Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

At the Crossroads of Views. Poland-Europe -Africa

100%

Stanislawska O.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

|

2007

|

tom 61

|

nr 3-4(278-279)

111

EN

In an introduction to a discussion about Joseph Conrad and colonialism, the authoress proposed a synthetic description of Polish encounters with Africa: from Beniowski. Szolc-Rogozinski, Sienkiewicz, Conrad, Czekanowski and Malinowski to Kapuscinski. She also recalled Poles taking photographs of Africa: starting with Jan Czekanowski, Kazimierz Zagórski and Witold Grzesiewicz, to Ryszard Kapuscinski and Chris Ledóchowski. 'The history of Poland compels her to oscillate between methods deployed by the colonialists and those of the colonised. This past is the reason why Polish encounters with exotic cultures were rarely devoid of intermediaries. The third link, a combination of a matchmaker and a duenna, were usually West European institutions. Conrad and Malinowski arrived from the peripheries and, as writers, were condemned to cosmopolitan European identity and a Polish cultural distance; they examined the world from positions which enabled them to apply encounters with the Other for creating new paradigms of ethnographic subjectivity and self-creation'.

2

VANITAS VANITATUM

100%

Mackiewicz W.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

|

2006

|

nr 43

71-80

EN

In the article the author argues that discrimination of many people and nation by European colonialism through some last centuries was the reason of innumerable crimes and sufferance all over the world. That process he compares with a great destructive wave of tsunami. Today we can observe the opposite and negative reaction to those injustice in the past, namely it is the process of coming back wave of tsunami. i.e. coming back wave of revenge. Its source is quite deep and complicated because of enlarged areas of the world poverty. To be more clear it is impossible to avoid that revenge unless rich countries decide to replace military and economic domination by immense help. Better make medical services, schools and agriculture in miserable countries than guns and rockets.

3

ANTON CHEKHOV ON SAKHALIN: THE RUSSIAN PENAL COLONY AND COLONIALISM

100%

Lis K.

Slavia Orientalis

|

2005

|

tom 54

|

nr 3

351-368

EN

Sakhalin (an island in the Pacific Ocean) was annexed to Russia in mid 19th century. Until 1850 Russian military posts and settlements were built all over the island. Sakhalin became an immense hard labour camp and a place of exile. The history of conquest and colonization of Sakhalin was well known to Anton Chekhov. The great writer and medical doctor set out in 1890 from Moscow across Siberia to the remote island, Sakhalin, to study life in the penal colony. His several months' expedition resulted in an unusual work - Sakhalin Island (1891-1894). By this book Chekhov entered Sakhalin into the dreariest annals of world penology, colonialism, and imperial policy. Two main threads interlace in Chekhov's observations and reflections: penal servitude (hard labour) and the colonization of the subdued country by the exiles. So far the book has not drawn appropriate attention of researchers of Chekhov's literary works. His diary of the expedition, letters and the book on Sakhalin testify that Chekhov - considered generally a non-political writer - was extremely interested in these problems. Because of censorship, many of his opinions could not be enclosed in the book, or the writer had to hide them in his seemingly chaotic narration, in which his own views are confronted with information and opinions of other travellers. They show Chekhov's critical attitude to Russian penal system and also to problems much more sensitive for the citizen of Russian Empire of expansion, exploitation and severe colonization of Asia, leading to physical and moral destruction of the aboriginal population of subdued lands. By no means was Chekhov a 'troubadour of Empire'.

4

CANADIAN COLONIALISM, IGNORANCE AND EDUCATION. A STUDY OF GRADUATING STUDENTS AT QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY

100%

Godlewska A. M. , Schaefli L. M. , Forcione M. , Lamb C. , Nelson E. , Talan B.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

|

2020

|

tom 11

|

nr 1

147 – 176

EN

Canada has long been a colonial country and an extractive economy. In the 20th century, with the adoption of multiculturalism and a global peace keeping mission, the country seemed to embrace a new ethos. However, Canada remains deeply colonial and, in spite of a judiciary that since the repatriation of the Constitution in 1982, increasingly recognizes Indigenous land, resource and identity rights, its economy continues to be extractive, with abiding impacts on the Indigenous peoples of Turtle Island (North America). Our study of the knowledge, ignorance and social attitudes of exiting undergraduate students at Queen’s University suggests that students in this part of Canada (Ontario) are educated to misunderstand the fundamental geographies of Indigenous peoples, their land, and their identity. But the contradiction between image and reality is beginning to attract the students’ attention and disrupt their sense of being part of a just society.

5

Joseph Conrad and the ' Darkness' of Central Africa - a Record of a Discussion

100%

Balandier G. , Coquery-Vidrovitch C. , Halen P. , M'Bokolo E. , Monod S. , Omasombo-Tschonda J.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

|

2007

|

tom 61

|

nr 3-4(278-279)

113-120

EN

The titular discussion was held in 2004 at the 'Maison des Sciences de l'Homme' in Paris as part of an international conference on 'The Construction of Perception: Poland -Europe - Africa'. Its topic was Joseph Conrad and his vision of Africa (i. a. the question of colonialism), contained primarily in 'The Outpost of Progress' and 'Heart of Darkness'.

6

FRONTIER ORIENTALISM AND THE STEREOTYPE FORMATION PROCESS IN GEORGIAN LITERATURE

100%

Jamagidze M.

World Literature Studies

|

2018

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

88 – 99

EN

Georgian identity and social consciousness have been formed in the context of political and cultural resistance to the Muslim world. Taking into account this difficult historical experience, the goal of the present paper is to analyse to what extent the characters of the Oriental Muslim community are reflected by the Georgian literary texts. It discusses whether their perception in literary texts is constrained by the frontier Orientalist stereotypes and the comparison between the perceptions of the Russian colonizer and the Eastern Muslim colonizer is given. The paper discusses these issues based on Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism and Andre Gingrich’s concept of frontier Orientalism. It shows that in Georgian literature, the relationship with the Muslim space is determined by the existential fear that has emerged as a result of historical experience. However, in the modern and contemporary period, there is evidence that such a frontier-Orientalist feeling towards the Muslim community is gradually weakening, but it is strengthening towards the Russian space.

7

CHALLENGES OF COLONIAL RULE IN WEST AFRICAN SAHEL – THE CASE OF FRENCH WEST AFRICA 1900 – 1930

88%

Trnovec S.

Asian and African Studies

|

2020

|

tom 29

|

nr 2

282 – 314

EN

Taking the example of French West Africa, this article addresses specific aspects of the current crisis in the West African Sahel from an historical perspective. Precisely, it focuses primarily on political challenges and some particular aspects of environmental threats in the first decades of the 20th century. Sixty years after their independence from France, the countries in the West African Sahel are considered world-wide as the states in permanent crisis. Their leaders have been accused of an inability to secure peace and stability for their people. This article argues that the study of the period when the Western Sahel was ruled by the French colonial administration may deepen our understanding of the issues important for this region today. Informed by current scholarship and the colonial reports from French West Africa, this article offers some thoughts on the various challenges that the colonial state faced in West African Sahel at the beginning of the 20th century.

8

CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE PROCESS OF ITS INCORPORATION INTO THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY TO THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY

75%

Shaukenov A.

Asian and African Studies

|

2013

|

tom 22

|

nr 2

279 – 301

EN

This article is devoted to studying changes that Kazakh society underwent in the political, legal and economic spheres in the process of its incorporation into the Russian Empire. This paper describes the peculiarities of the status of the khans’ power on the Kazakh steppe and the specificity of power relations in the society of the nomads. The author has tried to identify the causes of the loss of sovereignty of the Kazakh khanates from the second half of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century.

9

Racism and violence. The image of a colonised human in the eyes of Frantz Fanon and Enrique Dussel ..

75%

Kubiaczyk F.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

|

2012

|

nr 6

83-94

EN

Colonialism left a singular mark on the fates of the world. The condition of the societies inhabiting the former European colonies is a direct outcome of the contactEurope– the rest of the world, which, although setting out from commendable premises and lofty ideas (civilising the “savages”, Christianization, bringing aid), had a darker side as well. First and foremost, the latter encompasses two phenomena of power: racism and violence. The author of the article, through the analysis of the works of Frantz Fanon and Enrique Dussel demonstrates how the French and the Spaniards, in referring to both of these categories, attempted to build their colonial societies with all related consequences. Fanon, describing colonisation as a phenomenon of violence saw its core precisely in racism. The Martinique-born researcher demonstrates how the French claimed the right to represent indigenous cultures in its overseas colonies and departments, especially in theAntilles. In this context, the author of the article placed a particular emphasis on studying the phenomenon of two worlds – the white and the black one – as Fanon puts it. The matter in question are the mechanisms by means of which a white European created a black skinned person, causing the latter to desire to become a “new white” by renouncing their race. The author argues that the French, in colonising, as it were, “through the body”, induced a singular suspended intercultural state between the European and the native. In turn, the reference to the works of Dussel’s demonstrates that in 1492Americawas “covered” byEurope, which at the time was embodied by the Spaniards. Thus the whole project of colonisingAmericawas founded on the so-called myth of modernity, which made the victims (the pre-Columbian peoples) into the guilty ones, while the persecutors who proceeded with violence (the Spaniards) were innocent. The author analyses the arguments which in the opinion of the Argentinian-Mexican philosopher the Spaniards employed to describe and classify the New World (evangelization, the concept of America as the utopia of Europe, the concept of the just war etc. ) and which were largely nothing else than justification of the phenomenon of violence that the Europeans administered to the non-European cultures. In the conclusion, the author attempted a comparison of the Spanish and the French visions of colonisation, particularly in view of how the societies of Latin America and francophoneAfricacome to terms with their post-coloniality.

10

EXOGENOUS CULTURAL CHANGE IN THE BACKGROUND OF THE GENERATIONAL CHANGE: THE CASE FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA

75%

Soukup M. , Bláha J. D.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2019

|

tom 67

|

nr 2

216 – 230

EN

An analysis of cultural change and generation gaps in the local community of the Nungon ethnic group in the state of Papua New Guinea will be the subject of the study. This ethnic group came into contact with Europeans for the first time in the mid-1930s. The pace of cultural changes within the community has been gradually increasing. For example, the local animistic cult has been replaced with Christianity, school attendance has been introduced in the villages of Nungon, travel opportunities have become more accessible, and as the mobile signal has recently been introduced, Nungon residents can now connect to the internet and access information about the globalised world. Those who remember the colonial period still live in the community and many of them are still illiterate, with only limited knowledge of Pidgin English, the lingua franca of Papua New Guinea. On the other hand, the youngest generation can study in cities or experiment with social media and share information there. The aim of the paper is not only to show intergenerational differences, but also to document the local history and its ties to particular generations and show the role the generational memory played in illiterate societies with unwritten history. The only existing written and photographic documents were created by colonial officers. The study will show the transformation of the Nungon community from the time of photographs kept in boxes to the youngest generation, which keeps photographs in mobile phones and shares them on social media.

11

RETHINKING THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA

51%

Pawliková-Vilhanová V.

Asian and African Studies

|

2010

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

134-167

EN

The process of the up-country Islamic expansion, away from the Islamised towns situated on the long East African coast, began only in the nineteenth-century. Islam advanced slowly and gradually along a network of caravan routes through trading contacts with some African peoples, spread by ordinary adherents, Kiswahili-speaking merchants, who penetrated the interior of Eastern Africa in search for ivory and slaves. Economic and trading interests and activities played also a role in the spread of Islam at the southernmost tip of the African continent. Many slaves and political prisoners sent to the Cape during the period 1652 to 1795 were Muslims. Even though the idea of a comparison between Eastern and Southern Africa may arouse contradictory reactions among the Islam ś students, an attempt will be made at an appraisal of similarities and differences in the expansion of Islam, Islam's contribution to literacy, education and intellectual development.