Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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ACADEMIC INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAM IN COMMUNIST CZECHOSLOVAKIA: RUDOLF MACÚCH, KAREL PETRÁCEK AND IVAN HRBEK

100%

Piricky G.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 2

93-102

EN

The research of religions in former Eastern Bloc countries is often presented in terms of a loss of contact with the Western academic tradition and ideological bias. This paper attempts to show however that the study of Islam in individual countries was not homogenous. Islamic Studies in communist Czechoslovakia (1948-1989), although to a significant degreee limited by the ruling atheist ideology as reflected in Marxist- Leninist dogmatism, did not develop in isolation from Western scholarly debates. In fact, major works published in Slovak and Czech language by three respected Islamicists Rudolf M a c ú c h, Karel P e t r á c e k and Ivan H r b e k show clearly that Czechoslovak scholarship on Islam was to a wide extent connected with Western concepts, including the issues of methodology and the Orientalist discourse.

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Aktivizace jugoslávských informbyrovců v Československu v důsledku krize roku 1968

100%

Vojtechovsky O.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2007

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tom 32

149-165

EN

The Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in August 1968 brought out again the hopes of Yugoslav pro-Soviet emigrants in countries of the eastern bloc concerning the opening of the Yugoslav issue. Main proponents of the Prague Informbyro group were very critical to the development during the Prague Spring; hence they mostly welcomed the entering of the armies of the Warsaw Pact. The sudden worsening of Soviet-Yugoslav relations, the weakened international position of Yugoslavia and the internal crisis in that country did not rule out a similar solution as in Czechoslovakia. As a result, the core of activists of the Prague group together with the proponents of Informbyro in other countries of the socialist bloc directed their activities at the beginning of the 1970s towards the restoration of their political activities. The study attempts to map these activities and the opinions held by leading Yugoslav emigrants with the use of sources mainly from the archives of intelligence services.

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Novinářská a politická dráha Huberta Ripky do vyvrcholení mnichovské krize na počátku října 1938 a jeho odchodu do exilu

80%

Pavlat D.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2009

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tom 17

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nr 2

65-129

EN

Hubert Ripka (1895-1958) ranked among the most active democratically oriented journalists in the First Czechoslovak Republic. Follower of President T. G. Masaryk and close collaborator of Foreign Minister and later President Edvard Benes, he wrote for a wide range of democratic periodicals in support of the 'Castle Group' policy. He advocated the democratic principles and the international orientation of Czechoslovakia, seeking as much support as possible for the Little Entente alliance, particularly in connection with the growing threat from Nazi Germany. Of great importance were Ripka's personal contacts with German 'neo-activists' in the CSR, with opposition circles in Nazi Germany, as well as with French and British opponents of the appeasement policy. He strongly opposed the Munich Agreement; therefore, he left the country in October 1938 to join the Czechoslovak resistance movement abroad.

4

VISIT OF THE SLOVAK MILITARY DELEGATION TO ROMANIA (FEBRUARY - MARCH 1942) ON THE BACKGROUND OF ATTEMPTS TO RENEW THE LITTLE ENTENTE

80%

Baka I.

Vojenská história

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2022

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tom 26

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nr 1

56 - 78

EN

The author of the reviewed study deals with the reconstruction of the broader context and the course of the visit of the Slovak military delegation to Romania at the turn of February and March 1942. He points to the fact that a trilateral regional cooperation between Romania, Slovakia and Croatia began to form, from the summer of 1941, aimed at countering Hungarian revisionism and reclaiming the territories these states had lost to Hungary. However, its scope and forms were limited by their alliance with the Nazi Germany, which, among other things, led the three countries to outwardly refuse to associate their initiative with the idea of reviving the pre-war Little Entente. From this point of view, according to the author, the reciprocal visits of military delegations, taking place in February and March 1942, represented a culmination. However, the author’s main attention is paid to the visit of the Slovak military delegation led by General J. Turanec to Romania, taking place from the 28th February to the 6th March 1942, which was met with extraordinary attention both from the Romanian leadership and the Romanian press.

5

VOJENSKÉ VÝZVEDNÉ SPRAVODAJSTVO V ROKU 1946

80%

Medvecký M.

Vojenská história

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2019

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tom 23

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nr 3

66 - 91

EN

The study deals with the history of the 2nd Dept. of the General Headquarters (Military Intelligence) in 1946.The 2. Dept. of the General Headquarters underwent significant changes in 1946, with the resolute reduction of the number of employees becoming the most significant one. The study also provides more detail on the newly adopted directives concerning the work beyond the CSR borders, working with agency networks, building the network of conspiracy apartments or acquiring agency resources from persons about to leave the country or staying for a short term (Germans, Hungarians, Jews). The author pointed out to some representative cases from this period as well as the kind of findings the employees of the 2nd Dept. of the General Headquarters were interested in or comprising a significant part of the agenda.

6

Československý betatron

80%

Janovsky I.

DVT - Dějiny věd a techniky (History of Sciences and Technology)

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2007

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tom 40

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nr 2

103-118

EN

The first betatron accelerating electrons through magnetic induction was built by Donald Kerst at the University of Illinois in 1940. Czechoslovakia, as one of a few (about six) countries of the world, managed production of betatron, as early as the 1950s. The research and development activities started in the Accelerator Department of the Research Institute for Vacuum Electrotechnique, which was transformed into the Institute of Vacuum Electronics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1959 and renamed to the Institute of Plasma Physics in 1963. The first two experimental betatrons with the energies of 1.8 and 2.5 MeV were built in 1954 and 1955, respectively, and were followed by an industrial (defectoscopic) 15-MeV betatron in 1956. The latter was awarded a gold medal at the World Exhibition EXPO 58 in Brussels. Production of the first series of the betatron started in Laboratotni pristroje nat. corp. (Chotutice) in 1959. In the following years, the electron energy was increased to 17 MeV and later to 22 MeV. Since 1974, the industrial betatrons had been produced in the ZMA Ostrov in two variants: mobile and hanging. They were installed at the Skoda Works (Pilsen) and at other plants, and several instruments were exported. Development of the therapeutic betatron started in cooperation with the Chirana nat. corp. in 1960 and the first instrument was installed in a hospital in 1962. Since 1968, the therapeutic instruments had been produced in ZMA Ostrov. They operated at about 8 hospitals through the country and enabled radiation therapy to be carried out at energies of up to 19 MeV, both with the electron beam and X-rays.

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NÁRODNOSTNÍ OTÁZKA Z POHLEDU VÝVOJE MEZINÁRODNÍ OCHRANY NÁRODNOSTNÍCH MENŠIN

80%

Scheu H. C.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 4

-

EN

On the national level the Constitutional Act No. 144/1968 which regulated the status of nationalities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was certainly a unique legislative action in the field of minority rights. It guaranteed certain minority rights at least to four explicitly mentioned nationalities. The aim of this paper is to describe briefly the development of the protection of national minorities after World War II until the end of the 1960s from an international perspective. We believe that with a view to this context the specific national models may be better evaluated.

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Hospodářský význam Terstu pro Československo po druhé světové válce

80%

Klabjan B.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2008

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tom 94

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nr 2

221-230

EN

In the essay, the author explains economical collaboration between Trieste, which became a complicated international issue from the first post-war days, and the Czechoslovak Republic. The analysis reaches deeper, into the time when Trieste held (as early as Austria-Hungary) a significant position within the Czech society, mainly in economy. After World War I and the subsequent loss of natural grounds, the situation changed, but collaboration between the Italian Trieste and the First Republic continued. A detailed analysis, however, starts in 1945, when, after the war, Trieste became a symbol of cold war. In this distinctive Italian-Yugoslavian dispute, Czechoslovakia sided with Yugoslavia. Support arrived not only from the media, but from political diplomatic sides, too. However, the Western Allies, who administrated the newly established Free Trieste territory, decided to use the city port for their own purposes.

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APOŠTOLSKÁ NUNCIATURA V PRAZE V MEZIVÁLEČNÉM OBDOBÍ

80%

Šmíd M.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2013

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tom 17

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nr 2

80 – 92

EN

The study focuses on the changes in Apostolic Nunciature in Prague in the interwar Czechoslovakia. It is not only an approximation to the personalities of Holy See envoys, who held the position of apostolic nuncio in that time - Clemente Micara (1879 – 1965), Francesco Marmaggi (1870 – 1949), Pietro Ciriaci (1885 –1966) and Saverio Ritter (1884 – 1951) - while at the same time their agenda and activities in the Czechoslovak affairs. It strives to be a comprehensive survey, which deals with the current administration office, personnel, buildings or financial issues that were part of their everyday life in the background of the Church history in the First Republic (1918 – 1938). Taking into consideration that the Czech archives do not offer a sufficient basis for this probe, the study is primarily based on the research of the Vatican Secret Archives in Rome.

10

INTERNÁCIE Z JUŽNÉHO SLOVENSKA V ROKU 1919. DODATOK K CHARAKTERU DOBOVÉHO ČESKOSLOVENSKÉHO ŠTÁTU

80%

Simon A.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2020

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tom 68

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nr 2

271 – 290

EN

The study is devoted to the hitherto little reflected theme of internment in Slovakia in 1919. In the first part, the author describes the situation in southern Slovakia at the beginning of 1919 and the events from the declaration of the state to the end of March that led to the first wave of internment. He also presents the social composition of the people interned in Ilava and the conditions of their life in the camp there. The second part concentrates on internment in May and June, when about 2600 people were taken to Terezín (Theresienstadt). The author also considers the discussions in the public life of the time about conditions in the Terezín camp and about the fact of internment itself.

11

ZAZNÁVANÝ A NEPOZNANÝ CENZUS 1919 ČI LEN KURIOZITA?

80%

Tišliar P. , Šprocha B.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

253 – 274

EN

The paper is concerned with the extraordinary census of the population of Slovakia, carried out in 1919 with the aim of supporting the Czechoslovak peace delegation in Paris with data on the ethnic structure of the population. The study analyses selected parts of the preparation, course and publication of the data from this preliminary census with an emphasis mainly on the organizational aspect. In the conclusion, the authors attempt to outline the significance of the 1919 census as a historical source and evaluate the possibilities for its use.

12

PRÁVNÍ SYSTÉM ČSSR, MENŠINY A EXPERIMENTY S PRÁVEM V ŠEDESÁTÝCH LETECH

80%

Kuklík J. , Petráš R.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 4

-

EN

The study deals with the problem of legal framework of the socialist Czechoslovakia in the 1960 ́s and experiments in law regarding the position of national minorities. After 1960 all main branches of Czechoslovak law were re-codified and Czechoslovak law especially in Civil and Economic law breached all civil law traditions and introduced what was regarded as a socialist law. The experiments influenced also the position of national minorities.

13

VEŘEJNÁ SFÉRA A GENDEROVÁ ANALÝZA PO ÚNORU 1948: PŘÍSPĚVEK DO DISKUZE

80%

Nečasová D.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2014

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tom 18

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nr 1

62 – 75

EN

The study deals with possibilities of gender oriented research of the post-February Czechoslovakia. Theoretical and methodological parts are documented on the example of the public sphere in the period. The text is focused on three major lines of gender oriented research (horizontal, vertical and contextual). Dominantly, study presents the area of feminity and discourses of women as well as the Czech Lands. It is a contribution to discussion rather than a definite conclusion.

14

NA PRAHU MIERU. 2. ODDELENIE HLAVNÉHO ŠTÁBU V ROKU 1945

80%

Medvecký M.

Vojenská história

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2017

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tom 21

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nr 1

61 - 84

EN

In his study, the author analysed the as yet scarcely processed topic of the post-war renewal of one of the military intelligence units. The recovery conditions were complicated due to the specific historic reality following the end of the World War 2 and the consolidation of the spheres of influence of the victorious powers. The focus of the topic is incorporated into the gradually escalating fight for the political power in CSR. This has been negatively reflected in the process of building the military intelligence under the new conditions. The 2nd Department of the Headquarters (military intelligence) had the biggest problems. On the selected contemporary examples, the study is highlighting the broad range of issues in the recovery of the military intelligence and its functioning during early stages of the post-war CSR. A substantial part of the study is dedicated to the 2nd Department of the Headquarters, the focus of which in the period in question should have been similar as in the pre-Munich Republic. This means that it was focusing on obtaining, collecting and evaluating (analysing) the information important for state defence, unlike the military counterintelligence, which disposed of not only the intelligence service powers but also the powers of security authorities.

15

Nástup hraběte Jánose Esterházyho do čela maďarské Zemské křesťansko-socialistické strany v Československu na sklonku roku 1932

80%

Toth A.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2010

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tom 18

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nr 1

77-101

EN

The political life of Hungarian minority parties at the turn of the 1920s was marked by a generation conflict and a general crisis concerning their future political orientation. The first to accomplish a regeneration of its structures was the Provincial Christian-Socialist Party. The new political line of the Party was called for both by the politically engaged representatives of the younger generation of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia and by the new government team in Budapest. Within the regeneration process in the top Party structures Count Janos Esterhazy, a new face in the political arena of the Hungarian minority who was just 31 years old, was elected to the top position in the Party.

16

Vavro Šrobár a jeho podíl na vzniku agrární strany na Slovensku (1918–1922)

80%

Harna J.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2009

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tom 17

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nr 2

1-22

EN

Vavro Srobar entered politics as early as the turn of the 19th century hoping to contribute to an overall advancement of the Slovak nation oppressed in the Hungarian part of Austro-Hungary. He saw a solution to that situation in close contacts between Czechs and Slovaks; therefore, he supported the concept of one common 'Czechoslovak' nation. His political career culminated in the early period of existence of the Czechoslovak Republic. He was then a member of several governments of the new country. As a minister endowed with full administration powers over Slovakia he largely helped incorporate its territory into the Czechoslovak Republic. From the very beginning, however, his concepts were in conflict with those of Milan Hodza, another founder and leader of the Slovak agrarian movement. By 1921, both of them had succeeded in creating two organizations advocating the interests of Slovak peasants. In 1922, the two parties merged with the Agrarian Party, initially Czech, thus creating the nationwide Republican Party of Agrarians and Small Peasants, which was one of the main supports of the parliamentary democratic system in Czechoslovakia until the end of the First Republic.

17

ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ VÁLEČNÉ PLÁNY 1918 AŽ 1992 A JEJICH VÝVOJ

80%

Polnar S.

Vojenská história

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2021

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tom 25

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nr 2

44 - 76

EN

The published study analyses the development of Czechoslovak operation plans from the perspective of the existence of the joint state of Czechs and Slovaks as a whole. The author examines the operation documents of the French military mission in Czechoslovakia, the recruitment plans of the CS armed forces in the 1930’s, preparation of uprising within the London Ministry of National Defence, the sovietised military plans following the 1948 February events and finally the operational planning in the final federation era after 1989. On the one hand, he describes the differences of these diverse periods but on the other hand looks for the connections and common denominators in the work of military planners.

18

ZROD A PRVNÍ BOJE. ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ VOJENSKÉ LETECTVO 1918 – 1919

80%

Plavec M.

Vojenská história

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2018

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tom 22

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nr 3

142 - 161

EN

In his material study, the author deals with the history of origin of the CS military air force and the first fight of the CS aviators in the defence of borders of the newly formed state of the Czechs and Slovaks in 1918 – 1919. The author sums up the as yet unpublished information about the early days of the military air force, which were previously published in the scientific and popular works of domestic and foreign authors, also bringing new information obtained from studying the relevant archival in the Military Central Archive - Military Historical Archive Prague.

19

ROK 1989 – ČAS PRELOMU A TRANSFORMÁCIE V POĽSKU A V ČESKOSLOVENSKU

80%

Kobus A.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

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2012

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tom 5

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nr 2

63 – 75

EN

The paper presents a comparative study of the political and social situation in Central Europe in 1989, which exerted great influence upon Poland and Czechoslovakia, two neighbours and leaders in that part of Europe. The article describes the positions of their political elites as being very different from each other in the first half of 1989. In Poland, the party and government leadership was inclined to intensify the started reforms, while Czechoslovakia was mostly affected by a conservative public opinion. It was the social crisis triggered by the Velvet Revolution of November 1989 that changed the state of affairs and forced Czechoslovakia to join the bloc of states that entered upon the transformation process of their existing systems. The article also broaches the subject of anticommunist oppositional circles whose contacts and planes of discussion expanded as the year 1989 progressed. The final part of the article is devoted to the oppositionist Václav Havel’s accession to presidency in Czechoslovakia as well as to the drastic changes introduced into the constitution of the People‘s Republic of Poland, which helped to put the end to this political formation.

20

PRIBINOVE SLÁVNOSTI AKO PRIPOMIENKA CIRKEVNO-NÁRODNEJ VEĽKOMORAVSKEJ TRADÍCIE

80%

Arpáš R.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 4

655 – 674

EN

The 1930s was an extraordinarily complex period in Czechoslovakia. The economic crisis contributed to the new escalation of the nationality problem. The discontented regions also included Slovakia, where the people had reservations towards the ideology of the state “Czechoslovak nation”. A basic factor was also the conservative inclinations of the Slovak people and the associated influence of Christianity. The government endeavoured to use this in favour of Czechoslovak unity, since according to the knowledge of the time, 1933 would be the 1100th anniversary of the consecration of the first Christian church in the territory of Czechoslovakia. However, the defenders of Slovak national aspirations also attempted to use Prince Pribina’s historic act in their favour. The supporters of the two camps came into conflict on the main day of the so-called Pribina celebrations, and this influenced the later perception of the whole event. However, it was a distorted picture because the anniversary was celebrated over several months. Emphasis on the antiquity and cultural maturity of Slovakia predominated during most of the associated events.