Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Obraz Niemców w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego. Analiza komentarzy użytkowników wybranych polskich portali informacyjnych

100%

Pawlak P.

Przegląd Zachodni

|

2017

|

nr 2(363)

329-343

EN

Serious migration and humanitarian crisis related to the conflict in Syria, is particularly associated with the Germans, and German politics. Therefore, attention of many observers from Europe (and not only) is focused largely on the Germans, who are thus one of the most widely commented nations. This applies especially to the Polish part of the Internet. The intent of the author is to present the image of Germans in the context of German immigration policy, that emerges from the comments in Polish news portals.

2

Rozvoj spolkové aktivity v Předlitavsku od druhé poloviny 19. století s důrazem na vznik a působení Národní jednoty pro východní Moravu

100%

Fischerová E.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

|

2018

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

7-23

EN

The paper deals with the foundation, organization and activity of the national protective association, which existed in the eastern Moravia in the period of 1885–1948. It was the National Association of Eastern Moravia and it protected the so-called “border guards” against the growing German population. The association performed economic, social and cultural activities. For instance, the members of the association participated in the censuses, helped with the organization of elections and financially supported the Czech industry. Among other things, the association provided various types of loans, was involved in education and cultural lives of the people who lived in the border regions.

3

Экономные, как немцы. Национальные стереотипы и их отражение в коннотациях этнонимов в русском и других языках

100%

Hansen B.

Acta Neophilologica

|

2006

|

nr VIII

163-173

EN

The contribution deals with ethnonyms and their relationship to ethnic stereotypes with special focus on Russian and some other European languages. It addresses both methodological and theoretical questions. First, it advocates the use of large electronic corpora for the study of stereotypical usages of ethnonyms and demonstrates how a corpus of linguistic data can enhance the study of stereotypes encoded in linguistic structures. Second, it addresses the relationship between mental stereotypes in the sense of Adam Schaff and semantic associations (connotations) encoded in polysemy, derivates and idiomatic expressions. It is argued that although many connotations indeed do reflect ethnic stereotypes, we can find other cases where the connection is only indirect or has faded away completely. The author comes to the conclusion that notwithstanding a considerable overlap connotations and tereotypes are not identical and, therefore, should be kept apart.

4

Niemiecka tożsamość narodowa a tożsamość europejska – dwa abstrakcyjne pojęcia czy określony dorobek kultury i wartości?

100%

Gortat J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne

|

2014

|

tom 10

121-142

EN

The article describes the most significant factors of the German identityconstructing process after the World War II comparing it to the same process in the European Union. It focuses above all on the official documents and acts concerning common identity and also asks a question if the process of embedding them in the European law legacy does constitute a tradition characteristic for European Union and forms its own part of its supranational identity. Finally it contains an attempt to answer the question about the future of both German and European identity.

5

Odsun německých obyvatel z Vyškovska ve vzpomínkách pamětníků

88%

Pechová J.

Národopisný věstník

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2018

|

tom 35_(77)

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nr 1

74-93

EN

When evaluating German inhabitants memories relating to the 1946 expulsion, the significant criteria are the age and the gender of those participating, which have a crucial influence on the participants´ attitude to the events they experienced. The theme of the memories includes mainly preparations for the expulsion, farewell to home, hardships on the way, circumstances of the arrival, beginnings in a foreign environment, as well as gradual assimilation and improvement in the coexistence with domestic population. Sometimes, the theme includes post-war family re-unification, renewed contacts to friends, and care of mementoes that they brought from the former fatherland with them. The older German emigrants had grievances in relation to the Czechs, which - in the case of some of them - survived until their death. The younger generation, i.e. the expulsed children at that time, shows rather nostalgia, interest in the present-day life in their home towns and villages, and new contacts to their contemporary inhabitants. The expulsion of German fellow citizens was also reflected in experiences and recollections of the Czech residents in the Vyškov area. As to the bearer´s bias and experience, the expulsion was perceived either in a positive way with feelings of satisfaction, or in a negative way with expressions of sorrow and sympathy.

6

Humor in German media coverage of Poland and Poles

88%

Jakosz M.

tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs

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2019

|

nr 12

273-295

EN

Media play a significant role in perceiving the world and constructing our conception of reality since the samples of social discourses exposed in the media have a strong influence on the shaping of the image of nations, opinions, attitudes, and hierarchies of values. The present article discusses humorous content in German press, television, and Internet coverage from recent years, which has reinforced a negative image of Poland and Poles in German minds. In the introductory part, the attention is focused on presenting the essence and functions of humor in the light of contemporary humor research, with a special emphasis placed on the interdependencies between humor, language, and discourse on the one hand, and ethnic cultures on the other, which differ in terms of preferred norms and values.

7

Manifestations of closer German-Soviet political, economic and military relations, in the years 1921-1926, from the perspective of the state security, as assessed by the Second Department of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces

88%

Landmann T. , Bastkowski P.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2017

|

tom Nr 2

16--32

EN

The article attempts to analyse the practical examples of closer political, economic and military relations between Germany and Soviet Russia, and then the Soviet Union, in the years 1921-1926. The paper lays out the thesis that the closer German-Soviet political, economic and military relations, in the years 1921-1926, posed a significant threat to the security of the Second Polish Republic. To justify the above thesis both the literature and source materials were examined, including first of all the materials held in the Central Military Archives (Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe) in Warszawa-Rembertów. The materials gathered in the groups of records of the Second Department of the Polish Army High Command and the Collections of Russian records were found out to be of key importance. The collected archival materials made it possible to identify different planes of cooperation between the Germans and the Soviets in the discussed period and to establish to what extent the Polish military intelligence was aware of the feasibility and effects of such closer relations, resulting in a direct threat to the security of the Polish state. On the basis of the presented information it can be stated that the Polish military intelligence provided an accurate diagnosis of the examples of German-Soviet cooperation, often anti-Polish in its form and character. In the years 1921-1926, this cooperation was particularly intensified, posing a threat to the security of the Second Polish Republic and leading to negotiations regarding both the western and the eastern borders of Poland established after the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Riga.

8

The patterns of recording the names of German residents in Kėdainiai in the nineteenth century: Introductory remarks

88%

Ragauskaitė A.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2018

|

tom 42

EN

The patterns of recording the names of German residents in Kėdainiai in the nineteenth century: Introductory remarksThe article analyses the patterns of recording German surnames in the town of Kėdainiai in the nineteenth century on the basis of about 350 names extracted from archival records; all of them refer to different individuals. Although the settlers of German origin who arrived in Kėdainiai from 1629 already had their surnames, the patterns of their recording varied. This is particularly obvious in cases where members of the same family (e.g. husband and wife) were recorded side by side. In some instances, the woman’s given and maiden names were omitted. Furthermore, some record files of the magistrate indicate only the surname of the litigating spouses. Also, a person (plaintiff, defendant, etc.) mentioned in one document could be referred to in a shorter, simpler or just different form in another record of the trial. More diversity can be observed in the case of the names of female members of the German community in Kėdainiai. On the 1840 list of persons who fulfilled religious rites (received communion) in Kėdainiai (in Keydan), as well as in other parish registers, the surnames of women of German ancestry appear in the same form as those of their husbands or fathers, i.e. without Slavic suffixes (unlike in the book of acts of Kėdainiai of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries). The surnames were recorded in German by persons who were ethnic Germans or had a good command of the language. Formy zapisu nazwisk mieszkańców Kiejdan pochodzenia niemieckiego w XIX wieku. Uwagi wstępneArtykuł analizuje formy zapisu niemieckich nazwisk mieszkańców Kiejdan w XIX wieku na podstawie materiału obejmującego około 350 nazw osobowych wyselekcjonowanych z zapisów archiwalnych. Pomimo tego, że osoby pochodzenia niemieckiego, które osiedlały się w Kiejdanach od 1629 roku, miały już uformowane nazwiska, sposób ich zapisu był niejednorodny. Jest to wyraźnie widoczne zwłaszcza w przypadkach, gdy członkowie jednej rodziny (np. mąż i żona) figurują w księgach obok siebie. Imię kobiety i jej nazwisko panieńskie niejednokrotnie pomijano. Niektóre zapisy ksiąg magistrackich podają jedynie nazwisko małżonków będących stroną procesu. Zdarza się również, że osoba występująca w procesie cywilnym (powód, pozwany itd.) jest określana różnie w rozmaitych zapisach odnoszących do tej samej sprawy: forma może być krótsza, prostsza lub po prostu inna. W kiejdańskich źródłach archiwalnych zaobserwowano większą rozbieżność form zapisu w przypadku niemieckich nazwisk osób płci żeńskiej. Na pochodzącej z roku 1840 liście osób, które przystąpiły do sakramentu komunii, jak również w innych księgach parafialnych nazwiska pojawiają się w identycznej formie bez względu na płeć, tzn. bez słowiańskich przyrostków żeńskich (czyli odmiennie niż w księgach kiejdańskich z XVII i XVIII wieku). Nazwiska zapisywane były przez osoby pochodzenia niemieckiego lub dobrze posługujące się niemczyzną.

9

Początki polskiej administracji na ziemi kłodzkiej po zakończeniu II wojny światowej

88%

Łagojda K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2018

|

nr 3(368)

179-196

EN

The aim of the article is to present in detail the beginnings of the Polish administration in the Kłodzko region just after the end of the Second World War. The chronological framework of the text closes in 1945. The article describes the events connected with the arrival of the representatives of the government of the Republic of Poland and their groups, as well as the Operational Groups of the Economic Committee of the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Industry. The author focuses on the development of relations between the Polish administrative apparatus and Soviet war commanders and permanent residents of the Kłodzko Land. The author presents the attitude of the German population towards the Polish government. He describes the difficulties faced by Poles in the first months after the war. An important aspect presented in the text is the struggle for the takeover of industrial plants in Kłodzko from the Soviet hands, as well as the scale of their plundering. The author hypothesizes that despite a formal handover of power by the Soviets in June1945, Poles did not exercise authority in the areas officially taken over. The act was merely a gesture. The Soviets ruled these areas informally and nothing happened without their permission. In the article, the author uses a descriptive method with a strict chronology, but also a geographical method (the specificity of the Kłodzko region as part of the Western Territories) and partly a comparative method, presenting, among other things, the activities of various public administration groups.

10

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk und die deutsch-tschechischen Beziehungen: einige Bemerkungen zu einem alten Thema

88%

Rákosník J.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2019

|

nr 30

42-51

EN

Masaryk’s attitudes changed during his life. At the same time, however, it is also possible to observe certain constants of his thinking and political attitudes on this issue. The interpretive perspectives in historiography are very different: on the one hand, there is the view that the Czech nationalist was betraying the declared humanist ideals; on the other hand, he is portrayed as an scholar exalted above nationalist animosities. It must be acknowledged that he was not always completely coherent in his attitudes and changed accents depending on political circumstances throughout his life. To emphasize these differences, Masaryk’s life is divided into three phases. As a pre-war politician, he understood Czech historical state law as a fact in which he tried to propose a compromise solution for the coexistence of both nationalities based on a high degree of district self-government, which he did not owe to any of the unmatched national camps. During the war, his arguments were dominated by international aspects and the formation of Czechoslovakia as a nation state with the status of the Germans as a minority with equal individual rights. The third part about Masaryk as an interwar president deals mainly with the reasons for the failure to build a «political» nation that would overlap ethnic differences.

11

Dwie powieści Aleksandra Tierechowa – czyli o tym, jak książka może być jednocześnie wciągająca i nieprzyjemna

88%

Lesicka O.

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2018

|

tom 11

233-254

PL

The article discusses two novels of modern Russian writer Aleksandr Terekhov – Каменный мост (Stone Bridge) and Немцы (Germans). The main aim of the article is trying to find the answer to a question how a book can be riveting and unsavory at the same time. Both books were appreciated by readers and critics and won literary awards – first in 2009 and the second in 2012. Both are very difficult to read because of the author’s specific style – combination of realistic message with modernist stream of consciousness. The writer’s style comprises also a great dose of cynicism and poisonous irony. The first novel is a sort of a journalist’s investigation and concerns the tragic accident from the Stalinist past. The second can be called a pastiche of an occupational novel and a critical look at the corruption in clerical system in Russia.

12

“I can’t speak German so I can’t communicate with them”: Language use in intergroup contact between Czechs and Germans

88%

Petrjánošová M.

Human Affairs

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2012

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tom 22

|

nr 1

69-78

EN

The aim of this article is to present empirical findings about language use and attitudes in intergroup contact from one of the European borderlands along the former Iron Curtain more than twenty years after it fell. The data was collected as part of an international research project Intergroup attitudes and intergroup contact in five Central European countries, which concentrates on the interplay of intergroup contact and perceptions between members of neighbouring nations in the border regions of the Czech Republic and each of the neighbouring states-Slovakia, Poland, Austria and Germany. The main data collection method used is an online questionnaire with different attitude and evaluation scales, as well as a feeling thermometer of emotional relations and open statements (N=2900). In this text I use thematic and basic critical discursive analysis only on the open statements from the Czech (N=210) and German (N=152) borderlands about the situations of contact and the following evaluation of the Others. I show how the linguistic competence and also the interest in the language of the Other are distributed very unevenly; the implicit norm almost always being that the Czechs should speak German. Of course, this situation has in some cases strong emotional consequences.

13

The National Association of Northern Bohemia – A Few Remarks Concerning its Foundation, Organization, and Activities

88%

Rašková E.

West Bohemian Historical Review

|

2017

|

tom 7

|

nr 1

73-93

EN

The paper deals with the foundation, organization and activity of the national protective association, which existed in the northern border regions of Bohemia in the period of 1885–1948. It was the National Association of Northern Bohemia (NANB) and it protected the so-called “border guards” against the growing German population. The association performed economic, social and cultural activities. For instance, the members of the association participated in the censuses, helped with the organization of elections and financially supported the Czech industry. Among other things, the association provided various types of loans, was involved in education and cultural lives of the people who lived in the border regions. During the Nazi occupation, the association became part of a single organization, the so-called National Association. Even though it was possible to renew the National Association of Northern Bohemia after the war, the new situation in the country were not favourable to its work and that was why its activities were completely terminated after the Communist coup in February 1948.

14

„Unser Allergnädigster Herr, Kaiser und König Franz Joseph I.“. Sprachmanipulationsmittel bei der Darstellung von Franz Joseph in der „Krakauer Zeitung“ (1916). Analyse anhand der Pressetexte über die Reaktionen von Deutschen und Polen auf Franz Josephs Tod

88%

Matyjasik K.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

|

2022

|

nr 22

125-138

EN

The main goal of present article is to investigate the means of language manipulation in the depiction of emperor Franz Joseph I, who died on November 21, 1916. The analysed texts, which were published in the first days after his death, are taken from the Austro-Hungarian daily newspaper “Krakauer Zeitung”. The focus of interest are precisely those press releases in which the reactions of Germans and Poles at the time to the death of the emperor are described. The analysis shows how the deceased Franz Joseph was portrayed in the mentioned articles. The analytical part containsreconstruction of the image of Franz Joseph from the point of view of the Germans and Poles of the times.

15

Přesídlování Čechů, Slováků, Poláků a Němců z bývalého Sovětského svazu do vlasti jejich předků

75%

Valášková N. , Pojarová T.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2009

|

tom 96

|

nr 3

225-245

EN

The article focuses on the problem of resettlement of Czechs, Slovaks, Poles and Germans who lived on the territory of the former Soviet Union, to the countries of their forefathers. It is centered especially on the period of the 1990s. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the year 1991 important streams of migration occurred, especially out of those former Soviet republics with certain ethnic minorities. The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Germany arranged conditions for the resettlement of their countrymen and their family members in the areas of legislature as well as the material support. While in the case of Czechs, Slovaks and Poles smaller groups were resettled (1–3 thousands of persons), there were about 2 millions of Germans.

16

Wielokulturowe dziedzictwo materialne Katowic

75%

Chmielewska M. , Uniwersytet Śląski W. N. o. Z.

Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej

|

2013

|

tom 2

EN

The paper applies to the city of Katowice, which in the past was a multicultural town, inhabited by Silesians, Germans, Jews and Poles at the same time, and which is today a city of one nation, inhabited by Poles. The aim of the paper was to characterize the cultural heritage left in Katowice by the former German and Jewish inhabitants. The article outlines the history of the development of the city with emphasis on the impact of people representing different cultures on the character of Katowice, presents elements of the cultural heritage left by Germans and by Jews, and discusses the value of this heritage to later generations of inhabitants of Katowice.

PL

Katowice, które w przeszłości były ośrodkiem wielokulturowym, zamieszkanym jednocześnie przez Ślązaków, Niemców, Żydów i Polaków, dziś są miastem jednonarodowym, a Polacy stanowią ponad 90% jego mieszkańców. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka dziedzictwa materialnego pozostawionego w Katowicach przez ich dawnych mieszkańców pochodzenia niemieckiego i żydowskiego. W artykule nakreślono historię rozwoju miasta z uwypukleniem wpływu społeczności poszczególnych kultur na ówczesny charakter Katowic, przedstawiono wybrane elementy poniemieckiego i pożydowskiego dziedzictwa materialnego oraz omówiono stosunek do tego dziedzictwa późniejszych pokoleń katowiczan.

17

Placówka Bolesława Prusa jako przyczynek do charakterystyki sąsiedzkich stosunków z Niemcami w Kronikach Bolesława Prusa. Rekonesans

75%

Lubczyńska-Jeziorna E.

Prace Literackie

|

2018

|

tom 58

77-87

EN

The article analyzes the Polish–German relations described by Bolesław Prus in Kroniki (Chronicles). It raises questions about how the author’s personal beliefs determine the construction of his novel characters. The author has avoided the coloured chauvinism of complaints about the increasing number of German colonists coming to the cities and provinces. Prus was aware of threats, but also saw the advantages and strengths of German organizations. Observations of neighbours and international relations were used by Prus mainly for comparisons. Prus’s chronicles and letters are a testimony to the sinusoidal variation of the author’s moods: from intoxication with greatness and modernity to emotional depression.

18

„Němečtí Židé“ v Československu v letech 1945–1948

75%

Sedlická M.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2016

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

120-131

EN

This article deals with the situation and legal status of the so-called German Jews in Czechoslovakia during 1945–1948. It focuses on Jewish survivors who declared that they had German nationality in the 1930 census. Not all Jews who had lived in pre-war Czechoslovakia were allowed (after the end of the Second World War) to take Czechoslovak citizenship. Those who were barred from doing so were largely Czechoslovak Jews with German nationality or German-speaking Jews. The article describes their efforts to obtain Czechoslovak citizenship. The author concentrates on their post-war fears of being expelled from Czechoslovakia. The article focuses on the efforts of the Jewish representatives to protect and help the German Jews.

19

„Heimat is Heimat“: “Homeland” As a Theme in the Memory of German Inhabitants who Have Remained in the Czech Lands

75%

Nosková J.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

|

2018

|

tom 28

|

nr 3

184 - 197

EN

The Czech lands‘ borderland underwent an essential social and cultural transformation between 1945–1946, which was determined by expatriation of most inhabitants of the German origin, as well as by new arrivals, formation of the “Iron Curtain”, and socialization of agriculture. In the public discourse, an image about uprooted borderland was created after 1989. The study deals with how the homeland is thematised by inhabitants of the German origin and their descendants, who were allowed to stay in the Czech lands‘ borderland after 1945/1946 but whose all lived world significantly changed after 1945. The empiric materials includes interviews with eight persons, made using the method of oral history. The author divides the narration about homeland into three groups (according to the time, space, and social and cultural sphere), and as an independent category she sorts out the narrations in which the relation to homeland is compared between those who have remained, and those who had to leave. The author also asks whether it is possible to use the narration about homeland, the “Heimat” concept, for an analysis, which she confirms. The analysis of the material shows that the “homeland” is mostly thematised in connection with its social and cultural components, and that it is most suitable to use the term “displacement” to interpret the narratives.

20

O KŁAMSTWIE, KŁAMSTWIE I KŁAMSTWIE. MEANDRY PA-MIĘCI W KAMIENIU MARIUSA VON MAYENBURGA

75%

Tkaczyk K.

Conversatoria Litteraria

|

2016

|

tom 10

|

nr -

253-262

PL

The author of this article analyses The Stone, a play by Marius von Mayenburg, a renowned and highly acclaimed German playwright, dramatist and director. He perceives this work as a reckoning with Germany’s national so-cialist past. Through the prism of three generations of the Heising family, Mayenburg exposes the mechanisms at work in the creation of a family legend (“we are decent people; we were never Nazis; we helped the Jewish people”), which turns out to be merely a product of distortion and misrepresentation of historical truth, and an attempt to avert the blame.