Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Islamska edukacja w Kenii. Wybrane zagadnienia

100%

Wąs A.

Forum Politologiczne

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2006

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tom 4 - Islam we współczesnej Afryce

107-122

EN

One of the most significant features of the modern countries in Africa is that an alien educational method was brought there from Europe and was combined with the indigenous African or Islamic educational structures and institutions. The new educational system, described as secular, conflicted especially with those existing systems which were religious in nature. Western education was, however, hard to resist because of all the advantages it contained in terms of preparing Africans for a new economic structure and technology, and the accompanying job opportunities. This led to the following dilemmas: Was it possible to combine the traditional and modern systems of education? Was it possible to modernise without eliminating the religious element of the educational system? These questions summarise the main problematic with which the Muslim scholars of the East African coast were confronted at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century’s. It was the time when the Arab Islamic civilisation provided the ideal model for Muslim practice and conduct as a new European model of life was emerging. And all this was taking place in a particular cultural context, Swahili. Some leaders of the Swahili Islamic community realized that there was no alternative to modifying their traditional system of education and opening it to the modern tendencies. One of these leaders was Sheikh al-Amin b. Ali al-Mazrui. Through his various activities, teaching and writings, he strongly influenced the educational development of Islam in East Africa. This paper presents some aspects of Islamic education in Kenya, where the traditional Islamic concept of education has encountered one of its greatest challenges: modern education. The clash between these two entirely different concepts created some problems and brought into question even fundamental elements of the previous system. Consequently, the mediaeval structure of the Quranic school was modernized and a new form, the madrasa, emerged, this also highlighted the problem of female education, so that, eventually, Muslim girls were allowed to acquire a proper education. The educational problems that arose on the East African coast at the beginning of the past century are reflected in the life activity of Sheikh al-Amin. His legacy and the clash between these two concepts had far-reaching consequences, which continue today. The particular focus of this work concerns aspects of the educational system of the East African coast at the beginning of the twentieth century. This is of great personal interest since the author has had the opportunity of working as a Catholic missionary in various Kenyan schools where he experienced the mission challenges of Islam in Kenya.

2

Budget deficit-macroeconomic variables nexus in Kenya

100%

Philip D. S.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2021

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tom 43

270-292

EN

Aim/purpose – The aim of this paper was to establish the nexus between a budget deficit and selected macroeconomic variables in Kenya. This adds to the existing literature while the methodology and choice of the econometric tools used improve the predictability of the link between a budget deficit and macroeconomic variables. The results are relevant to policy makers as they may help improve understanding of budget deficit management. Design/methodology/approach – The study used time series data for the period from 1976 to 2018 and employed the Vector Autoregression model reinforced by the Keynesian Mundell–Fleming framework. Findings – The impulse response function derived from the vector autoregression model revealed that shocks from both interest rate and exchange rate had a positive impact on budget deficit. External debt servicing and current account deficit shocks had a negative impact on the budget deficit. Research implications/limitations – Interest rate and exchange rate policies remain key in reducing the growth of the budget deficit. Policies on external debt servicing, such as timely payment of debts and prudent investment of borrowed funds, will also reduce the budget deficit. Originality/value/contribution – The study employed transmission mechanism which involves multiple equations to establish the nexus between a budget deficit and macroeconomic variables in Kenya.

3

Health insurance and Out of Pocket health care expenditure in Kenya

88%

Kamba U. K.

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tom 44

EN

Aim/purpose – The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of health insurance on Out-of-Pocket (OOP) health care expenditure in Kenya. It is informed by persistence in the challenges of access and utilization of quality and affordable health care services. Previously, researchers have estimated the effects of different forms of health care financing on its demand and shown that affordability not only enhances access and use of health services but also cushions people against adverse financial risks associated with catastrophic health care spending. Design/methodology/approach – The study used the Kenya Household Health Expenditure and Utilization Survey (KHHEUS) 2013 data, and employed the two-part model estimation approach. The sample size considered in the estimation was 6,961 with the unit of analysis being an individual household member. Findings – The overall results of this study showed that having a health insurance cover did not exclude one from using OOP payments. However, the probability of such spending was low for people with insurance compared to those without insurance. Additionally, if any cash was paid for any health care service, having insurance did not have a significant effect on the level of that spending. Research implications/limitations – The findings of this study imply that uptake of health insurance does not fully cushion people from both using cash payments when seeking health services and ramifications of catastrophic health care spending. The study however, encountered challenges of unavailability of more recent data in the KHHEUS series. In addition, the sample size was relatively small to the population after data cleaning. Originality/value/contribution – Potential effect of health insurance on OOP health care payments had not been explored in Kenya. As such, this study filled this gap. In addition, the two-part model estimation technique was also employed with the latest household health survey data.

4

The Securitization of Political Discourse in Reinforcing Regimes of Power in Kenya

88%

Mwangi O. G. , Mwangi C. W.

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2019

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tom 7

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nr 2

55-73

EN

This article examines the securitization of political discourse in reinforcing regimes of power in Kenya. It perceives securitized terrorism and counterterrorism discourse as political discourse. The article combines Foucault’s perspectives on discourse, discursive practices and power relations, and aspects of Securitisation Theory, that subjectively construct security threats, as a framework to analyse the securitization of terrorism and counterterrorism discourse and discursive practices in Kenya. The official speeches of key members of Kenya’s National Security Council, which is officially responsible for security matters in the country, form the core data. The arguments raised are that Somalis residing in Kenya are constructed as existential threats to national security in the terrorism and counterterrorism discourse and discursive practices of the members of the National Security Council. The construction is done on the basis of ethnicity, religion and ungoverned spaces. These three are examined as causal factors whose political outcome is the reinforcement of power relations. By securitizing discourse and discursive practices, the state legitimizes its role in implementing and enhancing its capacity to implement coercive norm-violation counterterrorism measures. The state also enhances its capacity to continually modify existing knowledge of terrorism and counterterrorism through communication, further reinforcing discrimination of Somalis in Kenya.

5

The problem of Islamic terrorism in Kenya in terms of regional security in East Africa

88%

Bar J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2016

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nr 42

147-164

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the issue of security in the region of East Africa, particularly in Kenya, in view of the development of the phenomenon of Islamic terrorism. In the last two years it killed more than 400 people in this country and the scale of organized attacks is still increasing. In April 2015 Islamic militants from the Somali group al‑Shabaab attacked Garissa University College in northeastern Kenya. This terrorist attack confirmed that Kenyan authorities are not able to control the 700‑kilometre border with Somalia and ensure the security of citizens and tourists visiting the country. The threat of the escalation of acts of terrorism and the spread of violence to other countries in the region are becoming a major challenge to the foreign policy of Kenya and other countries in the region. In this article the author intends to present Kenya’s current actions in the fight against terrorism in Somalia and to assess the involvement of the African Union (AU) and the East African Community (EAC)– in terms of ensuring the regional security and the involvement of players from the region outside (the USA in particular) –in the context of the fight against Islamic terrorism on a global scale. Therefore the aim of the article is to attempt to evaluate the real possibility of providing effective aid to Kenya in the fight against terrorism. Despite the limited access to sources, dealing with this difficult subject of research has been justified by the fact that the awareness of the threat of Islamic terrorism against Kenya becomes necessary for the understanding of different phenomena and processes essential for the security of East African countries, and also for the fight against terrorism worldwide.

6

Gospodarowanie wodą w trudnych warunkach. Przykład Kamba z Machakos

88%

Szupejko M.

Afryka

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2021

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nr 51/52

111-140

EN

Like the majority of African countries, contemporary Kenya is a mosaic of cultures and languages shaped throughout the centuries. The Akamba discussed in this article live in the Machakos County and are one of the most numerous ethnic groups in Kenya. Amongst the many characteristics of their culture, the ones most relevant to the topic are: collectivism, avoidance of uncertainty, hierarchy, orientation towards the future (long-term orientation), variety of traditionally undertaken tasks. These characteristics of their culture have influence for adaptability to the changing and difficult living conditions: in this case, thanks to the methods of obtaining water and the ways to store and protect it.

7

„Chodzący po wodzie”. Barack Obama w ujęciu kenijskich karykaturzystów

88%

Piotrowska M.

Afryka

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2016

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nr 44

66-84

EN

Political caricature has become a significant cultural text allowing us to deeply understand social emotions connected to the current, significant events. In this article, analyzing Kenyan political satire, I try to define Kenyans’ approach to Barack Obama at the time of his presidency, as well as presenting US and Kenya’s relations during that period. In this article my attempt is to show that Kenyan political caricature is a tool that allows the author to share emotions, judgments and opinions addressed to different social groups. Its main goal is to quickly react to the political events and to comment on them. Due to its simplicity, political caricature has an extensive audience.

8

Procesy w sprawie zabójstwa orkojota Nandich Koitalela arap Samoei

88%

Kruze P.

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nr 42

124-144

EN

The Nandi tribe resisted European colonisation in Western Kenya until the 1905 when the last British military campaign against them took place. At the beginning of the expedition, the spiritual and religious Nandi leader, orkoiyot Koitalel arap Samoi, was killed by Captain Richard Meinertzhagen. This work describes carefully the three trials which occurred after the accident. On the basis of court proceedings and Meinertzhagen’s diaries, the paper tries to ascertain the most probable course of events and who killed the orkoiyot. Furthermore, the author aims to establish whether Meinertzhagen was acting on his own or received an informal order from the commanders of the campaign. Finally, the article presents the political and military organisation of Nandi, their pre-colonial history and the political role of the orkoiyot in the tribe.

9

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from domesticated animals and the environment in Lake Victoria, Kenya

75%

Wawire S. A. , Miruka D. O. , Nelson N. , Ofulla A.

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2013

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tom 13

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nr 4

10

Současné politické konflikty Afrického rohu

75%

Kumsa A.

Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)

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2012

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tom 1-2

49-74

EN

Violent conflict is very old in human society. The development of military technology brought with itself the worst tragedies loss of human live and material devastation in the second half of 20th century in the Horn of Africa. This region is one of the centers of various political violent conflicts in the world, according to length of these violent conflicts, the number of death of people, mainly civilian, refugees and internal displaced persons (IDP). This study elucidates the root causes of long wars in the Horn of Africa focusing mainly on South Sudan and Somalia. It also illustrates how the Super Powers during the Cold War helped their client states to prolong the suffering of people in the region. When Socialist system disappeared from Eastern Europe, Mengistu Haile Mariam's and Siyad Barre's regime ignominiously collapsed. In Ethiopia Amhara power elite, who ruled the Empire state from 1889 to 1991 lost their state power and Tigrian guerrilla fighters captured it through the power of the gun, Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia, South Sudan is emerging from long heinous war to independence. The violent conflict in Somalia transformed after the old regime demise in 1991 and the new leaders unable to build new central government. Somalia is fragmented and became the good example of failed state in the theory of contemporary political sociology. The paper tries to explain these complex violent conflicts in this part of Africa.

11

Safety of Supply Chain of Kenya’s Cut Flower Industry. Case of Kongoni River Farm

75%

Nowakowska M.

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tom Vol. 26, No. 2

43--48

EN

The article examines a logistics chain of Kenya cut flower industry with special emphasis on safety and security issues. The robust growth in this sector of Kenyan economy, important for the EU market, is endangered both because of security problems resulting from Kenya’s domestic political situation, imported terrorism from neighbouring Somalia, and underdevelopment of Kenyan transportation network. The author shows how Kenyan flower farmers try to overcome those obstacles. The research is based on field visit to Kongoni River Farm in central Kenya.

12

The suprascapular notch: its morphology and distance from the glenoid cavity in a Kenyan population

75%

Sinkeet S. R. , Awori K. O. , Odula P. O. , Ogeng'o J. A. , Mwachaka P. M.

Folia Morphologica

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2010

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tom 69

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nr 4

EN

The morphology of the suprascapular notch has been associated with suprascapular entrapment neuropathy, as well as injury to the suprascapular nerve in arthroscopic shoulder procedures. This study aimed to describe the morphology and morphometry of the suprascapular notch. The suprascapular notch in 138 scapulae was classified into six types based on the description by Rengachary. The suprascapular notch was present in 135 (97.8%) scapulae. Type III notch, a symmetrical U shaped notch with nearly parallel lateral margins, was the most prevalent type, appearing in 40 (29%) scapulae. The mean distance from the notch to the supraglenoid tubercle was 28.7 ± 3.8 mm. This varied with the type of notch, being longest in type IV (30.1 ± 1.8 mm) and shortest in type III (27.3 ± 2.3 mm). The mean distance between the posterior rim of the glenoid cavity and the medial wall of the spinoglenoid notch at the base of the scapular spine was found to be 15.8 ± 2.2 mm. Type III notch was the most prevalent, as found in other populations. In a significant number of cases the defined safe zone may not be adequate to eliminate the risk of nerve injury during arthroscopic shoulder procedures, even more so with type I and II notches. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 4: 241–245)

13

The sound of silence: the 1929-30 Gikuyu ‘female circumcision controversy’ and the discursive suppression of African women’s voices

75%

Adima A.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2020

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tom 21

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nr 1

18-37

EN

In 1929-30, British missionaries active in central Kenya sought the help of the British colonial government in banning and eventually eradicating the Gikuyu tradition of female circumcision. This was met by an uproar amongst the Gikuyu population, many of whom protested in the form of the Muthirigu dance song, giving rise to what is known as the ‘female circumcision controversy.’ Contemporary sources demonstrate the numerous contributions to the debate on the issue, including from missionary societies, colonial officials, British women, and Kenyan men, who all incorporated the controversy into their various agendas, be it concern for women’s health on the missionary’s part; anxiety of colonial officials over the impact of circumcision on Kenya’s long-term population growth; worry for their ‘sisters’ by British women Members of Parliament; or concern about Western infringement on Gikuyu traditions on the part of Kenyan men. What is most noticeable is the absence of Kenyan women’s voices in the sources on the matter, in spite of the fact that this was an issue about their own bodies. This article examines the different ways in which Kenyan women’s voices were silenced on the issue, and attempt to retrieve their voices from the sources available. In doing so, the article seeks to demonstrate the general tendency to silence African women in history and in historical epistemology.

14

Safety of Supply Chain of Kenya’s Cut Flower Industry. Case of Kongoni River Farm

75%

Nowakowska M.

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2015

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tom 26

43-48

EN

The article examines a logistics chain of Kenya cut flower industry with special emphasis on safety and security issues. The robust growth in this sector of Kenyan economy, important for the EU market, is endangered both because of security problems resulting from Kenya’s domestic political situation, imported terrorism from neighbouring Somalia, and underdevelopment of Kenyan transportation network. The author shows how Kenyan flower farmers try to overcome those obstacles. The research is based on field visit to Kongoni River Farm in central Kenya.

15

The Jumping Spiders of the Ethiopian Region. Part I. New genus Langelurillus gen.n. [Araneae, Salticidae] from Kenya

75%

Prochniewicz M.

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1994

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tom 45

EN

The genus Langelurillus gen. nov. is described. Its relationships to Aelurillus Simon, 1884, Langona Simon, 1901 and Phlegra Simon, 1876 are discussed. Three new species: Langelurillus primus, L. holmi and L. spinosus from Kenya are described.

16

East African bryophytes. XVIII. Two new Lejeuneaceae [Hepaticae] from the Aberdare Mountains [Kenya]

75%

Pocs T.

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tom 47

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nr 1

17

Ecohydrology as a tool for the survival of the threatened Serengeti ecosystem

63%

Gereta E. , Mwangomo E. , Wolanski E.

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nr 1

EN

The results of 10 years of monitoring water quality and quantity during the period 1996-2006 in the three rivers (Mbalageti, Grumeti and Mara) draining the Serengeti ecosystem are presented, together with river gauging data starting in 1948, rainfall data starting in 1960, and animal population data starting in 1960. Water quality remained unchanged in the Mbalageti and Grumeti rivers; these rivers are seasonal and they dry out during a drought. The Mara River is perennial and is vital to maintain the ecosystem during a drought. Its quality has changed, with increased contribution from groundwater, with higher pH and visibility and decreasing salinity. The flow rate during a drought has decreased by 68% since 1972. This is attributed to deforestation of its upper catchment in the Mau forest in Kenya and to extraction of water for irrigation in Kenya upstream of the ecosystem. Hydrological modeling suggests that the Mara River would now dry out for two months and one month respectively if the 1949-1952 and the 1972-1973 severe droughts occurred again. Ecohydrologic modeling suggests that this would in turn lead to the collapse of the herbivore population from the lack of drinking water. This model also suggests that providing drinking water to the animals at artificial water holes spread throughout the ecosystem would lead to decadal time-scale booms and busts of the herbivore population. The Serengeti ecosystem stability is maintained by the annual migration that partitions the ecosystem in seasonally used compartments. It is thus necessary to restore the natural hydrology of the Mara River in Kenya, and this requires remediation measures in Kenya. If that does not occur, disaster prevention measures are needed by providing water in weirs, dams, and artificial wetlands along the Mara River in the Serengeti National Park, as well as extending by 5 km the western edge of the park so as to reach Lake Victoria to provide acces to permanent water.

18

Zasoby geotermalne Kenii

63%

Kruszewski M.

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2020

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tom R. 23, Nr 2 (256)

17

PL

Kenia, jako największy producent energii geotermalnej w Afryce, jest obdarzona dużym potencjałem geotermalnym. Wynika to z jej korzystnego położenia w obrębie Doliny Rowu Afryki Wschodniej, rozszerzającej się z północy na południe kraju.

19

SHARE PRICE REACTION TO CASH DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENT: AN EVENT STUDY OF LISTED FIRMS IN KENYA

63%

Muthoni G. G.

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tom 9(1)

117-125

EN

This study aimed to establish the effect of cash dividend announcement on share price reaction of the firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). This study used Event Study methodology with purely secondary drawn data from 24 firms listed on the NSE who meet the study threshold with an event window of eleven (11) days during the year 2008-2013. The study adopted the descriptive research design and sampling de-sign being purposive. STATA version SE12 was used to produce a descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that the share price reaction to dividend announcement is posi-tive for a dividend increase and negative for dividend decrease and constant for the constant dividend. The study therefore recommends that the effect of the dividend on the firm’s share price is very crucial for not only the literature but also for the regula-tion and supervision of the capital market and that further development of accounting standards, increased auditing skills, and advances in investor education will likely make dividends even more important in the future. Following these findings, it would be useful to also consider the following directions for future research on whether there is any joint effect of cash dividend, bonus issues, and right issues on the share price of firms listed on NSE.

20

Public perceptions of papyrus: community appraisal of wetland ecosystem services at Lake Naivasha, Kenya

63%

Morrison E. H. J. , Upton C. , Pacini N. , Odhiambo-K'oyooh K. , Harper D. M.

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2013

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tom 13

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nr 2