Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Considerations on General Methodological Assumptions of the Sciences of Sport

100%

Kosiewicz J.

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nr 1

65-101

EN

The considerations included in the article are the result of several years of teaching general methodology for doctoral studies at Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The presented text consists of two basic parts. The first includes reminiscences and associated methodological resentment. The second presents a wide panorama of standpoints concerning functions and kinds of hypotheses, their role and significance in contemporary research programs of formal, empirical (connected with natural sciences and biology), and humanities nature. Sketchy and encyclopaedic interpretations, presented in the context of commentaries by the author of this paper, thereby dominate. The aim of the first part is to draw attention to some methodological mistakes which often appear and which have become common in some academic milieus to such a degree that some intervention and postulatory correction, referring to Polish and Western methodological literature, is advisable. These shortcomings are connected, among other things, with the structure of the scientific work, with the formulation and application of hypotheses, with relations taking place between the general methodology and specialized methodologies, kinds and types of research work, with reliability of information on sources of creative information, as well with the category of verification in its relation, on the one hand, to confirmation and corroboration, and on the other hand, to testing, checking, falsification, and terms close in meaning to the last one. The abovementioned resentment results, first of all, from the fact that the authors discussed in the first part usually insist on erroneous solutions, negating a priori, without becoming acquainted with the literature on the subject or making attempts to explain or initiate a methodological argument referring to sources and studies. That resentment is significant, among other things, in the causal sense - that is, because of the fact that, firstly, it justifies and substantiates the need for a statement presenting controversial questions in a content-related and formal way. Secondly, because thanks to such (that is, cognitive-emotional) introduction, the whole argument - not only in the first, but also in the second part - is much more interesting. It is saturated with authenticity. Many readers know the figures mentioned and are familiar with their - sometimes too insouciant (sometimes not very reliable) - attitudes to important issues from the field of research methods. It is also interesting why the people cited make mistakes. Hence, it is also advisable to look at a wider methodological context of justification (included in the much longer second part) dedicated to perhaps the most thorough characteristics of the hypothesis in the literature on the subject, which is available to the author. Without presentation of the controversial issues in the first part, the second part, more important from the methodological viewpoint, might be omitted by a considerable proportion of readers. In that part attention is paid mainly to issues concerning working, initial, zero, primary, introductory, directing, gradual, auxiliary, ad hoc auxiliary, bridge, futile and true, dangerous and safe, quite natural and neutral, individual and general, complete and incomplete, deep, strong, probabilistic and non-probabilistic (that is, deterministic), related, falsifying, basic, psychological, metaphysical and materialist hypotheses, as well as those concluding ones - that is, those constituting the final effect of definite (concluded here and now) research; hence, those which have undergone verification, confirmation, corroboration or modification as those which predict and explain a given research problem in the best possible way.

2

The subjectivity of the estimation of natural wood’s resistance to destruction by termites based on visual assessment in laboratory tests

100%

Krajewski A. , Witomski P. , Oleksiewicz A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2021

|

tom vol. 64, nr 207

159--166

EN

This study concerns visual assessment of the degree of damage done to Pinus sylvestris L. wood blocks by Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi, in an experiment conducted according to ASTM D 3345-08:2017. The six evaluators made their assessments individually. The differing results obtained from the evaluators are a cause for concern. Visual assessment of the degree of wood damage can vary significantly from person to person. Measurement of weight loss seems to be a better way of evaluating the degree of damage done to wood samples by termites in laboratory tests.

3

Considerations on General Methodological Assumptions of the Sciences of Sport

100%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

|

2012

|

tom 56

|

nr 1

65-101

EN

The considerations included in the article are the result of several years of teaching general methodology for doctoral studies at Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The presented text consists of two basic parts. The first includes reminiscences and associated methodological resentment. The second presents a wide panorama of standpoints concerning functions and kinds of hypotheses, their role and significance in contemporary research programs of formal, empirical (connected with natural sciences and biology), and humanities nature. Sketchy and encyclopaedic interpretations, presented in the context of commentaries by the author of this paper, thereby dominate. The aim of the first part is to draw attention to some methodological mistakes which often appear and which have become common in some academic milieus to such a degree that some intervention and postulatory correction, referring to Polish and Western methodological literature, is advisable. These shortcomings are connected, among other things, with the structure of the scientific work, with the formulation and application of hypotheses, with relations taking place between the general methodology and specialized methodologies, kinds and types of research work, with reliability of information on sources of creative information, as well with the category of verification in its relation, on the one hand, to confirmation and corroboration, and on the other hand, to testing, checking, falsification, and terms close in meaning to the last one. The abovementioned resentment results, first of all, from the fact that the authors discussed in the first part usually insist on erroneous solutions, negating a priori, without becoming acquainted with the literature on the subject or making attempts to explain or initiate a methodological argument referring to sources and studies. That resentment is significant, among other things, in the causal sense - that is, because of the fact that, firstly, it justifies and substantiates the need for a statement presenting controversial questions in a content-related and formal way. Secondly, because thanks to such (that is, cognitive-emotional) introduction, the whole argument - not only in the first, but also in the second part - is much more interesting. It is saturated with authenticity. Many readers know the figures mentioned and are familiar with their - sometimes too insouciant (sometimes not very reliable) - attitudes to important issues from the field of research methods. It is also interesting why the people cited make mistakes. Hence, it is also advisable to look at a wider methodological context of justification (included in the much longer second part) dedicated to perhaps the most thorough characteristics of the hypothesis in the literature on the subject, which is available to the author. Without presentation of the controversial issues in the first part, the second part, more important from the methodological viewpoint, might be omitted by a considerable proportion of readers. In that part attention is paid mainly to issues concerning working, initial, zero, primary, introductory, directing, gradual, auxiliary, ad hoc auxiliary, bridge, futile and true, dangerous and safe, quite natural and neutral, individual and general, complete and incomplete, deep, strong, probabilistic and non-probabilistic (that is, deterministic), related, falsifying, basic, psychological, metaphysical and materialist hypotheses, as well as those concluding ones - that is, those constituting the final effect of definite (concluded here and now) research; hence, those which have undergone verification, confirmation, corroboration or modification as those which predict and explain a given research problem in the best possible way.

4

Social Sciences and Common Perceptions of Sport

88%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

|

2013

|

tom 60

|

nr 1

64-74

EN

This paper provides a discussion on various aspects and features of the concept of the social sciences of sport. The concept originated recently and was formulated in 2007 during the preparations for the establishment of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport. The Society, however, was not formed until the beginning of 2009. Among other things, the concept includes such academic disciplines and fields as sport sociology, sport philosophy, sport psychology, sport pedagogy, the history of physical fitness, sport and Olympism, sport politics and the international conditions of sport, sport economics, sport organizations and management, the social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, the social relations regarding training and sport tactics, as well as the humanistic theory of martial arts. The author presents a growth in interest of different social aspects and issues of sport at the beginning of the twentieth century. He indicates the significant development of sport during the second half of the last century, especially towards its end and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The social sciences of sport was also underlined as the reason for the creation of a new, dynamically developing cognitive paradigm. According to the Author, it is mainly connected with the institutional and functional, organizational and methodological conditions of the social science of sport which specifically complemented the educational and research standards for the academic community around the globe. The Author emphasizes the social sciences of sport’s distinctive and autonomous part in sport science due to its specific and detailed merit-related issues and methodological foundations. He also stresses that not only does natural science (particularly biological science) play an important role in sport science, but also that the social science of sport has a vital and fundamental value in it. In his opinion, natural (biological) science in relation to sport refers mainly to one person’s organism, whereas social science refers, for the most part, to the axiological, cultural, symbolical, esthetic, ethical perception of physical exertion. Moreover, research conducted in this field encompasses the professional, pragmatic, utilitarian, cathartic, escapist, ludic, hedonistic, epistemological and recreational aspects of differently perceived professional sports or sport for all. The Author points out that the amount of available courses - lectures, classes, seminars - in the field of social sciences themselves, as well as in the social science of sport, is being gradually reduced, which undoubtedly lowers not only the knowledge, but also the perception, interpretation, explanation and comprehension of sport in the context of the humanistic approach. Furthermore, he indicates this trend’s influential role in the development of common-sense thinking, which makes opinion-forming and valuable comments on the subject of sport undergo cognitive deformations. He points out its negative influence on the listeners, audience and fans’ consciousness, opinion and attitude, as well as on the interpretative context of the observed events - not only ones associated with sport, but also those happening beyond it, for instance in social, family, peer, professional, political and religious life.

5

Social Sciences and Common Perceptions of Sport

88%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

|

2013

|

tom 60

|

nr 1

64-74

EN

This paper provides a discussion on various aspects and features of the concept of the social sciences of sport. The concept originated recently and was formulated in 2007 during the preparations for the establishment of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport. The Society, however, was not formed until the beginning of 2009. Among other things, the concept includes such academic disciplines and fields as sport sociology, sport philosophy, sport psychology, sport pedagogy, the history of physical fitness, sport and Olympism, sport politics and the international conditions of sport, sport economics, sport organizations and management, the social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, the social relations regarding training and sport tactics, as well as the humanistic theory of martial arts. The author presents a growth in interest of different social aspects and issues of sport at the beginning of the twentieth century. He indicates the significant development of sport during the second half of the last century, especially towards its end and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The social sciences of sport was also underlined as the reason for the creation of a new, dynamically developing cognitive paradigm. According to the Author, it is mainly connected with the institutional and functional, organizational and methodological conditions of the social science of sport which specifically complemented the educational and research standards for the academic community around the globe. The Author emphasizes the social sciences of sport’s distinctive and autonomous part in sport science due to its specific and detailed merit-related issues and methodological foundations. He also stresses that not only does natural science (particularly biological science) play an important role in sport science, but also that the social science of sport has a vital and fundamental value in it. In his opinion, natural (biological) science in relation to sport refers mainly to one person’s organism, whereas social science refers, for the most part, to the axiological, cultural, symbolical, esthetic, ethical perception of physical exertion. Moreover, research conducted in this field encompasses the professional, pragmatic, utilitarian, cathartic, escapist, ludic, hedonistic, epistemological and recreational aspects of differently perceived professional sports or sport for all. The Author points out that the amount of available courses - lectures, classes, seminars - in the field of social sciences themselves, as well as in the social science of sport, is being gradually reduced, which undoubtedly lowers not only the knowledge, but also the perception, interpretation, explanation and comprehension of sport in the context of the humanistic approach. Furthermore, he indicates this trend’s influential role in the development of common-sense thinking, which makes opinion-forming and valuable comments on the subject of sport undergo cognitive deformations. He points out its negative influence on the listeners, audience and fans’ consciousness, opinion and attitude, as well as on the interpretative context of the observed events - not only ones associated with sport, but also those happening beyond it, for instance in social, family, peer, professional, political and religious life.

6

Szklana fasada o podwójnym przepływie powietrza – aspekt energetyczny

75%

Wilk-Słomka B. , Belok J.

Izolacje

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2020

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tom R. 25, nr 10

30, 32--37

PL

W artykule autorzy podjęli próbę określenia aspektu energetycznego szklanej fasady tworzącej przeciwprądowy wymiennik ciepła na przykładzie budynku biurowego 8-kondygnacyjnego. Przedmiotowa fasada została zorientowana w kierunku zachodnim. Model obliczeniowy budynku, w którym usytuowano fasadę, zbudowano jako układ pięciu stref cieplnych: dwie klatki schodowe, komunikacja pozioma, toalety oraz strefy pomieszczeń biurowych. Do szczegółowej analizy przyjęto strefę pomieszczeń biurowych zlokalizowaną na czwartej kondygnacji złożoną z 5 pomieszczeń biurowych o wymiarach 4,0×5,0×3,3 m. Jako metodę badawczą przyjęto badania numeryczne z wykorzystaniem programów ESP-r oraz Window. Analizy przeprowadzono dla rzeczywistych danych klimatycznych – stacja meteorologiczna Katowice. Rozważania obejmowały określenie zużycia energii na grzanie i chłodzenie, czasu pracy rozpatrywanych systemów instalacyjnych oraz temperatury powietrza w fasadzie – strefa zewnętrzna oraz wewnętrzna. Rozpatrywano trzy warianty analiz: W0 – bez obiegu powietrza, W1 – z obiegiem powietrza oraz W2 – z odwróconym obiegiem powietrza w miesiącu lipcu. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki dla miesiąca stycznia i lipca jako reprezentatywnych z punktu widzenia celu badań.

EN

In the article, the authors made an attempt to determine the energy aspect of the glass façade forming a counter-flow heat exchanger on the example of an 8-storey office building. The façade has been oriented westwards. A computational model of the building with the façade was created as a layout of five heat zones: two staircases, horizontal communication, toilets and office space. The office space on the 4th floor consisting of 5 office rooms with dimensions of 4.0×5.0×3.3 m analyzed in detail using the numerical tests as a research method with the help of ESP-r and Windows programs. Analyzes were carried out for real climate data – meteorological station in Katowice. The considerations included determining energy consumption for heating and cooling, operating time of the installation systems as well as air temperature in the façade - external and internal zones. Three analysis variants were considered: W0 – without air circulation, W1 – with air circulation and W2 – with reverse air circulation in July. The article presents the results obtained in January and July as the representative results – from the point of view of the research objective.

7

Developing a research process procedure for academic and practical management

75%

Dźwigoł H.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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tom z. 146

61--73

EN

Purpose: Developing a procedure for the course of the research process for management science and practice. An original procedure for the course of the research process in management and quality sciences was presented. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, as well as the model of the research process, five stages have been defined, which should be included in the procedure of the research process. They included: selection of the research subject, determination of the nature of the research, determination of the transparency of the research purpose, selection of the method of conducting the research, determination of the size of the studied sample. Findings: Taking into account the model of the research process, a procedure for conducting research was developed. Research limitations/implications: The developed procedure is a premise for conducting further research in the direction of assigning research methods and techniques to individual elements of the research process stages in management and quality sciences. Selection of appropriate methods and research techniques will translate into the verification of research hypotheses, such as and answers to research questions. Practical implications: First of all, it is important to develop a procedure for the course of the research process for management science and practice, and then, for individual stages of this process, assign appropriate research methods and techniques. Social implications: The author's procedure for the course of the research process presented in this article is a response to how to operationalize phenomena in the sciences on management and quality and thus translate into research related to Industry 4.0. Originality/value: The developed procedure for the course of the research process allows for detailed familiarization and carrying out of scientific research, and in particular for a precise presentation of the characteristics of the tested entity, dispelling doubts regarding the transparency of the conducted research, appropriate description of the method of conducting the research, and determining the size of the research sample.

8

Przystosowanie procedur badawczych, stosowanych w metodzie dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej, do nowych norm europejskich

75%

Krztoń H.

Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza

|

2008

|

tom T. 60, nr 2

37-40

PL

Celem pracy było dostosowanie procedur badawczych pracowni rentgenowskiej do wymagań norm europejskich, wprowadzonych dla potrzeb metod wykorzystujących dyfrakcję promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Ponadto przeprowadzono badania na proszkowych próbkach wzorcowych (analiza fazowa), zakupionych w NIST (National Institute of Standards, USA) oraz na ferrytycznych i austenitycznych wzorcach tekstury, produkcji Instytutu Metalurgii i Inżynierii Materiałowej PAN (Kraków).W wyniku uzyskano zgodność akredytowanych procedur badawczych z normami, a wyniki badań na próbkach wzorcowych wykorzystano w badaniach wewnątrzlaboratoryjnych.

EN

The objective of this paper was to adapt the research procedures used in X-ray room to the requirements of the European standards introduced for the needs of the methods using X-ray diffraction. In addition, the tests on powder standard samples (phase analysis) purchased from NIST (National Institute of Standards, USA) and on ferritic and austenitic texture standards made by the Institute for Metallurgy and Materials Engineering at the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) (Cracow) were conducted. As a result the conformity of the accredited research procedures with norms was obtained and the results of tests conducted on standard samples were used in the intralaboratory studies.

9

Teoria archeologii w ujęciu Lwa Samuiloviča Klejna na tle naukowej biografii

63%

Minta-Tworzowska D.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

|

2016

|

tom 21

339-354

PL

This paper provides an overview of the scholarly thought of Leo Klejn (born 1.07.1927), a prominent Russian scholar. The discussion is based on Klejn’s selected works, first of all his monumental work ‘Трудно быть Клейном. Автобиография в монологах и диалогах’, translated into Polish as ‘Trudno być Klejnem. Autobiografia w monologach i dialogach’, Sankt Petersburg, 2010, pp 600. This paper looks at Klejn’s life, his lot, often dramatic, but most of all his creative and outstanding works in the field of archaeology, anthropology and philology within their historical contexts. It also examines the reasons behind addressing certain issues.

10

The triangulation procedure in the research of civil activity and action research

63%

Weryński P. , Dolińska-Weryńska D.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2015

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tom z. 84

231--245

EN

The authors suggest to realize the specific research objectives in the area of sociology of public life, in the research of particular dimensions of Polish public sphere or in the functioning of various institutions of a civil society with the help of consistent triangulation research procedure. The presented examples of applications of mixed methodology concemed triangulation approach to the methods, sources, researchers, theories, cognitive perspectives and level analysis. In the research concerning the complex social activities, in which after the stage of diagnosing the reality the tools for research of attitudes and the scale of particular behaviors are created, a triangulation experimental plan with the elements of qualitative research (e.g. focus groups) can be used. Such methodological approach also seems to provide interesting cognitive effects as well as application effects in the area of action research.

PL

W prezentowanym artykule autorzy proponują, aby realizować określone cele badawcze w dziedzinie socjologii życia publicznego, w badaniach poszczególnych wymiarów polskiej sfery publicznej czy funkcjonowania różnych instytucji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego za pomocą konsekwentnej triangulacyjnej procedury badań. Takie podejście metodologiczne wydaje się też przynosić ciekawe efekty poznawcze, ale również aplikacyjne w dziedzinie badań w działaniu (action research). Autorzy artykułu podejmą próbę znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak badać złożone wielopoziomowe (emergentne) zjawiska i procesy społeczno-ekonomiczne w sferze aktywności obywatelskiej.

11

The Procedure of Selecting the Values of the Work Condition parameters of the Ball-Cratering Method for the Assessment of Resistance to Abrasive Wear

63%

Osuch-Słomka E. , Słomka Z.

Tribologia

|

2022

|

tom nr 4

51--60

EN

In the example of the CrN coating deposited by the cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) method on two differently prepared substrates, the procedure for selecting the values of the work condition parameters of the ballcratering method was presented. The procedure was developed thanks to applying an individual experiment design from Taguchi's approach and has not been used to determine the values of the parameters of the operating conditions of the test friction node for tribological tests. The procedure, according to Taguchi, allowed us to determine the values of the parameters for assessing the abrasion resistance of anti-wear coatings, with the use of a much smaller number of tests, compared to the methods used so far and a repetitive wear mechanism. The starting point of the presented procedure was selecting the area of the permissible values of the operating parameters, in the ball-cratering method, in which optimal values were searched for to minimise the relative error in determining the diameters of wear marks craters. After determining the area of limit values, an experiment plan was generated in which the variables were: load, rotational speed, minimum friction path, and maximum friction path. The results of abrasive wear tests performed with the ball-cratering method, in accordance with the developed test procedure for the CrN coating – were deposited on the substrate after heat treatment and the substrate after the nitriding process had been successfully verified.

PL

Na przykładzie powłoki CrN, osadzonej metodą katodowego odparowania łukiem (CAE) na dwóch różnie przygotowanych podłożach, przedstawiono procedurę doboru wartości parametrów pracy metody ball-cratering. Procedurę opracowano dzięki zastosowaniu indywidualnego planu eksperymentu wynikającego z podejścia Taguchiego dotychczas niestosowanego do wyznaczania wartości parametrów warunków pracy testowego węzła tarcia do badań tribologicznych. Sposób postępowania według Taguchiego pozwolił na wyznaczanie wartości parametrów oceny odporności na zużycie ścierne powłok przeciwzużyciowych, przy zastosowaniu zdecydowanie mniejszej liczby prób w stosunku do dotychczas stosowanych metod oraz powtarzalnym mechanizmie zużywania. Punktem wyjścia zaprezentowanej procedury był wybór obszaru dopuszczalnych wartości parametrów pracy, w metodzie ball-cratering, w której poszukiwano wartości optymalnych ze względu na minimalizację błędu względnego wyznaczania średnic kraterów śladów zużycia. Po ustaleniu obszaru wartości wielkości dopuszczalnych wygenerowano plan eksperymentu, w którym zmiennymi były: obciążenie, prędkość obrotowa, minimalna droga tarcia i maksymalna droga tarcia. Wyniki badań zużycia ściernego wykonanych metodą ball-cratering, zgodnie z opracowaną procedurą badawczą dla powłoki CrN – osadzonej na podłożu po obróbce cieplnej oraz na podłożu po procesie azotowania, zostały pomyślnie zweryfikowane.

12

Wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące drogowych testów emisyjnych

51%

Pielecha J. , Merkisz J. , Markowski J. , Jasiński R. , Magdziak A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2016

|

tom R. 17, nr 12

1297--1303

PL

Nowe procedury badawcze wyznaczania emisji drogowej zanieczyszczeń spalin dla pojazdów osobowych mają wejść w życie w 2017 roku. Od kilku lat Komisja Europejska zajmuje się opracowaniem nowych procedur, których celem jest wykonywanie badań w warunkach drogowych. Ma to na celu określenie rzeczywistych wartości emisji spalin, co nie zawsze odzwierciedla poziom emisji spalin w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Dokładne procedury badawcze emisji zanieczyszczeń w rzeczywistych warunkach ruchu (RDE – Real Driving Emissions) nie zostały jeszcze uchwalone (w odróżnieniu do pojazdów ciężarowych, dla których takie uwarunkowania już funkcjonują), jednakże istnieją propozycje, które obecnie są analizowane przez główne ośrodki badawcze w Europie. Propozycje te różnią się między sobą, m.in. sposobem wyznaczania emisji drogowej zanieczyszczeń, oraz metodyką badań uwzględniającą np. pomiar emisji drogowej węglowodorów. W artykule porównano wyniki emisji spalin uzyskiwane w testach drogowych z wykorzystaniem najnowszych propozycji legislacyjnych odnoszących się do samochodów osobowych. Uzyskane wyniki przedstawiono w odniesieniu do następujących metod pomiarowych: metoda klasyczna wyznaczania emisji drogowej związków szkodliwych – wykorzystuje się wszystkie dane pomiarowe wyznaczając masę związków szkodliwych i przebytą drogę podczas testu; metoda uśredniania okien pomiarowych (MAV – moving average windows), zwana również w literaturze metodą EMROAD, w której wyznacza się okna pomiarowe (na podstawie danych o emisji dwutlenku węgla z testu WLTC) i na ich podstawie wyznacza się emisję drogową w teście RDE; metoda kategoryzacji mocy (Power Binning), zwana w literaturze jako CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, wyznacza się emisję spalin na podstawie kategoryzacji mocy podczas testu RDE.

EN

New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real value of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emissions) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy-Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but there are proposals that are currently being analyzed by major research centers in Europe. There are many differences between those proposals such as determining road emission or research methodology related to emission measurement of hydrocarbons. The work compares the results of emissions measured in road tests using the latest legislative proposals related to passenger cars. The results are shown in relation to the used measurement method: classic method of determining exhaust emission; uses all measurement data determining the mass of harmful compounds and distance traveled during the test; method of averaging the measuring windows, also in the literature called EMROAD method, which determines the measurement windows (on the basis of carbon dioxide emissions from the WLTC test) and on its basis determines the road emission in RDE test; generalized method of instantaneous power (Power Binning), known in the literature as CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, determines road emissions on the basis of generalized instantaneous power during the RDE test.

13

Główne podejścia oraz metody i techniki badania procesów zarządzania organizacjami

51%

Bieniok H.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2018

|

tom z. 120

15--34

PL

Autor zaprezentował tylko w zarysie podstawowe założenia metod badawczych stosowanych we wszelkich badaniach organizatorskich. Są one niestety mało znane, w związku z czym większość badań podejmowanych w naukach o zarządzaniu ma charakter płytki i niedokończony. Autorzy takich badań poprzestają na ogół tylko na zastosowaniu socjologicznych technik zbierania informacji takich jak ankieta, a przecież jest to dopiero połowa całego procesu badawczego. Brakuje im całej części analityczno-projektowej, którą silnie akcentuje prezentowana w opracowaniu metoda diagnostyczna.

EN

In the paper there is a sketch of a foundation for assumptions of research methods used in any organization research. The assumptions are not so well-known which effects in the fact that the most of organization research is not deep and not completed. The authors of such organization research used to apply only the sociological techniques, such as a survey technique. Nevertheless, it is not only a half of the whole research procedure. There is a lack of the analytical part and the design which are the elements of the presented diagnostic method.