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1
Content available From Management to Leadership
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The contemporary labor market forces managers to have the skills needed in the effective conducting of transformations within the organization. Charismatic leadership replaces traditional and the manager becomes a leader. The objective behind this paper is to demonstrate the competency and skill of the traditional manager, as it is developed to achieve the level of a leader conducting change. This publication is the end product of studies of literature, mainly English and German, in the realm of leadership in the process of change.
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The aim of this paper is to present the activity of selected group of countries Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak and Hungary for the knowledge-oriented economy. The following areas were analysed: business environment, the activity of R&D centres and the level of ICT. The confirmed level of knowledge-oriented economy is the proper economic indicator. In this case the GNP per capita, productivity and the level of foreign direct investment were assumed as the evidence.
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Content available remote Zarządzanie kapitałem ludzkim w organizacji wiedzy
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The aim of this article is to present the summary the worth, which a human capital manage create in the organization of knowledge. The paper describes human capital and knowledge, which is connected with people, who represent of that capital and with an human education. The last part contain examples, describes a practical using of knowledge in the manage.
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Periodic performance measure should be goal-congruent: it ought to motivate managers to achieve firm's goals, including its ultimate goal, i.e. NPV maximization (owners' wealth maximization). It should also be controllable and simple. There is a measure especially promising in the field of congruity - residual income and its most popular variant, economic value added (EVA&). One can distinguish three versions of EVA using three different methods of depreciation: EVA based on book depreciation (EVABV), EVA based on annuity depreciation (EVAANN) and EVA based on economic (present value) depreciation (EVAPVD). First version - EVABV - offers so called weak goal-congruence, second one - semi-strong goal-congruence and finally there is strong goal-congruence in the case of EVAPVD (with IRR as discount rate). In practice the difference in the level of congruence between EVABV and EVAANN is relatively small. They are also equally controllable because they do not include expectations concerning future performance. EVAPVD is much less controllable because of its dependency on expectations via economic (market) values. From the point of view of simplicity, EVABV is the most preferable version. EVAANN and EVAPVD are much less practical. Ultimately, it seems that EVABV can offer the most beneficial proportions of congruity, controllability and simplicity, especially if one take into account the fact that stronger congruity can be achieved by imposing a special mechanism, e.g. bonus bank.
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Harmonization of norms is one of central processes in globalized world. The main objective of the article is an attempt to answer the question if management accounting harmonization is possible and probable. In order to realize this goal the discussion was conducted presenting arguments for and against management accounting harmonization. In the latter part of the article attempts of management accounting in USA, Germany and India were presented. The third part of the article focuses on other factors apart from imposed standards may affect management accounting harmonization.
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In this study we present the results of developing the original SSPMPR methodology (Spôsoby správania v manažérskej práci – Ways of behaving in managerial work). The analysed data were got from 174 respondents, from various positions in management. The gained results claimed advisability theme of the empirical-inductive approach to defining the taxonomy of these ways along with specifying five factors – emotional factor of coping, cognitive factor of coping I, cognitive factor of coping II, behavioural factor of coping I and behavioural factor of coping II. The presented basic parameters of the developed methodology (factor structure, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, inter correlations of factors, validation study) show the suitability of this methodology for prediction and detection of the ways of solving demanding situations in managerial work, with obvious implications in performance of managers and in efficiency of business management.
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Management of housing resources is binding from the first side with rising financial assets from people who live in this particular housing resource for its maintaining and from the other side is binding with the ability of effective use and management of those financial assets. In this article the efforts on the evaluation of effectiveness of cooperative's housing resources management has been taken. Due to carried out research and also on the basis of statistical data the Authors found out that the cooperatives' housing resources are managed in a modern way, according to the legally binding law regulations in respect to the laws of the people who live in it. The excellent prove for that is the smallest exploitation fee in calculation for 1 m2 in the cooperative's housing resources. In spite of the privatization the great majority of flats are still under the cooperative management. Moreover, the administration and management costs of those resources were the lowest in comparison to the other housing resources. The equipment of cooperative's housing resources with central heating system formed itself as a beneficial effect on the background of the council housing resources and community ones. In addition to that the biggest financial inputs on renovation and modernization were noticed particularly in cooperative's housing resources. These resources can be characterized as ones that have the lowest renovation gap and the high percentage of thermo isolation in use. In the summary of the work one very essential conclusion has been drawn. It says that housing cooperatives were exactly adjusted to the actual legal solutions of this kind of entities as housing resources and they took on in many cases the management role of the housing resources. In addition to that in many categories of the management effectiveness estimation the housing cooperatives were located on the top position among the others forms of housing ownership existing on the market.
EN
The goal of this article is to present the idea of trust management at construction companies. Trust is a modern tool of management at many sectors of economy. This tool plays an important role also at construction sector. Companies which base on trust reach the competitive advantage.
EN
Each time brings changes in conditions that maintain the stability of social development. The role of the leaders of the society is to respond appropriately to these changes by changing the rules governing its functioning. In the case of large qualitative changes - and just such that are characteristic for the beginning of the 21st century - it means a radical change in society life. It is the task of leadership in the first century of the third millennium. Leadership skills of managers are essential for successful long-term development and of the organization social action (its business) and its long-term prosperity. The paper considers the synergy of management, and leadership, we also present new perspectives on the concept and role of leadership in business entities.
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The article describes the conditions of implementing the employee's participation in management and analyzes the differences that are observed in European, Japanese and American companies. Moreover, Author shows different participation approaches, connected with culture, tradition and experiences of enterprises. That's why there is no participation model, which could be recommended to be used in most global companies.
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The paper describes empirical studies devoted to an attempt at formulating a new model of future enterprise. Also, achieving what is called by G. Hamel 'Management 2.0' or, in other words, 'second generation management' was presented.
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The museum as a cultural institution was created as a part of the nation-state, according to nationalism ideology, and for the transmission of the historical heritage of a particular society and culture. It resulted in organisational assumptions as rules of practices and style of operations or management. The transformation of public management in cultural institutions, such as museums, is a part of model of the “big” transformation based on the neoliberal turnaround in thinking and acting in the late twentieth century. The paper constitutes an analysis of the mechanisms of contemporary public policies of cultural institutions. It examines the role of the museum at the market-oriented levels of analysis as production, exchange and consumption. This study is based on the desk research analysis and argues that a new identity of the museum has appeared that is still shifting towards a new direction created by the SARS-COVID-19 pandemic.
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Profit by all means is not considered the ultimate aim of today's organizations. The role of organizations has also transformed: today they are a part of social structures making influence on the society. At the same time they realize the importance of social opinion to their growth and turn to the media as a third party to form their image. This determines an attitude to creation of the organization reputation as a planned, strategic process. At the end of the 20th century the problem of information reliability and truthfulness became particularly acute, especially in advertising and public relations. The paper presents the key findings of a research on the situation of public relations in Poland. Ethical issues faced in this area are those that public relations is turning into an aggressive means to form and maintain one's image, and not a way to hear the organization's stakeholders.
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Contemporary trends in the global economy, including development of global Information technology result in more and more companies becoming global enterprises. To mark its existence on the global market, a company should not only have suitable financial means, assets and workforce but also most importantly an efficient system of management. The paper presents a following hypothesis. In order to stay ahead of their competitors, a company should have a management system which would allow them to react instantly not only to opportunities but also to existing and potential threats. The traditional organization is no longer competitive. Based on hierarchical structure it is not able to take advantage of opportunities created by globalization and protect itself from threats which may arise. Thus, transformation should take place here. Replacing a hierarchical organization (object oriented) with a flexible organization (problem oriented) seems promising. Specialist literature refers to it as a project oriented organization. The first part of the paper presents methodological problems of applying reengineering and x-engineering approaches to the transformation of the organization. The second part contains an analysis of effects and barriers of the transformation exemplified by the organization which has undergone the above mentioned process.
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This essentially polemical article questions whether the Bologna Process (BP) is necessary (and desirable) in the adaptation of universities to the new social conditions or whether it is a Trojan horse sent out to introduce neoliberal changes in the field of higher education. First, it addresses the circumstances surrounding the origins of the Bologna Declaration, demonstrating that it enabled the instrumental logic of the marketization and commodification of education to pervade universities traditionally conceived of as cultural institutions of knowledge. Then it investigates the eight declared objectives of Bologna and, finally, summarizes the consequences that can be firmly established ten years after the event. These include the fact that three of the pillars of the BP can be interpreted as responding to the requirements of neoliberal New Public Management; namely, study structure (flexibility and market-driven profiles), credits (standardization, mobility and effectiveness) and quality assurance (external control). In conclusion, the paper suggests that the BP primarily represents a problem in understanding a situation that displays signs of the radical transformation of the social function of one dimension of societal life – higher education. Although it is clearly an adaptive reaction to the (neoliberal) transformation of society, it has also become part of the ideological games played by certain special-interest groups and, as such, we must make continual attempts to gain a deeper understanding of it.
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The article presents the principles of the audit process for projects realised within the cohesion policy of the European Union, which lies with managing authorities. They are obliged to implement the programmes effectively, efficiently and properly, and in accordance with the principle of sound financial management. Managing authorities are also obliged to audit every project in which financial support of the European Union funds is involved. The author of the article presents the legal basis for auditing, its definition, objectives and institutions that are authorised to audit those projects. He also discusses types of audits and good practices on the basis of the COCOF guidelines for auditing of projects. Moreover, the author presents proposals for changes in the management and audit system for the funds to be realised in the 2014–2020 financial perspective, as well as an assessment of the proposed provisions from the perspective of their impact on the audit process.
EN
Managing portfolio on the customers' order is a service which involves investing a customers' means on their behalf and on their account in selected instruments of the financial market. The assets in question may include cash, securities and other financial instruments. The first step in the process is constructing assumptions of the investment strategy by the investor. The assumptions specify kinds of risks the investor is prepared to take and investment targets and aims. The second step in the process of the portfolio management is updating current and future conditions (financial, economic, political) by the investor. The third step is creating the portfolio itself. Considering the assumptions of investment strategy and financial market forecasts the investor specifies what securities to choose, how to carry out their allocation and on what markets. The management process aims at constructing the portfolio which would generate the highest possible rate of return at a minimum risk. The fourth step in the process is constant monitoring of the investor's needs and conditions of financial market. The element of the monitoring process is evaluation of the portfolio's profitability and comparison of results with the expectations included in the investment strategy assumptions. Professional management of the portfolio provides the investor wilh benefits resulting from specialization and knowledge of the managing firm and enables him to take advantage of dynamic development of the financial market.
EN
The aim of the study was to present advisory activities undertaken within the organizational and economic consulting in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Agricultural Advisory Centre (KPODR) for improving farm management. The sources of information were data collected by KPODR from 2011–2012. The analysis showed that the Centre plays an important role in the region to improve the management of the farms. Advisors take a lot of activities (including advice, training, conferences, studies, audits, visits to farms and Publishing) having a chance to significantly improve the quality of decisions taken at the farm, both current and long-term. Farmers cooperating with the Centre gain knowledge relevant to the current operation of farms, allowing for an assessment of the economic situation and the possibilities for further development of farms and sources of financing for planned investments.
EN
This paper focuses on modelling the real operational data of an anonymous Central European bank. We have applied the Extreme Value Theory, in which we have used two estimation methods – the standard maximum likelihood estimation method and the probability weighted moments (PWM). Our results proved a heavy-tailed pattern of operational risk data as documented by many researchers. Additionally, we showed that the PWM is quite consistent when the data is limited as it was able to provide reasonable and consistent capital estimates. Our findings show that when using the Advanced Measurement Approach rather than the Basic Indicator Approach used in Basel II, the researched bank might save approx. 6 – 8% of its capital requirement on operational risk.
EN
Contemporary understanding comprehending cost of quality is connected both with the sphere of the management, as well as the operational activity. Borders of considering the category of quality costs moved beyond the technical - technological area. Trial including costs let the quality for classifying them with reference to all action carried out in the modern enterprise. Standard models of quality costs and the activity - based costing appointed new prospects of economics of the quality in the business administration.
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