Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Merger Control in Georgia – national legislation and case law review

100%

Menabdishvili S.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2016

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tom 9(14)

181-194

EN

Georgia has amended its Law on Competition in 2014 in order to fulfil its obligations set out by the Association Agreement with the European Union. Despite further approximations of its laws with those of the EU, some serious flaws remain. Merging parties are obliged to submit a prior notification to the Competition Agency of Georgia if their total turnover exceeds 20 million Georgian lari (GEL) or if the value of their assets exceeds 10 million GEL (7,692,307 EUR). One of the most interesting aspects of the Georgian merger control system rests in what the Competition Agency is authorised to do in case of a failure to fulfil the notification duty. This paper will discuss Georgian rules on concentrations as well as two of its recent merger cases.

FR

La Géorgie a modifié sa loi sur la concurrence en 2014 afin de remplir ses obligations imposées par l’Accord d’association avec l’Union européenne. Malgré des rapprochements de la loi géorgienne avec la loi de l’Union européenne certains défauts persistent. Les parties de la concentration sont obligées de notifier l’Autorité de la concurrence géorgienne si leur chiffre d'affaires total dépasse 20 millions de lari géorgien (GEL) ou si la valeur de leurs actifs dépasse 10 millions de GEL (7.692.307 EUR). L'un des aspects les plus intéressants du système géorgien de contrôle des concentrations concerne les compétences de l’Autorité de la concurrence en cas de la violation de l’obligation de notification par l’entreprise. Cet article va analyser les règles de la loi géorgienne concernant les concentrations, ainsi que les deux affaires de concentration récentes.

2

Natura konkurowania

100%

Marczak M.

Problemy Jakości

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2003

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tom R. 35, nr 3

29-35

PL

Perspektywa nieodległej akcesji do Unii Europejskiej skłania do głębszej refleksji nad zagadnieniem konkurowania. Rozważono różne ujęcia konkurowania oraz zjawiska występujące na współczesnych rynkach.

3

Przewaga konkurencyjna organizacji działającej w burzliwym otoczeniu

80%

Skowron S. , Dziwulski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2004

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tom z. 24

69-75

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę opisania pola konkurencyjnego i kluczowych procesów oddziałujących na nie. Ponadto przedstawiono kapitał intelektualny, który jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników kreujących przewagę na rynku. W końcowej części pokazano opcje strategiczne bazujące na kapitale i otoczeniu.

EN

The test description of competitive field and key processes in article was undertaken on it. It moreover intellectual capital was introduced, which is one of the most important creating on market superiority factors. Strategic basing on capital and surroundings options in final part were showed.

4

Status Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów w systemie organów państwa

80%

Kozik W.

Przegląd Prawa Publicznego

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2013

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nr 7-8

119-129

EN

Article concerns the question of the legal status of the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, which is related to the issues associated with the central government administration authorities. There are ongoing new lines of research taking into account the purpose of the public administration, also in terms of competition and consumer protection. Discussed in the article, issues related to the status of the President of the OCCP on its competence, duties, legal forms of action, the appointment and dismissal, as well as the President of the OCCP in the structure of government administration.

5

Quelques réflexions sur l’amitié sur l’exemple de „Becket ou l’honneur de Dieu” de Jean Anouilh

80%

Kucharuk S.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2017

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tom 64

97-106

EN

The above work is a conjecture on a new interpretation of the complicated friendship between Henry II, King of England, and Thomas Becket, saint martyr, as characters in Jean Anouilh’s play Becket or The Honour of God. They have little in common, and it seems that everything divides them. An analysis of this opus is used as a starting point to a general reflection on the influence of external factors such as social status and political framework, as well as internal factors such as personality traits, value system, and propriety on particular stages of friendship. The analysis is also an attempt at defining the concept of friendship presented in the play.

6

Logistics in Shaping the Comptetitve Edge of Enterprises

80%

Mindur M. , Jezierski A.

Logistics and Transport

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2018

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tom 40

67-72

EN

Logistics is today one of the decisive advantages in competition on the markets. Companies and entire supply chains compete more and more often. Logistics, which has ceased to be treated as a set of methods useful for solving operational problems, has gained strategic importance. This study presents the logistics area as a factor in the competitiveness of enterprises against the background of two main trends of competition research, i.e. a trend dealing with two key issues for the economy, namely the general characteristics of the market, i.e. its structure, development, functioning, the situation prevailing on it and the strategic behaviour of enterprises, and the second trend, included in theories referring to the role of the state in a market economy.

7

Investigating dilemmas in teaching: towards a new form of pedagogical scholarship

80%

Lefstein A. , Israeli M. , Pollak I. , Bozo-Schwartz M.

Studia paedagogica

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2013

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nr 4

9-36

EN

This article investigates five dilemmas that emerge from analysis of a brief episode of classroom practice: issues concerning the design and management of the classroom discussion, the use of drama in teaching, teacher handling of pupil disturbances, and the advantages and drawbacks of competition. We argue that such dilemma-driven analysis is missing from current pedagogical scholarship, in which analyses tend to be theory-driven and narrower in their scope. Our aims are to (a) do justice to the richness and complexity of classroom activity and the work of teaching; (b) illustrate a means of working with representations of practice that is likely to facilitate the development of teacher professional judgment; and (c) uncover some of the central dilemmas experienced by Israeli primary teachers. The data are drawn from a sixth grade Hebrew language lesson in an Israeli state primary school.

8

Koncepcja pomiaru konkurencyjności portów morskich

80%

Dąbrowski J.

Współczesna Gospodarka

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2010

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tom 1

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nr 1

57-67

EN

Competitiveness research has become an important tool in the politics of the seaport authorities and specific port operators. Measuring the position and competing ability is important and the first step to determine the strengths and weaknesses of a seaport, as well as the opportunities and threats concerning its competitors. The aim of this article is to present the concept of seaport competitiveness measurement. Specificity of seaports competitiveness was discussed, the requirements of the method were formulated and then the method of measurement was described.

9

Polityka podatkowa w Europie Środowo - Wschodniej - konkurować czy harmonizować?

80%

Piątkowski M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2010

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tom 237

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nr 1-2

51-66

EN

The paper analyzes the potential benefits of unifying corporate income tax (CIT) in the new member states of the European Union in Central and Eastern Europe (EU10). An analysis based on a review of research reports and the author’s own research shows that equalizing CIT rates across the EU27 could harm EU10 countries, according to Piątkowski. On the other hand, unifying nominal and effective CIT rates in the EU10 at a lower level than in Western Europe-for example in the form of a minimum CIT rate-could produce considerable benefits, especially in the current stage of overcoming the global crisis by countries such as Poland, which aspire to quickly meet the Maastricht fiscal convergence criteria and enter the euro zone. In addition to the direct benefits of tax unification, for example in the form of higher tax revenues, indirect benefits could be generated by shifting international competition from tax policy to the quality of institutions, infrastructure and human capital, Piątkowski says. Reforms in these areas could considerably spur economic growth in the region.

10

Competition in the Polish Banking Sector

80%

Pawłowska M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2010

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tom 240

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nr 5-6

91-119

EN

The paper aims to assess changes in the level of competition in Poland’s banking sector in 1997-2007. Competition between banks is one of the most important factors behind the stability of the financial sector through its influence on the profitability of banks, access to external funding, and the country’s economic development as a whole. In this paper, the Panzar and Rosse model was applied to assess the level of competition in the banking sector. The results of the analysis of the Polish banking sector show that between 1997 and 2007 commercial banks operated under monopolistic competition. The degree of competition in the Polish banking sector is close to that in euro-area banking sectors (which is reflected by the values of the Panzar and Rosse measures). This applies to both corporate and retail banking. The main driving factor behind competition in the Polish banking sector was the country’s entry into the European Union. The same channels, i.e. consolidation and financial deregulation, that were observed in the EU at the time of adopting the euro influenced competition between banks in the Polish banking sector at the time of EU entry. This was mainly due to foreign capital from the euro area.

11

Economic security of an industrial enterprise in competitive conditions

80%

Revko A. , Tulchynska S. , Tkachenko T.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

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2021

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tom 5

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nr 1

76-84

EN

The research is devoted to the issues of ensuring economic security of in- dustrial enterprises in competitive conditions. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic approach that provides a holistic and functional vision of economic security of industrial enterprises in a competitive environment. It was found that the economic security of an industrial enterprise is a multifaceted, multi-vector concept, according to which the main emphasis is on the efficiency of all types of resources in the process of ensuring competitiveness of the industrial enterprise. The requirements for the functioning of economic security of an industrial enterprise are highlighted. The authors prove the necessity of observance of requirements on the maintenance of economic safety at the industrial enterprise in the conditions of competition, includ- ing: formation of system strategic measures concerning components of economic safety of the enterprise, development of industrial enterprise policies to create competitive advantages, use of information tools and digital technologies to monitor the risks and threats of an enterprise, etc.

12

Zasoby przedsiębiorstwa w teorii ekonomii

80%

Kunasz M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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tom 211

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nr 10

33-48

EN

The article examines the traditional body of knowledge about enterprise resources and presents contemporary approaches to this issue. The author uses ample theoretical material and describes historic views on enterprise resources as expressed by economists such as Petty, Smith, Ricardo, Say, Marx, Marshall, the Austrian Subjectivists, Schumpeter and Penrose. Their achievements laid the groundwork for contemporary research. The author focuses on the ways in which enterprises build their competitive advantages. He also presents contemporary approaches and resource classification systems, with special attention paid to non-material resource classification, including the resource theory and the intellectual capital theory (pioneering and post-pioneering models). The analysis shows that non-material resources and intellectual capital are increasingly important to enterprises as they seek to gain a competitive advantage. This marks a change from previous approaches to the problem of building a competitive advantage. However, the contemporary method of defining enterprise resources is rooted in the historic development of economic knowledge. It is the legacy of many well-known authors, from classical economists onward. Their achievements were an inspiration for contemporary economists.

13

Rewolucja technologiczna a konkurencja w sektorze finansowym

80%

Harasim J.

Studia BAS

|

2020

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nr 3(63)

43-59

EN

The rapid development of modern technology and the increasing number of FinTechs can bring new competition challenges to incumbents. First, the author identifies the most important technologies implemented in the financial sector, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, APIs, cloud computing, mobile technology and DLT. Next, she analyses BigTechs’ customer-centric platform-based business model and its impact on competition in the financial sector. The expansion of BigTechs into finance should lower the barriers to entry by reducing information and transaction costs, and thereby enhance financial inclusion. However, the long-term impact could be negative as BigTechs can exploit their market power to increase user switching costs and/or to exclude potential competitors. The impact of smaller FinTechs on competition seems to be more beneficial as they rather collaborate than compete with incumbents (especially with banks) while bank – FinTech alliances aim at improving the prospects and the market value of both FinTechs and banks.

14

Metodyka poszukiwania nisz rynkowych

80%

Wolniak R.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2000

|

tom z. 1

185-196

PL

Artykuł przedstawia metodę pozwalającą przedsiębiorstwom na znalezienie nisz rynkowych wolnych od konkurentów. W wielu sytuacjach, szczególnie wtedy, gdy rynek jest stary lub wolno rosnący prezentowana metoda może okazać się znacznie skuteczniejsza od bezpośredniej konkurencji. W podobnej sytuacji kluczową sprawą jest wykreowanie produktu jak najlepiej dostosowanego do potrzeb klientów.

EN

The article presents a method, which allows a company to find a market space free from competition. In many situations (when the market is old or is growing slowly) this method can be a better one than competing head to head. In such a situation the key to solve this problem is to create a product best adjusted to customers' demands, expectations and needs.

15

Zmiany w systemie zarządzania - szansą rozwoju górnictwa

80%

Przybyła H.

Wiadomości Górnicze

|

2012

|

tom R. 63, nr 10

607--611

PL

Zarządzający przedsiębiorstwem mają świadomość, że na sukcesy przedsiębiorstwa, bądź ich porażki, pracują ludzie zatrudnieni w tym przedsiębiorstwie, a wiedza, doświadczenie i intuicja stanową najważniejsze kapitał, którym należy zarządzać. Wzrost globalizacji i narastająca konkurencja jako konsekwencja tejże globalizacji (16 min ton węgla importowanego na rynku krajowym) stawiają coraz wyższe wymagania względem zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem górniczym. W artykule zaproponowano pewne zmiany w systemie zarządzania.

EN

Those managing a company are aware that people employed in this company are all working for the success of a company, or its failure, and the knowledge, experience and intuition constitute the most important asset that must be managed. The expansion of globalization and growing competition as a consequence of that globalization (16 million tonnes of imported coal on the domestic market) present ever-increasing demand with regard to the management of the mining company. The article proposes some changes in the management system.

16

Obsadzanie stanowisk prokuratorskich w drodze konkursu w trybie art. 14b ustawy o prokuraturze

80%

Myrna B.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2013

|

tom 29

291 - 304

EN

The article focuses on Article 14 b of the Prosecution Service Act concerning the filling of new or released prosecutor posts. Professional promotion under this regulation, which provides for a de facto competition-based procedure, is definitely different from the existing recruitment rules in the prosecution service. This applies particularly to the repealed Article 59(2) of the said Act which provided for the so-called merit-based promotion, previously criticised in the literature.

17

The anti-competitive agreements in the prospective of the law on competition protection - An inside in the Albanian practices and legal framework

80%

Konomi Perolla R. , Peto Z.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

|

2015

|

nr 12

59-72

EN

In Albania legislation on competition was developed only after the 90s and this is natural depending on the economic development and market model, which before the 90s had spaces of a free and competitive development. Competition is an economic phenomenon that refers to such a state of a free market economy, where companies compete independently in order to benefit as many buyers so as to meet the objectives to increase profits and expansion of markets. In this way free competition is both beneficial for business development and profitable for consumers themselves, who should benefit from the prices set based on the demand–offer ratio. Competition should be perceived as a necessary mechanism that promotes increase of welfare in general, by providing enterprises with greater opportunities for profit and therefore better quality for consumers, a major benefit in the range of choices lower prices. Encouraged by the existence of competition, enterprises as market players should be motivated to be always on the alert and perhaps in uncertainty in order to be as much active in the way they compete with their competitors by providing investments and aggressive strategies as a reply to their, but also potential rivals. In competitive markets, the companies are motivated to gain market power in order to strengthen their positions in the markets where they operate and thereby they have an impact in the fulfillment of the growing needs of the consumer, which brings increase of welfare. Nevertheless, quite often companies have such an attitude that they may cause limitation of competition, such as the agreements, whose object or consequence is price fixing, market shares or the establishment of a market structure where competitors join (in case of concentrations). Price fixing is a classic element to all cases of cartels. By means of such behavior competitors try to avoid price competition between them to the detriment of the consumer, by applying higher prices. This may happen at horizontal level, but also at vertical level. What do we perceive with prohibited agreements under Albanian law of competition? What are the forms of agreements that are prohibited and which are excluded? These are some of the questions that this article adresses.

18

Ochrona konkurencji w jednolitym rynku Unii Europejskiej

80%

Stawicki E.

Chemik

|

1999

|

tom Nr 11

287-290

PL

Podano źródła prawa konkurencji Unii Europejskiej Traktat Paryski i Traktat Rzymski. Przedstawiono zakazane praktyki antykonkurencyjne, w tym praktyki zakazane art. 85 Traktatu Rzymskiego oraz wyłączenia indywidualne i grupowe (art. 85(3)) i praktyki zakazane art. 86 TR. Omówiono także kontrolę fuzji i przejęć (koncentracji gospodar-czej) oraz właściwość organów Unii i państw członkowskich.

EN

Sources of EU competition law -The Paris Treaty and Rome Treaty -are given. Prohibited anti-competition prac-tices, including those indicated in the article 85 of the Rom Treaty, as well as individual and group exclusions (art. 85(3ť, and practices prohibited by the art. 86, are presented. There are also discussed: control of fusions and takings over ( economic concentration) as well as property of EU organs and member countries.

19

Składniki konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw budowlanych

80%

Matwiejczuk W. , Obolewicz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Budownictwo

|

2004

|

tom Z. 25

219-229

PL

Współczesne warunki gospodarowania stawiają wymóg podniesienia konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw budowlanych na wyższy poziom, umożliwiający skuteczne konkurowanie także z prężnymi firmami otwierającej się Europy. Stąd poznanie mechanizmów konkurowania na rynku budowlanym oraz źródeł podnoszenia konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstwa jest szczególnie ważne. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia tych zagadnień.

EN

Modern economical conditions put competitiveness requirements of construction companies on higher level which allows effective competition with resilient European enterprises. Hence the mechanism's recognition on the construction market and sources of competitiveness improvement are especially important. Hereby presented article is the trial of these issues estimation.

20

A Situational Theory of Advantages in Sport

80%

Hämäläinen M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

|

2013

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tom 60

|

nr 1

5-13

EN

The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic explanation of the concept of advantage in the context of sport competitions. Advantage is a common concept in sports, but it also holds ambiguities that need clarification. Let’s say, for example, that the national soccer team of Brazil is playing the national team of Finland and is ahead 5 to 0. Finland receives a penalty kick due to a refereeing error. At this point, which of the teams has the advantage? In this paper, I answer this question through a systematic explanation of the concept of advantage. My theory is based on Sigmund Loland’s view that advantage can be distributed both formally and informally in sport competitions. I will develop Loland’s notion of formal advantage by introducing what I call an absolute sense of advantage - a relation of superiority that is based on the performances of two competitors. I replace informal advantage with what I refer to as an expectancy sense of advantage, which is related to expectations regarding the absolute advantage. These two senses of advantage have different functions, and I conclude that advantage is a phenomenon that plays a vital role in all sport competitions through these two senses - absolute and expectancy.