Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Twarze i "twarzowość"

100%

Coates P.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2013

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nr 83-84

6-35

PL

Artykuł jest rozdziałem z książki Paula Coatesa "Screening the Face" (2012). Zbliżenie ludzkiej twarzy jest wystarczająco ważne, by uznać je za punkt wyjścia czy wstępne założenie dekretujące dialektykę modernistycznej fragmentaryzacji ciała i nostalgii za aurą pełni. Zbliżenie może być najbardziej dialektycznym chwytem filmowym, odzwierciedlającym zawieszenie filmu między fabułą a dokumentem. Zajmuje bowiem miejsce jednocześnie „w obrębie” opowieści, jak i „poza” nią, będąc bliskim są siadem fotosu. Zbliżenia wysuwają na plan pierwszy aktorów, a ich oczywistej promocji może towarzyszyć wzmożona rola reżyserskiej podmiotowości lub kontroli. Odnosząc się do koncepcji teoretycznych Béli Balázsa, Gilles’a Deleuze’a, Emmanuela Levinasa, Rolanda Barthes’a i Siegfrieda Kracauera, a także analizując funkcję twarzy i „twarzowości” w "Dekalogu" Krzysztofa Kieślowskiego (twarz tajemniczego „młodego mężczyzny”) oraz "Męczeństwie Joanny d’Arc" Carla Theodora Dreyera, Coates usiłuje zidentyfikować specjalną rolę twarzy w tłumie (Kieślowski) i dokumentu twarzy (Dreyer). Autor podejmuje również kwestię dokumentu i funkcji twarzy `stanowiącej niejako gwarancję prawdy. Tekst zamykają odniesienia Coatesa do koncepcji Sørena Kierkegaarda oraz do jego kategorii ludzkiego usposobienia, tego, co etyczne.

EN

The article is a chapter from the book Screening the Face (2012) by Paul Coates. The close-up of a human face is sufficiently important to figure as possibly cinema’s starting point, or default position, enacting a dialectic of modernist bodily fragmentation and nostalgia for the aura of wholeness. The close-up may incarnate film’s uspension between fiction and document, as it is situated both „inside” and „outside” narrative, a near neighbour to the still. It may actors and actresses, but in the same time its privileged status may accompany an intensified directorial subjectivity or control. Referring to the theories of Béla Balázs, Gilles Deleuze, Emmanuel Levinas, Roland Barthes, Siegfried Kracauer, and also analyzing the function of face and faciality in two case studies:Kieślowski’s The Decalogue (the face of mysterious „young man”) and The Passion of Joan of Arc by Carl Theodor Dreyer, Coates tries to find a special role of this face in the crowd (Kieślowski) and a documentary of faces (Dreyer). He also elaborates on the subject of documentary and face’s function as apparent guarantor of truth. Coates closes his essay with reference to the concepts of Søren Kierkegaard and to his category of a special human disposition, the ethical.

2

Ciało biologiczne vs. ciało ekranowe – dynamika napięć w kinie efektów specjalnych

100%

Stasieńko J.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2017

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nr 99 Triki, numery specjalne, atrakcje

143-160

PL

Kino trikowe od swoich początków pozwalało modyfikować i rozszerzać właściwości ludzkiego (jak również nie-ludzkiego) ciała pokazywanego na ekranie. To, co w końcowym obrazie filmowym stawało się ciałem nadludzkich herosów, hybrydą elementów ludzkich i nieludzkich, ciałem zwielokrotnionym, jak również ciałem okaleczonym, przekładało się w historii kina i w jego współczesnych praktykach cyfrowych także na budowę skomplikowanych techniczno-biologicznych aparatów, w których ciała aktorów i innych istot żywych biorących udział w realizacji dzieła filmowego były poddawane różnorodnym rekonfiguracjom, absorbcji elementów wirtualnych, a także swego rodzaju presjom i napięciom. Owe napięcia wymagały od ciał biologicznych i ich agentów przystosowywania się do aparatu, wypracowywania technik negocjacji, czasem wiązały się z różnorodnymi ograniczeniami, a nawet z cierpieniem. Dialektyka ciała ekranowego i biologicznego zostaje w artykule przedstawiona w perspektywie historycznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kina współczesnych efektów cyfrowych. Stasieńko omawia wybrane techniki realizacyjne, w których uwidacznia się dyskurs napięć między technologią a ciałem, np. wybrane formy protetyki filmowej i charakteryzacji, technologie unieruchamiające ciała aktorów, konkurencyjne modele budowania ciał ekranowych (wirtualne i biologiczne odpowiedniki).

EN

From its very beginnings trick cinema permitted the modifications of the human (and non-human) body and expand its range of properties. That which in the final film image became the body of superhuman heroes, the hybrid of human and inhuman elements, the multiplied body as well as the mutilated body, was in the cinema of the past and in its modern digital practice a construction of complex technical and biological apparatuses in which the bodies of actors and other living creatures taking part in the realization of the film were subjected to various reconfiguration, the absorption of virtual elements, and a kind of pressure and tension. These tensions required biological bodies and their agents to adapt to the camera, develop negotiation techniques, and sometimes involved a variety of constraints, and even suffering. The dialectic of the screen and biological body is presented in the article in the historical perspective, with particular focus on the cinema of modern digital effects. Stasieńko discusses selected imaging techniques that reveal the tension between technology and the body, such as selected prosthetics and characterization, actor immobilisation technologies, alternative models of creating the bodies on screen (virtual and biological equivalents).

3

A Present and a Non-Present Body-Experiencing the Body by Female Sex Workers in Commercial Sexual Relations

100%

Ślęzak I.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2018

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tom 14

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nr 2

30-50

EN

Making women’s bodies accessible to men in the commercial context is related to specific ways of experiencing it. The purpose of the article is to discuss the category of a non-present, selectively present, and present body, which refers to ways in which female sex workers experience their bodies during commercial sex acts. There will also be conditions listed that correspond to the occurrence of each of these categories. The article is based on qualitative data (mainly unstructured interviews), which were analyzed in accordance with the procedures of grounded theory methodology.

4

Starość kobiecego ciała jako metafora społeczno-polityczna w zapisie video Słoik zupy Serhija Bratkowa

88%

Zambrzycka M.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2017

|

tom 1

301-310

EN

The subject of this article is the image of an old female body in the video called Jar of soup (2004), created by a contemporary Ukrainian artist Serhiy Bratkov. It is a short video showing an old, lonely woman eating a beetroot soup from the jar. In this work, old age was presented primarily in the bodily dimension. Using the image of an old body, which is marginalized in official visuality, the artist raises a number of issues important both for Ukrainian society and for the overall reflection on the problem of old age and women aging. I see the work of Bratkov primarily in the Ukrainian context: as a bitter reflection on the attitude to old age in the post-Soviet society and as a comment to the symbols of femininity established in the Ukrainian culture, closely related to national ideas.

5

Body on the Plate. On the Relation between the Carnality and Food (on the example of meat in advertising)

88%

Goszczyński W. , Wójtewicz A.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2018

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tom 14

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nr 2

130-151

EN

Do we own our bodies? Do we control them during the meal, or does the meal control us? In this paper, we aim to examine the complex nexus of social and physical practices embedded in eating habits. During the examination of selected culinary advertisements, we will attempt to explain how food stabilizes, catalyzes, separates, and mediates social relations, as well as social and individual bodies. The paper merges the perspective of cultural anthropology, sociology of the body, and food studies.

6

The Theater Plays the Body. Replication of the Canon of Beauty among Young Actresses in the Theater

88%

Dwojnych A. , Kuczkowska-Golińska K.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2018

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tom 14

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nr 2

78-94

EN

The article presents the results of our independent qualitative research conducted in Polish theater circles. In-depth interviews have been conducted with fourth-year female students of acting faculties from four state theater schools and with lecturers working at these faculties. The aim of the study was to answer the question whether the theater has currently become a place where bodily images are being standardized and beauty canons reproduced. The research material gathered allows for the formulation of the following conclusions: 1) studying at a theater school significantly impacts the perception of one’s own body, 2) there is a widespread belief among the students concerning the importance of the body (and the beauty thereof) in the profession of an actor, which results in subjecting the body to some regimes, often destructive ones, 3) the pressure to have a perfect body is so strongly internalized in the theater circles that it becomes imperceptible to those who yield under this pressure.

7

„Społeczeństwo jako ciało jest pęknięte”. Zabiegi stylizacyjne w dialogach Małgorzaty Szumowskiej i Michała Englerta na przykładzie filmów Body/Ciało i Twarz

75%

Miławska-Ratajczak M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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tom 28

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nr 2

299-317

EN

The aim of this article is to present an overview of the stylistic measures identifiable in the dialogues of two films whose screenplays were written by Małgorzata Szumowska and Michał Englert – Body (2015) and Mug (2017). The analysis of linguistic and stylistic means has been organised into three categories that can be used to describe the work of this script-writing duo (in line with Adam Kruk’s critical proposition): deliberate schematicity, social hearing (as a metaphor for social sensitivity) and mockery. In the linguistic layer of these films, schematicity comes to the fore through the accumulation of homogeneous linguistic means (especially from the emotional register of colloquial Polish) and contrasting juxtapositions of various social variants of the language. The social hearing of Szumowska and Englert is revealed especially through the presence of linguistic templates, and mockery – in the linguistic joke and in the openly mocking statements of some of the characters. The analysis shows that the dialogues are another testimony to the stylish separateness of Szumowska and Englert and one of the ways to portray Poland as full of internal divisions.

8

Subjectivity and Embodiment of the Event of Appearing

75%

Novotný K.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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nr 3

169-181

EN

The question of the subjective and embodied character of appearing that was an im-portant issue particularly in post-Husserlian phenomenology is posed in different ways and contexts by Edmund Husserl. One can see how—even according to the Ideas Per-taining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. The second book. Phenomenological Investigations of Constitution subjectivity was not grounded in the acts of the I that it lent the body its subjective character—thanks to the originally egoic character of its own experiences my body also can be my own. In the paper this position is confronted with a deeper foundation of subjectivity than the I of acts. Husserl also sees in deeper levels of lived experience an immediate, non-intentional self-immersion in one’s own experiences. The question that we would like to outline here is: in what sense this self-experience is necessarily bodily, what is the mutual relationship between subjectivity and bodiliness in the later Husserl’s works in respect to his con-ception of phenomenality.

9

Body, Meanings, and Physical Exercise in Older Adults: The Qualitative Perspective of Frequent Gym-Goers

75%

Sossa Rojas A.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2022

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tom 18

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nr 3

106-124

EN

It is known that rates of participation in sports and physical activities among older adults decrease as they get older. This article focuses on the experience of the aging body at the gym, and it is one of the few that focuses on a little-studied group of frequent gym-goers. Based on an ethnographic work of more than two years in Amsterdam, I explain the goals of three older adults who frequently work out, what their relationships with the gym and their bodies are, and why they are interested in training in gyms. This article seeks to contribute to discourses on health, sport, and aging and, at the same time, to explain some of the advantages of qualitative studies in understanding the experience of aging and training in gyms.

10

Trestní právo v hebrejské Bibli

75%

Kašný J.

Studia theologica

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2016

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tom 2

1-21

EN

The article examines laws on crime in the Hebrew Bible. It admits that the Hebrew Bible does not contain any systematic treatise on crime or any criminal code. However, it is possible to identify in the Biblical text wrongful acts as offences against JHWH, against superiors, against life, body and liberty and offences against others within the context of family relations. The offences not only harm the victim but also violate justice and disturb order and predictability in society. Therefore, the penalties are aimed especially at eradicating the wrongful acts from the community of Israel.

11

Body, Beauty, and Death in an Andean Context: A Self-Ethnographic Narration

75%

Segovia J. S.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2020

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tom 16

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nr 3

86-105

EN

With this article I seek to build bridges between the different narrative elements where the body is situated as a central language, of experiences as a researcher in socio-cultural contexts of Bolivian indigenous peoples in the years 1984 and 1998. In this biographical period I have lived different reflective processes, frustrations, and successes that can contribute to an understanding of the framework of gender, ethnic, and political relations. This text, auto-ethnographic, enables us to see the deconstruction and subjective transformations in an androcentric context of a traditional Andean culture, as well as the investigative awareness achieved during interactions in the field. In my field work I have used tools from different disciplines (anthropology, sociology, social psychology), that are useful for validating the autoethnography as a methodological model to the gender autonomy, listening and learning the different ways of understanding corporal discourses. That is, I wish to recognize the value of various types of production and interpretation of knowledge, such as narration, arts, literature, film, and photography that favors emancipation of the peoples and their inhabitants.

12

The Role of Sport in the Process of Negotiating Identity: Dealing with the Stigma of Disability by People with Acquired Bodily Dysfunctions

75%

Niedbalski J.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2020

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tom 16

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nr 4

180-197

EN

This paper is intended to present the role of sport in the lives of people with physical disabilities and to determine how practicing sports changes the way a person with a physical disability sees themselves. The paper reflects the experiences of people who started practicing sports, which allowed them to adopt an alternative perspective of their bodies and thus pushed them to negotiate their identities. Using the concept of Goffmanian stigma, I point to the sports activities’ usefulness in understanding the management of stigma by those dealing with a physical disability. Taking into account the above theoretical references, in the research, which constitutes a foundation of this paper, I refer to the subjective perspectives of the researched individuals, rendering their points of view, and, based on that, construct and offer theoretical generalizations. Therefore, the research materials employed in this study are constituted by the personal experiences of people with physical disabilities who practice sports. All data have been gathered by conducting unstructured interviews with such people. The research materials were analyzed and interpreted following the procedures of grounded theory methodology.

13

Body and Social Interaction-The Case of Dance. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

75%

Byczkowska-Owczarek D.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2020

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tom 16

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nr 4

164-179

EN

The article aims at presenting the symbolic interactionism as a useful and flexible theoretical perspective in research on the human body. It shows the assumptions of symbolic interactionism in their relation to the human body, as well as explains how basic notions of this theoretical perspective are embodied-the self, social role, identity, acting, interacting. I depict the unobvious presence of the body in the classical works of George H. Mead, Anselm Strauss, Howard Becker, Erving Goffman, and in more recent ones, such as Bryan Turner, Ken Plummer, and Loïc Wacquant. I also describe the Polish contribution to the field, including research on disability, hand transplant, the identity of a disabled person, together with the influence of sport, prostitution as work, yoga, climbing, relationships between animals and humans based on gestures and bodily conduct, the socialization of young actors and actresses, non-heteronormative motherhood, and the socialization of children in sport and dance. In a case study based on the research on ballroom dancers, I show how to relate the theoretical requirements of symbolic interactionism with real human “flesh and bones.” I depict three ways of perceiving own bodies by dancers: a material, a tool, a partner; and, two processes their bodies are subjected to: sharpening and polishing a tool. I draw the link between the processual character of the body, of the symbolic interactionist theoretical perspective, and process-focused grounded theory methodology.

14

Cielesność w tradycji shingon, japońskiej szkoły buddyzmu ezoterycznego

75%

Kozyra A.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2017

|

nr 3-4 (263-264)

401-413

EN

In Buddhist teachings, a human body is often regarded as an obstacle in religious practice, due to the fact that bodily passions are a source of attachment to worldliness. Buddha taught that there is no separate, unchanging self and therefore the experience of a ‘no-self’ state is a necessary condition for attaining Enlightenment. No-attachment to the self was often understood as no-attachment to one’s body and as a readiness to sacrifice one’s life. Many Japanese Buddhists have propagated a negative image of the human body, as can be testified by Ōjōyōshū (The Essentials of Rebirth in Pure Land), a treatise written by a Tendai monk, Genshin (942-1017). Under the influence of Blood Bowl Sutra (Jpn. Ketsubonkyō; Chin. Xuepanjing), the female body was perceived as especially impure, as it is polluted by menstrual or childbirth blood. In this article the author tries to answer the question, why in Shingon, contrary to other Japanese Buddhists sects, is a human body not treated as an obstacle in religious practice. The key term ‘the mystery of the body’ (Jpn. Shinmitsu) was explained in the context of the theory of ‘attaining Enlightenment in this very existence’ (Jpn. Sokushin jōbutsu). Special attention was directed at the possibility of the transformation of bodily passions into a desire for Enlightenment during religious practice.

15

Pozycja człowieka w przyrodzie – osobliwe zwierzę

75%

Kieliszek Z.

Studia Warmińskie

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2011

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nr 48

23-50

EN

The question: who is the man? seems to be the very important philosophical problem. This question focuses many different problems of the philosophy. Recently we have another form of this question: is the man only an animal? The development and results of the biology lead us to the statement – the man is the only one of many elements of the nature, wholly connected with the world. The analysis of the human way of being presents us, that the man is really the part of the nature, but he has the special status in the world. On the one hand he has many features with dead and living nature, especially with the apes. On the other hand the man has the certain attributes and abilities, which have no equivalent in the world of plants and animals. We can say the man belongs to the nature and he steps over it. He is a very peculiar species because he can control his animal nature.

16

“Legless Aphrodite” and “Hercules in a wheelchair”—About Disabled Women and Disabled Men Practicing Sport

63%

Niedbalski J.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2016

|

tom 12

|

nr 4

144-159

EN

Sport is one of the areas of social life where patterns of femininity and masculinity are defined. The body plays a basic role there, and competition almost always takes place with division into the sexes. Therefore, in the article I will raise the notions related to the non-standard bodies of a sportsman presented in the social space, with consideration of the division into the sexes. The sport body is a subject of interest as a product of socio-cultural practices. Hence, special attention is paid to the creation of particular categories and the relationships between them. The article raises the notions of changes that take place in the life of a physically disabled person which are caused by their engagement in a sports activity. The text is devoted to the problems of experiencing one’s corporeality, with division into the female and male body, and it serves to expose the similarities and differences of the sexes in sport for the disabled. Qualitative data are used in the research, collected through the technique of in-depth free interviews and observations conducted among the disabled who practice sports. Analysis and interpretation of the research material is performed in accordance with procedures of grounded theory.

PL

Sport jest jednym z tych obszarów życia społecznego, w którym definiowane są wzorce kobiecości i męskości. Ciało odgrywa w nim podstawową rolę, a rywalizacja odbywa się prawie zawsze z podziałem na płeć. W związku z tym w niniejszym artykule podejmuję kwestie związane z obecnością w społecznej przestrzeni nienormatywnego ciała sportowca z uwzględnieniem podziału na płeć. Przy czym ciało usportowione interesuje mnie tutaj jako przedmiot i wytwór społeczno-kulturowych praktyk. Dlatego szczególną uwagę zwracam na tworzenie określonych kategorii oraz relacji między nimi. Artykuł porusza zatem kwestie przemian dokonujących się w życiu osoby niepełnosprawnej fizycznie, które powodowane są jej zaangażowaniem w aktywność sportową. Tekst jest poświęcony problematyce doświadczania własnej cielesności, z podziałem na ciało kobiece i ciało męskie, i ma służyć wyeksponowaniu podobieństw oraz różnic sytuacji płci w sporcie osób niepełnosprawnych. W badaniach wykorzystane zostały dane jakościowe zdobyte za pomocą techniki pogłębionego wywiadu swobodnego, przeprowadzanego wśród osób niepełnosprawnych uprawiających sport. Analiza i interpretacja materiału badawczego prowadzone są zgodnie z procedurami metodologii teorii ugruntowanej.

17

Sensations of Dysphoria in the Encounter of Failing Bodies: The Cases of Karaoke by Donigan Cumming, Last Days by Gus Van Sant, and Drunk by Gillian Wearing

63%

Tremblay É.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies

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2013

|

tom 7

|

nr 1

127-139

EN

The essay examines films and video installations that present the figures of suffering bodies and trigger strong dysphoric sensations through empathy: Karaoke (1998) by Donigan Cumming, Last Days (2005) by Gus Van Sant, and Drunk (2000) by Gillian Wearing. In addition to strong pathemic strategies that intensify the reception of the image, these artworks also contain counter-pathemic elements that distance the viewer from pathos. These long, moving, close examinations of pathemic physical states not only project the viewer into a frozen, insistent, and fascinated gaze at the suffering body and place him or her in a mirrored passive position but also offer an opportunity to move from sensation to sentiment, and then to sensitivity toward and experience of various stages of the empathetic response.

18

Poňatie ľudského tela a telesnosti podľa Claude Tresmontanta

63%

Genčůrová G. , Juhás V.

Studia theologica

|

2021

|

tom 1

1-29

EN

Tresmontant has never explicitly dealt with the interpretation of the concepts of body and corporeality in his work. He was, however, very interested in the philosophy of creation and the biblical interpretations. In this work we systematically organized his anthropological thoughts and present them as a logically organized framework that characterizes his perception of body and flesh as anthropological categories. Despite the fact that Tresmontant based his arguments on the classical metaphysical and biblical interpretation of various texts, we suggest that they still represent a comprehensive modern theological anthropology.

19

Philosophical Problems with Disembodied Existence and Survival of Death

63%

Salamon J.

Forum Philosophicum

|

2006

|

tom 11

81-94

EN

The article discusses the philosophical problems associated with the dualistic conception of the person dominant in traditions influenced by Platonism. The key suggestion made in the article is that opting for an embodied rather than a disembodied posthumous existence for the human person will in no way hinder the theistic philosopher when it comes to arguing that God (and/or other spiritual beings) exists in a disembodied form.

20

Nudity, Sexuality, Photography. Visual Redefinition of the Body

63%

Ferenc T.

Qualitative Sociology Review

|

2018

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

96-114

EN

The article examines the relations between photography, body, nudity, and sexuality. It presents changing relations of photography with a naked or semi-naked body and different forms and recording conventions. From the mid-19th century the naked body became the subject of scientifically grounded photographic explorations, an allegorical motif referring to painting traditions, an object of interest and excitement for the newly-developed “touristic” perspective. These three main ways in which photographs depicting nudity were being taken at that time shaped three visual modes: artistic-documentary, ethnographic-travelling, and scientific-medical. It has deep cultural consequences, including those in the ways of shaping the notions of the corporeal and the sexual. Collaterally, one more, probably prevalent in numbers, kind of photographical images arose: pornographic. In the middle of the 19th century, the repertoire of pornographic pictures was already very wide, and soon it become one of the photographic pillars of visual imagination of the modern society, appealing to private and professional use of photography, popular culture, advertisement, art. The number of erotic and pornographic pictures rose hand over fist with the development of digital photography. Access to pornographic data is easy, fast, and cheap, thanks to the Internet, as it never was before. Photography has fuelled pornography, laying foundations for a massive and lucrative business, employing a huge group of professional sex workers. How all those processes affected our imagination and real practices, what does the staggering number of erotic photography denote? One possible answer comes from Michel Foucault who suggests that our civilization does not have any ars erotica, but only scientia sexualis. Creating sexual discourse became an obsession of our civilization, and its main pleasure is the pleasure of analysis and a constant production of truth about sex. Maybe today the main pleasure is about watching technically registered images, and perhaps that is why we may consider visual redefinition of the body as the main social effect of the invention of the photography.