Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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SAMOZAMESTNÁVANIE A JEHO PODPORA V KRAJINÁCH EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE – SLOVENSKO V MEDZINÁRODNOM POROVNANÍ

100%

Juríčková V. , Košta J.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2006

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tom 54

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nr 10

1009-1023

EN

The important share in employment both in old and new EU member states is represented by the self-employers. The self-employment in the advanced economies has become more and more the demonstration of utilization of the business opportunities and has let up to be the demonstration of the necessity resulted from the threatened unemployment. The article briefly analyzes development of the self-employment in those selected EU countries that simultaneously run the support programmes of self-employment and compares the expenditures on start-up programmes of self-employers in Slovakia and in these selected countries. In addition the article brings the actual knowledge from the EU advanced countries on the programmes and services for beginning entrepreneurs that could be exploited in Slovakia.

2

PATTERNS OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT: AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF YOUNG PEOPLE'S ENTREPRENEURIAL PURSUITS IN POLAND AND IN IRELAND

100%

Krzyzanowska O.

Polish Sociological Review

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2008

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nr 4(164)

417-435

EN

This article analyses the phenomenon of self-employment and entrepreneurship among the 20-35-year-olds in the two country contexts; Poland and Ireland, and the capital cities of Warsaw and Dublin, respectively, in 2005. It seeks to compare motivations driving the choice of an autonomous style of work; role of social capital both for decisions to start up as well as for subsequent economic performance; the value of an institutional environment for entrepreneurial efforts. It examines such aspects through the prism of the economic and socio-cultural characteristics of the countries in question. By this, the article draws a broad picture of findings that may inform individual as well as macro-related characteristics of entrepreneurship.

3

SOCIAL JETLAG IN THE CONTEXT OF WORK AND FAMILY

100%

Kudrnáčová M. , Hamplová D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2022

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tom 54

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nr 4

295 – 324

EN

By definition, social jetlag – a misalignment between the social and biological time – is closely linked to social obligations that conflict with the individual’s chronotype. It is a widespread phenomenon and is linked to various negative health, cognitive, and psychological outcomes. Although there are studies on social jetlag, they are mostly dominated by biomedical approaches. Therefore, the presented study aims to explore the link between social jetlag and work and family status from an original social perspective. The study explores the link between the magnitude of social jetlag and factors related to the type of occupation and selected family obligations using a representative Czech sample. Using the 4th wave of the Czech Household Panel Survey (CHPS), secondary data analysis in Stata 16 was performed. A sample of 1,441 employed and self-employed respondents was included in the analysis. The multilevel mixed-effect modelling was used to control for members of the same household. Model fit was evaluated by likelihood ratio test and BIC. Self-employed individuals are less likely to experience social jetlag than employees. Professional classes are least likely to suffer from social jetlag. Lower occupational classes experience more severe social jetlag, but its severity is moderated by self-employment. If self-employed, the routine manual and nonmanual workers do not experience significantly larger social jetlag than professionals. In contrast to occupation, we found no evidence that family status, such as co-residential partnership, contributes to the severity of social jetlag. Working parents of small children experience lower social jetlag than childless individuals. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that social jetlag is more closely linked to the type of work than to the family status.

4

Employment mobility in small business between 1992 and 2001

88%

Berde E. , Scharle A.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

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2004

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tom 51

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nr 4

346-361

EN

Writers on structural change in the economy present the expansion of small business as one contributor to the process, but empirical analysis in Eastern Europe provides little support for this. The study's initial hypothesis was that the self-employed can change occupations more easily than the employed and thereby facilitate the structure-change process. Analysis of individual-level data from the Central Statistical Office labour survey, however, suggests that on Hungary's labour market, which has traditionally low mobility, the frequency of occupation change among the self-employed exceeded that among the employed at most in the early years of the 1990s.

5

Free Movement of Workers and the Self-employment issue. Th e Case of Th e “Polish Plumber” in France

88%

Patok M.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2018

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tom 44

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nr 3 (169)

59–76

EN

Free Movement of People offers new opportunities for European Union citizens migrating into the single market. This does however, bring controversy and public debates. This paper’s focus is placed on the “Polish plumber” case – a symbol of social dumping. We study the European Union effects on the self-employment practices through the experience of Polish immigrants employed in low-skilled occupation in France. First, the reasons for setting up in France and the differences between labour conditions before and after the opening of the French labour market to Polish Immigrants are examined. The paper then discusses the self-employment career trajectories of Polish workers in France. Finally, we examine the impact that the Free Movement of Workers has on low-skilled occupations and the immigrants’ adaptation and integration into host society.

6

CO SKŁANIA IMIGRANTÓW DO ZAKŁADANIA WŁASNYCH FIRM? ANALIZA PROCESU SAMOZATRUDNIANIA I ROZWIJANIA PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW ETNICZNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE SPOŁECZNOŚCI UKRAIŃCÓW W POLSCE

75%

Andrejuk K.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2016

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tom 42

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nr 3 (161)

223-253

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania przedsiębiorców ukraińskich w Polsce, na które złożyło się 31 pogłębionych wywiadów oraz analiza danych urzędowych (z Centralnej Ewidencji i Informacji o Działalności Gospodarczej oraz z Ministerstwa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej). Ostatnie lata przyniosły dynamiczny wzrost liczby przedsiębiorstw ukraińskich – jednoosobowej działalności gospodarczej – rejestrowanych w Polsce. Artykuł pokazuje, że wiąże się to zarówno z usprawnieniem i uelastycznieniem tej formy prowadzenia biznesu wskutek nowelizacji polskiego prawa, jak też ze specyficznymi uwarunkowaniami społeczności ukraińskiej: wzmożoną migracją z Ukrainy, a jednocześnie regulacjami ułatwiającymi niektórym kategoriom migrantów osiedlanie się w Polsce (ustawa o Karcie Polaka). Na założenie działalności gospodarczej decydują się przede wszystkim osoby o stabilnym statusie prawnym, osiadające w Polsce na stałe, dobrze zintegrowane, w szczególności znające język polski. Sama Karta Polaka jest często traktowana instrumentalnie, jako przepustka do otrzymania stabilnego statusu prawnego w Polsce – wymagane deklaracje o polskim pochodzeniu składają jednostki, które reprezentują typ wielowymiarowej tożsamości pogranicza, złożonej z elementów polskich, ukraińskich lub białoruskich. Biografie moich rozmówców pokazują, że motywacje do założenia działalności gospodarczej oraz sposoby rozwijania firmy są różnorodne. Niekiedy jest to rejestracja firmy wymuszona przez faktycznego pracodawcę – w takich wypadkach wiele zależy tego, czy jednostka postrzega takie samozatrudnienie jako szansę rozwoju zawodowego czy raczej zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa i stabilności pracy. Samozatrudnienie może też wiązać się z potrzebą niezależności i realizowania własnych pomysłów na biznes (często koncentruje się wówczas na współpracy z kontrahentami z państw b. ZSRR), wykonywania wolnego zawodu lub przekonaniem o niedostępności lub trudnej dostępności zatrudnienia na umowę o pracę. Sama rejestracja spółki może stać się podstawą, po kilku latach, do uzyskania statusu pobytowego, z czego korzystają imigranci ukraińscy samozatrudnieni na stanowisku prezesa zarządu.

EN

The article presents the outcomes of research on Ukrainian self-employed migrants in Poland. The research consisted of 31 in-depth interviews and analysis of official statistical data. The number of Ukrainians registered as self-employed in Poland increased dynamically in the last ten years. It is exposed to be a result, on the one hand, of legal amendments which simplified and facilitated registration and development of business in Poland. On the other hand, the raise in self-employment rates is also a consequence of specific determinants within the Ukrainian migrant community: intensified migration from Ukraine and regulations which facilitate settling down in Poland for certain categories of immigrants from the Soviet Union (act on the Card of Pole). The Card of Pole itself is often treated pragmatically, as a way to achieve a desirable legal status in Poland. Biographies of my respondents reveal that motivations of registering business activities are diversified. Sometimes self-employment is required by an actual employer – in such cases a lot depends on whether an individual perceives this situation as a chance for professional development, or rather as a threat to stability of work. Self-employment may also be associated with a desire for professional independence and realising own ideas for business (in such cases, it often focuses on cooperation with contractors from the former USSR). It may be connected with work as a freelancer, or belief that work in a form of employment contract is hardly achievable.

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VPLYV EKONOMICKEJ RECESIE NA ŠTRUKTÚRNE ZMENY ZAMESTNANOSTI NA SLOVENSKU

75%

Morvay K.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

144-155

EN

This early appraisal of employment changes during recession deals with the role of self-employment and with the role of education level. The decline of employment during recession is far from an equable process. In the early stage of recession in Slovakia, along with downturn of employee number, the role of self-employment grew rapidly. This process was contradictory to tendencies in majority of EU countries. The impact of recession on labour force was diverse: the number of lower-educated employed persons fell substantially in the same time the number of tertiary educated employed persons grew (in spite of sharp GDP decline). This tendency was similar to employment restructuring in most EU countries, however in Slovakia it was more obvious. Both these tendencies are signs of creative destruction, but they are accompanied with serious risks for Slovak society.