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Právní úprava interrupcí v Polsku a (ne)možnost jejího obcházení cestou potratové turistiky

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Valc J.

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nr 8

729-752

EN

This article deals with the development of legislation on abortion in Poland which has for long been time considered one of the strictest in Europe. In this context, I focus on the recent decision of the Constitutional Tribunal which has restricted legal exceptions for providing abortions, such as developmental defects or incurable fetal diseases. I focus on the reasoning of the tribunal which relied on vagueness of the challenged provision. Despite that, I also take into account the related human rights issues such as protection of dignity and life of an unborn child. These findings are confronted with international treaties and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights which has repeatedly commented on the situation in Poland. In addition, I present not only the legal and social consequences of the further tightening of Polish abortion legislation but also their effects on the development of abortion tourism which could be, according to Czech laws, interpreted in different ways.

CS

Tento článek se zabývá vývojem právní úpravy umělého ukončení těhotenství v Polsku, která je dlouhodobě považována za jednu z nejpřísnějších v Evropě. V této souvislosti věnuji zvýšenou pozornost nedávnému rozhodnutí tamního Ústavního tribunálu, který omezil výjimky z legálního provedení interrupce, když zrušil ustanovení zakotvující důvod spočívající ve vývojových vadách či nevyléčitelné nemoci plodu. Zaobírám se především argumentací tribunálu, která se do značné míry opírá o vágnost napadeného ustanovení a řeší lidskoprávní otázky ohledně ochrany důstojnosti a života nenarozeného dítěte. Jednotlivé poznatky konfrontuji s mezinárodními smlouvami a judikaturou Evropského soudu pro lidská práva, který se k situaci v Polsku opakovaně vyjadřoval. Kromě toho poukazuji nejen na právní a společenské důsledky zpřísňování polské interrupční legislativy, ale také na její dopady na rozvoj potratové turistiky, jejíž přípustnost lze ve vazbě na české právní předpisy interpretovat různým způsobem.

2

Polské čtenářství v čase digitálních...a jak se o něm přemýšlí

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Nieć G. , Trávníček J.

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nr 1

84-102

EN

This study deals with contemporary Polish reading culture. The authors focus on three areas: (1) research at the National Library, particularly in relation to digital reading; (2) the new Polish Encyclopedia of Books (Encyklopedia książki), a work of colossal size and scope, as well as the state of current thinking on books and their social circulation, which has been fixed for some time; and (3) some individual sources of inspiration from Polish reflections and discussions on reading in the digital age. The authors examine all three areas against the backdrop of the current Czech situation, while endeavouring to ascertain the sociological causes behind the current large decline, and focusing primarily on the substantial reduction in graduates from the 40– population. One part of the study also focuses on digital reading, i.e. on how it is developing and which sectors of the Polish readership it most involves. They conclude that although the Polish readership has succeeded in slightly reducing the internal socio-demographic threshold (i.e. with the operation of progressive internal inclusion), as a whole it is fallinginto social exclusion.

3

Prodá Chudobu a koupí si Nouzín - lidová etymologie, lidová paměť a Český koutek v Kladsku

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Ptáčníková M.

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nr 2

444-455

EN

Folk etymology refers to the process of making connections between etymologically opaque words and words that despite having similar forms or meanings are etymologically different. It is a manifestation of people’s natural need to attain a clear understanding of the things that surround them, identify relationships between them, and give them an order. The first part of the study addresses folk etymology vis-à-vis folk memory. The second part focuses on folk interpretations of toponyms that were used by the inhabitants of the Czech Corner, a territory located in Kłodzko Land in what is now Poland. Arguably, the most remarkable example of these is the traditional folk interpretation of “selling Poverty to buy Need”, meaning that the financial situation of the local people was never very good. The phraseme, which contains the names of two villages on the Czech border ‒ Chudoba (EN: poverty) and Nouzín (EN: place where people are in need), is believed to be based on the common assumption that the two place names remind us of the poverty that the region faced. The reality is however that etymologically Nouzín has nothing to do with „need“. Additionally, the study deals with folk interpretations of the toponyms Pálenina, Kodrcov, Plhánek, Zámecká hora and Pec.

4

Votum důvěry? O cílech a funkcích literární historie

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Nalewajk Ż. , Čermochová K. , Słowik O.

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2017

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tom 14

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nr 27

19-31

EN

The article looks at the history of literature in contemporary times as an auto-reflexive discipline, capable of redefining its assumptions and of recovering from a crisis. The article aims to identify the causes and consequences of the crisis as well as to describe their specific character in the Polish context. The models of literary history are varied, because they are historical, which has been shown on the example of the differing methods of literary synthesis in the course of time. The article also proposes a procedure of literary analysis devoid of a historical reflection and describes its outcome.