. The article compares the development of the credit market for households in Poland with both highly developed European countries and those with a level of socioeconomic development on a par with Poland’s. The hypothesis is that European integration affects the credit market and leads, despite historical and cultural differences, to its gradual real convergence. These trends are particularly pronounced among the new EU members. Rapid development of the credit market for households has been accompanied by changes in this market’s structure – loans are increasingly becoming a source of the long-term financing of household consumption. Analysis based on the aggregated data reveals that the volume of loans per capita depends largely on the wealth of households. Clustering done using Ward’s method made it possible to isolate four groups of countries that are similar in terms of the size of their credit market relative to households (measured in relation to GDP) and its structure (the share of housing loans to total retail loans). The increase in the relative size of the credit market in post-socialist countries, after an initial rapid increase in demand for consumer loans, is made possible only by increasing the share of long-term loans on property.

6

REFLECTION OF THE SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF RESULTS OF INTRA-SITE SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRZEWORSK CULTURE SETTLEMENTS AT RAWA MAZOWIECKA (CENTRAL POLAND) - SETTLEMENT AND HOUSEHOLD.

100%

Skowron J.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2007

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tom 59

9-40

EN

In this paper author present a complex of two settlements from Rawa Mazowiecka sites 3 and 38 located to each others on the opposite slopes of Rawka river valley. The settlement in Rawa Mazowiecka site 3 is situated on the mildly slope in the western part of the valley. The houses and adornment processing workshops were found here. This settlement had existed from the mid of II century BC to the II/III century AD. The site 38 is placed on the opposite site of the valley in the elevation of relatively high jut of the terrace in the east part of the Rawka river valley. There was large, 'prestigious' household which comprises tripartie long house and several storage constructions and installations. This site had been inhabited from the mid of I century AD to the II/III century AD. Chronology of both sites 3 and 38 based on 14C dates and results of analysis of artefacts, and structure and development of the settlements reflect social structure of people lived here. It can be concluded that the group of enriched people have separated themselves from the settlement community (site 3), moved to the opposite part of the valley and build there a new household (site 38). Appearance of above mentioned reach group of people (resulting as leaders) took place on the turn of I century BC.

7

Optymalizacyjne zachowania podatkowe gospodarstw domowych

100%

Krasucka M.

Nauki o Finansach

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2011

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nr 6

193-207

EN

The article presents the issue of the tax behaviours of households oriented towards the optimisation of tax burden. The author shows how tax attitudes and behaviours are influenced by such factors as the strictness of the tax system and willingness to co-operate. Besides this, she presents the problem of tax planning. Using personal income tax as an example, the article presents available solutions allowing active taxpayers to pursue a strategy oriented towards the optimisation or reduction of the amount of paid taxes. The conducted analysis seems to indicate that the execution of a long-term tax burden optimisation strategy is possible practically in a limited scope and available to those households which achieve capital income, income from property rental or those undertaking to conduct business activities.

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TRENDS IN FORMING POLISH HOUSEHOLDS' MORTGAGES IN THE YEARS 2006-2010 (Tendencje w ksztaltowaniu sie zadluzenia gospodarstw domowych w Polsce z tytulu kredytów mieszkaniowych w latach 2006-2010.)

100%

Swietlik K.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 2(47)

136-148

EN

The main purpose of this article was to describe the situation in Poland in the field of mortgages taken by households in the years 2006-2010, particularly during the crisis period 2008-2009. Firstly the author characterized economic situation of Poland and chosen UE countries in general means, emphasising strong connections between GDP dynamic and demand for dwellings and mortgages to finance them. Afterwards Polish mortgages' market was described in the context of changes in real estates' prices. The author highlighted specific situation of Polish mortgages' market as very young and risky. Banks' activities on this market, which may be recognized as wrong, were characterized, as well as government program of helping households to take and pay off mortgages.

9

NOVÝ VÝSKUMNÝ TREND - ARCHEOLÓGIA DOMÁCNOSTI

100%

Niklová M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2015

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tom 19

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nr 1

133 - 155

EN

The archaeology of households is a relatively new research trend which has existed for nearly three decades. It was created in the United States and the Great Britain but nowadays, researchers are concerned with this issue in continental Europe as well. Despite it, these new approaches in the investigation of settlements and households have been rarely used in Slovakia yet. Because of this, the author ś aim is to come up with some basic information about the household archeology as a new trend and try to apply it into the archaeological investigation in Slovakia.

10

EARTH HOUSEHOLD. ON THE OIKOLOGICAL FLUIDITY OF PLACES (Domostwo ziemi. Oikologicznie o plynnosci miejsc)

100%

Marszolek G.

Anthropos?

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2011

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nr 16-17

23-29

EN

In my paper I would like to discuss the notion of the place as the one that the human experiences in the earth household of creatures. The house is, therefore, a point of intersection, where the human world meets the more-than-human one. The house is seen according to certain spiritual, geographical and linguistic criteria. Each of those aspects has, nevertheless, to offer an interpretation of the human belonging in this vast earth household, which is undertaken by Gary Snyder - American poet, translator, environmentalist. Place has its fluidity and joins the human with the earth and their history.

11

THE HOUSEHOLDS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN POLAND AT THE CLOSE OF THE FEUDAL EPOCH (Gospodarstwo domowe osób starszego pokolenia w miastach na ziemiach polskich w epoce póznofeudalnej)

100%

Kuklo C.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

121-134

EN

Although our knowledge of the mechanisms of the functioning and development of urban communities before the industrial era has been systematically broadening, there are still issues in this area which await more extensive research. One of such topics is the situation of elderly people. It can be supposed that in Old-Polish urban communities old age usually implied the end of one's economic activity, the lowering of one's social status, dependence on one's family or moving to a local poorhouse, or even degradation to the class of paupers vegetating in destitution. The present article aims to show the place of old people in the urban communities at the end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by establishing the proportion of old people who run their own households and by defining their position in the family. Elderly people certainly did not contribute to the potential of the family viewed as an economic unit, on the contrary - they were usually treated as a serious burden for the strictly calculated family budget. The article is an attempt to explore the mechanisms of the functioning of urban communities at the very basic level of its smallest unit, i.e. the family household and its immediate economic surroundings, with special stress on the demographic factor. A detailed analysis was undertaken on the basis of data from smaller towns: Bedzin, Klobuck, Krzepice, Mrzyglód, Mstów, Nowa Góra, Ogrodzieniec, Olkusz, Olsztyn, Pilica, Proszowice, Wolbrom, Zarnowiec (Little Poland), Ostrzeszów, Praszka, Wielun (Great Poland), Radziejów (Kuyavia), as well as the more populated Cracow (10 000 inhabitants within the city walls) and the city of Warsaw (over 100 000 inhabitants). The source basis consisted of handwritten records from the parishes of the aforementioned small towns and of the central parishes of Warsaw (the Holy Cross parish) and Cracow (the Virgin Mary parish). All the records came from the years 1791-1792; they were compiled by local priests for the new organs of local administration established by the Four-Year Sejm. The analysis implemented the widely accepted typology of family households proposed by P. Laslett of Cambridge Group. It should be remembered that Old-Polish towns, like many other European towns, were to a considerable extent feminized, which was best visible in larger communities. The prevalence of females was also traceable in the oldest group. Of the elderly inhabitants about 75% of men and only 20-50% of women were married. This indicates that widowhood concerned a relatively small proportion of old men, while it was a common situation for the majority of old women. Old-Polish towns did not provide particularly favourable conditions to spend one's late years there. Women came to run their own households in different circumstances than men; it was more dependent on age. Independent households run by old men and women (people at the age of 60 or more) were by no means marginal in social life, since they constituted 14-18% of all the households headed by men (11% in Warsaw). The proportion was even higher in female households, ranging from 20% in Warsaw to 40% in smaller towns. Although social class did not have a significant impact on the time of taking over the leading position in the household, it did influence its size. The households headed by elderly men were usually nuclear families or extended families, while over 50% of women who had their own households were single. Moreover, a household headed by an elderly woman was usually 50% smaller than a male household. The shrinking of old people's households in social stratification was caused primarily by the decreasing number of children and home servants. Finally, it should be mentioned that demographic research of the past can be based on various measures of population ageing. One of the measures is the ratio of grandchildren to grandparents, which the author intends to apply in further analyses.

12

Osvobozování domácnosti

100%

Jechová K.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 1

52-61

EN

The text deals with the efforts to save housework in relation to the process of women’s emancipation. Since the 19th century, using gas, electricity and modern devices in the household promised to eliminate physical exertion and to speed up work substantially. In the process women were to acquire time to participate in education and cultural life. In the 20th century we see a differentiation in women’s roles: educated professional women got rid of most domestic work by hiring other women to perform it. After the Second World War and in relation to the mobilization of women from homes to employment, the communist regime announced the project of the liberated household. A specialized enterprise was to provide full services to households: laundry, cleaning and mending of clothes, cleaning and others. Daily boarding was to be ensured by kitchens in preschool facilities, schools and factories. The displacement of a majority of housework from the household did not succeed, the services sector in real socialism permanently lagged behind the needs of households, and the weight of the second shift was born primarily by women. Since the 1970s the limited market offer and the limitations of public life resulted in various types of domestic activities flourishing further. The text also deals with the maximum rationalization of domestic operation as it has been implemented in the experiment of collective housing. The restriction on the kitchen space which was also reproduced in the housing cores of panel apartment buildings did not work operationally or socially. Food preparation and eating together remained important elements of family life, and today kitchens are the center of a functional home. Cooking has become a recognized activity in which men also participate. Most chores performed in the 19th century by women are carried out today by machines or have been taken over by the industry and paid services. What remains is work related to childcare and nursing the sick and elderly. The recognition and valuation of these activities, performed primarily by women, remain unresolved.

13

BEYOND POVERTY IN ROMANIA: AN ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL FACTORS OF POVERTY AND PRECARIOUS PROSPERITY

88%

Precupetu I. , Preoteasa A. M. , Vlase I.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2015

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tom 47

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nr 3

253 – 271

EN

This paper looks at both poverty and a specific layer of population in Romania we call precarious prosperity with the goal of understanding the household-level factors that contribute to the likelihood of being in this respective category. Drawing upon the emerging literature on precarious prosperity, this approach is an attempt to look beyond measures of poverty that are limited from appropriately capturing the relevant economic circumstances of disadvantaged households. Based on the latest wave of available EU-SILC data, multinomial logistic regression shows that similar household-level factors like housing type, unemployment, household production and household type have an impact on the likelihood of being in poverty or precarious prosperity.

14

DETERMINANTS OF INDIVIDUAL LIFE-RELATED INSURANCE CONSUMPTION: THE CASE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

88%

Ondruška T.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2020

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tom 68

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nr 8

846 – 863

EN

The premature death of a breadwinner, serious injuries or an insufficient level of income during retirement can decrease the living standard of households substantially. Life insurance represents a tool for managing such kinds of uncertainties. However, individuals do not adequately consider this need for security. Papers focusing on factors determining life-related insurance consumption identified many variations in the effect of these factors. The reasons are not clear, but one of the explanations is the aggregated nature of life insurance without focus on the type of covered risks. Based on survey data, we confirm the differences in the determinants of various risks covered by life insurance. In the general life insurance model, we confirmed the following as significant determinants: gender, head of household status, combination of marital status and dependent children, saving behaviour and employment status. In the private pension insurance coverage, significant determinants are age, education, saving behaviour and employment status. The willingness to buy accident cover with life insurance is determined by the saving behaviour and employment status. Marginal effect has the status of head of household.

15

DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVING: EVIDENCE FROM SLOVAKIA

88%

Pitoňáková R.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 8

837 – 852

EN

The paper focuses upon determinants of household savings in Slovakia applying quarterly data 1995 Q1 – 2015 Q1. The results contradict to the Life-Cycle Hypothesis as positive relation between saving rate and dependency ratio was identified. Applying ARDL framework we identified the following relations. In the long-run, rising property income and dependency ratio increase household saving, while higher unemployment has a negative influence. In the short-run, savings are positively impacted by property income, dependency ratio, unemployment and saving rate from previous quarter. The speed of adjustment is fast, while about 60% of disequilibrium in the previous quarter will be corrected in the current quarter.

16

Bezpieczeństwo zywnosciowe gospodarstw domowych w USA

75%

Pawlak K.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2011

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nr 3(152)

67-83

EN

The aim of the article is to determine the level of food safety of households in the United States and to present their typology basing on the level of food safety and selected demographic-economic features. For the purpose of analysis the results of secondary research carried out by the Economic Studies Section of the US Department of Agriculture in December 2009 have been used. The analysis has indicated that 15% of American households was periodically or permanently deprived of food safety and that the frequency of the occurrence of problems with satisfying basic food needs was closely linked to both the level of the households' income and to non-economic factors such as the type of a household, racial or ethnic lineage and the place of residence.

17

DYNAMICS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS AND CONSUMPTION IN THE EURO AREA

75%

Bohdalová M. , Pažický M.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 7

679 – 697

EN

In this paper, we are looking for an answer to the long-standing question how the households tend to distribute their income between consumption and savings. We have decided to analyse householder behaviour in the euro area using quarterly data for euro area countries over the time horizon 2000 – 2018 to estimate marginal propensity to consume, marginal propensity to save, and to compare the saving dynamics with monetary policy and country wealth. We first considered panel regression model estimated using Arellano-Bond estimator for aggregate euro area level. This model was altered by an autoregressive time series model applying the Newey-West standard errors for individual countries. The results show that the Global Financial Crisis was an important break-even in saving habits of European households. Finally, we have identified four country groups based on the relationship between the economic performances of euro area countries and saving habits of households.

18

HOUSING-INDUCED POVERTY AND RENT DEREGULATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

75%

Jahoda R. , Špalková D.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2012

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tom 60

|

nr 2

146 – 168

EN

This paper deals with the issue of the relationship between households’ housing costs and poverty. Using the concept of housing affordability it studies so-called housing-induced poverty in the Czech Republic. It combines this concept with the concept of relative poverty defined by Eurostat. The results show that households living in apartments with rent are the most vulnerable to poverty. The next part of the paper deals with the impact of the prospective end of regulated tenancies in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the changing level of the rents, and their influence on the number of households which are at risk of poverty. Micro-simulation models based on the EU-SILC micro data for the Czech Republic were employed in the research. Based on the results of these micro-simulation models it is assumed that the number of households at risk of poverty will increase significantly owing to the deregulation process. The paper highlights the development of the number of households at risk of poverty between the years 2008 to 2010, and discusses individual factors influencing the number of households at risk of poverty presently, as well as factors that will influence it after 2010.

19

DOMÁCE JE DOMÁCE, ALEBO UŽ SA TO PESTOVANIE V DNEŠNEJ DOBE NEOPLATÍ? (DOMÁCE HOSPODÁRENIE – STÁLE DÔLEŽITÁ SÚČASŤ ŽIVOTNÝCH STRATÉGIÍ DOMÁCNOSTÍ SLOVENSKÉHO POSTSOCIALISTICKÉHO VIDIEKA)

63%

Rochovská A. , Majo J.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2013

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tom 61

|

nr 1

7 – 30

EN

This paper presents the ways by which households and individuals construct everyday livelihoods and negotiate forms of poverty in the rural areas in Slovakia. Based on the recent research the agricultural strategies adopted by households and individuals were examined. We attempt to embrace the ways how they link informal and formal economic activities, and how they are constituted differently within households in post-socialist environment. In the research we have used a multi-methods approach, and in this paper, the results from semi-structured interviews are presented. Our theoretical concept is based on a Burawoy’s theory of the four different categories of assets: material, skill, social and citizenship assets. In our question research we have focused at more details considering the use of land and gardens, as an important part of material assets. These are the sources of wider household production. They generate domestic products which can be in consequently an important part of everyday livelihood of household as well as a source of exchange and redistribution among networks of relatives and friends

20

TENDENCIE SPOTREBITEĽSKÉHO SPRÁVANIA A SPOTREBY V DOMÁCNOSTIACH DÔCHODCOV NA SLOVENSKU

63%

Lesáková D.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2014

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tom 62

|

nr 8

823 – 841

EN

The development of consumption expenditures of pensioners is an important issue that has many serious economic and social consequences. The paper is focused on the research in pensioner´s households, particularly on the assessment of individual consumption development and changes in consumption pattern. The analysis of consumption expenditures is based on the data provided by Slovak Statistics Office Household Budget Survey for the period 2007 – 2012. During the reporting period there was a slight decrease in the proportion of expenditures for basic goods and services (food with beverages and housing, electricity and gas) in households of pensioners, even though the absolute value is growing. We come to the conclusion that the main changes in pensioner´s consumption are caused primary by the income and secondary by aging signs. The paper indicates also the differences in consumption structure between the group of pensioners and employees. Finally, reasons behind the actual individual spending of pensioners are presented.