Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ikonicita v mluveném rozhovoru

100%

Ogden R.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2016

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tom 99

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nr 1

2-18

EN

Most studies of iconicity have used decontextualised speech to test whether particular prosodic parameters are hearable as conveying particular types of message. Research into how iconicity functions in conversational data is lacking, partly because those working on conversation have been concerned to explore the social and structural underpinnings of prosody in conversation, while those working on iconicity have tended to do so in using experimental frameworks. In this paper, we review claims about iconicity in literature from phonology and pragmatics, and evaluate these claims through the lens of findings from the study of talk-ininteraction. We will show that many of the claimed functions of iconicity are handled differently in spoken interaction than is assumed in the literature; and that iconicity only provides weak explanations of many attested [form : meaning] mappings in conversation.

2

The sequencing of adverbia clauses of time in academic English : Random forest modelling of conditional inference trees

100%

Rezaee A. A. , Golparvar S. E.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2016

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tom Vol. 4, No. 2

225--244

EN

Adverbial clauses of time are positioned either before or after their associated main clauses. This study aims to assess the importance of discourse-pragmatics and processing-related constraints on the positioning of adverbial clauses of time in research articles of applied linguistics written by authors for whom English is considered a native language. Previous research has revealed that the ordering is co-determined by various factors from the domains of semantics and discourse-pragmatics (bridging, iconicity, and subordinator) and language processing (deranking, length, and complexity). This research conducts a multifactorial analysis on the motivators of the positioning of adverbial clauses of time in 100 research articles of applied linguistics. The study will use a random forest of conditional inferencje trees as the statistical technique to measure the weights of the aforementioned variables. It was found that iconicity and bridging, chich are factors associated with discourse and semantics, are the two most salient predictors of clause ordering.

3

The expressions of spatial relations during interaction in American Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, and Turkish Sign Language

100%

Arik E.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2012

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tom 48

179-201

EN

Signers use their body and the space in front of them iconically. Does iconicity lead to the same mapping strategies in construing space during interaction across sign languages? The present study addressed this question by conducting an experimental study on basic static and motion event descriptions during interaction (describer input and ad-dressee re-signing/retelling) in American Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, and Turkish Sign Language. I found that the three sign languages are similar in using classi-fier predicates of location, orientation, and movement, predominantly employing an egocentric (viewer) perspective but also a non-egocentric perspective, and using similar mapping strategies regardless of interlocutor positions. However, these three sign languages differ from each other in the effects of location and orientation of the objects in pictures and movies, the descriptions of picture (states) vs. movie (motion events), and describer input vs. addressee retellings in their mapping strategies. This study contrib-utes to our knowledge of how the expressions of spatial relations are conveyed in natural human language.

4

Kolektivní paměť, prostor a významy. Případ náměstí Svobody v Budapešti

88%

Oláh G.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2013

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tom 49

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nr 5

729-751

EN

When refl ecting on the relationship between urban space and collective memory, sociological discourses are challenged by cultural material objects like statues and memorials that, instead of consensus and unity, create conflict and a plurality of arguments. In this article the author examines the process of the formation of hidden cultural meanings and their influence on the action of carrier groups and the practices of remembering. He interprets the relationship between collective memory and urban space not as a constant one but as a dynamic process. A space is defined by the carrier group that uses it and the group is formed by a collective memory that is influenced by strong meanings. The case of the attack on Liberty Square and on the Memorial of Soviet heroes in Budapest is analysed by defining hidden meanings narrated by different carrier groups. The square is a space filled with strong and iconic meanings that are hidden beneath different layers of the past. The power of extraordinary events brings these meanings to the surface and creates conflict between different carrier groups.

5

Left/right and front/back in sign, speech, and co-speech gestures: What do data from Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language, Turkish, Croatian, and English reveal?

88%

Arik E.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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tom 47

442

EN

Research has shown that spoken languages differ from each other in their representation of space. Using hands, body, and physical space in front of signers to represent space, do sign languages differ from each other? To what extent are they similar to spoken languages in their expressions of spatial relations? The present study targeted these questions by exploring the descriptions of static situations in sign languages (Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language) and spoken languages, including co-speech gestures (Turkish, Croatian, and English). It is found that signed and spoken languages differ from each other in their linguistic constructions for the left/right and front/back spatial relation. They also differ from one another in their mapping strategies. Crucially, being a signer does not require more direct iconic mappings than a speaker would use. It is also found that co-speech gestures can complement spoken language descriptions.

6

Peircean Metaphor Reexamined: Creation, Function and Interpretation

88%

Shirmahaleh S. M. S.

Filozofia i Nauka

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2019

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tom 7

7

‘I Bet They Are Going to Read It’: Reported Direct Speech in Titles of Research Papers in Linguistic Pragmatics

88%

Pułaczewska H.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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tom 5

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nr 2

271-291

EN

Titles of research articles in the humanities, including linguistics, tend to be more creative and less informative than corresponding titles in exact sciences or medicine. In linguistics, pragmatic studies are an area where reported discourse, i.e. direct speech in the form of a full speech act, occurs relatively frequently in titles of research papers. This paper analyses the metonymic and cataphoric relations between such titles and article texts on the background of the functions of text titles. It also presents the results of a survey conducted among graduate students and aimed at finding out whether titles containing reported discourse in the form of speech acts are easier to memorize and attract more attention among the articles' potential readers.

8

A Note on Iconicity and Motivation of Expression

88%

Pawelec A.

Research in Language

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2007

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tom 5

205-212

EN

While iconic effects can be detected at all levels of linguistic analysis, according to the standard position they have little, if any, relevance for the system of language. I would like to show that iconicity seems marginal only in static approaches. Motivation of form is central whenever a new way of expressing things is looked for. Once we see that language is about finding new means of expression, the obvious question to ask is what makes these means suitable: why they are accepted as satisfactory ‘vehicles’ of meaning. From this point of view, the issue of iconicity – correspondence of form and meaning – turns out to be an instance of a more general phenomenon: adequacy of symbols for novel tasks. The interactive theory of metaphor will be presented to substantiate the claim that conventional forms and meanings can be viewed as a reservoir of motives for expressive purposes.

9

Phonaesthetic Phonological Iconicity in Literary Analysis Illustrated by Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber”

88%

Gwóźdź M. , University J. , Maja Gwóźdź is a BA student at the Jagiellonian University C. H. a. i. i. m. d. p.

Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre

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2014

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tom 2

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nr 2

EN

The article offers a phonosemantic analysis of Angela Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber.” The phonosemantic investigation has been based on the corpus of nineteen relevant sound-related descriptions of the sea. Although most excerpts identified contain aural metaphors and are not phonologically iconic per se, there seem to exist at least three fragments which are particularly interesting from a phonosemantic point of view. Most notably, phonaesthemes /gl/, /l/, /r/ have been found to carry substantial meaning contributing to the overall interpretation of the story in question. Accounting for the inevitable subjectivity concerning iconicity, and in this case phonological iconicity, a few theories are presented in order to support the author’s reading of each phonaestheme’s contextual significance. The paper briefly reviews the chronological development of the field of phonosemantics and then combines the aural images theory (proposed by Richard Rhodes) with the “aural semiotic process” theory (the term coined by the author). Each analysis is further supplemented with scholarly views on respective phonaesthemes. On the whole, the paper does not aim to polemicize with the well-established definition of a phoneme and its generally accepted arbitrariness. Nevertheless, it has been observed that a speculative phonosemantic analysis of a literary work may yield noteworthy results.

10

Formalne i semantyczne aspekty eksperymentów graficznych ze strukturą wyrazu. Analiza na przykładzie tytułów prasowych

88%

Libura A. , Kamińska A.

Język a Kultura

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2015

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tom 25

215-230

EN

The paper discusses graphic experiments with the word structure that can be found in Polish newspaper headlines. In the first part, a preliminary formal typology of these experiments is presented. In the second part, some phenomena closely related to graphic experiments with the word structure in newspaper headlines are analyzed, namely iconicity and conceptual blending. The paper also explores the function and context of the graphic experiments in question, such as the condensation of multiple senses, and their attractiveness to the contemporary audience, familiar with multimodal discourse.

11

From icon to punk portrait: The iconicity of the ruler image in the context of the transformation of the idea of the Serbian state

75%

Bogusławska M.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2019

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tom 19

EN

From icon to punk portrait: The iconicity of the ruler image in the context of the transformation of the idea of the Serbian stateThe article describes transformation in the iconographic forms of power representations in Serbian culture as determinants of the evolution of the idea of the State and Serbian political culture. In visual terms, the key stages of their development correspond to the genealogical dynastic image of the religious character (loza) in the middle ages, and the “disenchanted” historical and representative portrait of a ruler that was subordinated to the national idea on the threshold of modernity. These forms not only participate in the establishment of political leadership and the creation of the field of power, but they also stimulate their change. The author examines these issues from the perspective of visual studies, which problematize the phenomenon of the performativity of the image. A particular variation of the performativity of the image is iconicity, understood as drafting and making present reality using esthetic and visual values. The aim of the analysis is to show how the local, namely Serbian, pattern of culture of power models the universal mechanisms of forming and legitimizing the authority of the State. Od ikony do punk portretu. Ikoniczność wizerunku władcy w kontekście przemian idei państwa serbskiegoArtykuł dotyczy przeobrażeń ikonograficznych form reprezentacji władzy w kulturze serbskiej jako wyznaczników ewolucji idei państwa oraz kultury politycznej Serbów. W wymiarze wizualnym kluczowym etapom ich rozwoju odpowiadają: w średniowieczu genealogiczny wizerunek dynastyczny o charakterze religijnym (loza), a u progu nowożytności „odczarowany” portret historyczny i reprezentacyjny władcy, podporządkowany idei narodowej. Formy te uczestniczą w stanowieniu przywództwa politycznego i wytwarzaniu pola władzy oraz stymulują ich zmianę. Autorka rozpatruje te zagadnienia z perspektywy visual studies, które problematyzują zjawisko performatywności obrazu. Jej szczególną odmianą jest ikoniczność, rozumiana jako stanowienie i uobecnianie rzeczywistości za pomocą wartości estetycznych, wizualnych. Celem analizy jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób lokalny, tj. serbski wzór kultury władzy modeluje uniwersalne mechanizmy formowania i legitymizacji autorytetu państwa.

12

Ikoniczność, metonimia i metafora w znakach polskiego języka migowego oznaczających mówienie

75%

Linde-Usiekniewicz J. , Mostowski P.

Poradnik Językowy

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2022

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tom 792

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nr 3

23-41

EN

This is the fi rst in a planned series of papers dedicated to Polish Sign Language (PJM) signs denoting speech. It presents an analysis of twenty different signs attested in the Polish Sign Language Corpus (KPJM) in terms of iconicity as well as metonymies and metaphors used in their formation. The conducted analysis showed that two classes of signs can be distinguished in the examined material: iconic signs making use of metonymy and signs motivated by a conceptual metaphor. The former refer exclusively to the production of speech as opposed to signing: the vehicle is the phonetic act (mouth movement or air movement). Metaphoric signs, in turn, consistently rely on the conduit metaphor, refer to both spoken and signed utterances, and focus on transmission of a semantic content.

13

The Concept of Timelessness Applied to Advergames

75%

Mago Z.

Acta Ludologica

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2018

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tom 1

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nr 2

18-33

EN

Advergames have been appearing alongside digital games since the very beginning. Although they had been originally created as marketing tools, their gaming nature has made from them an important part of digital-gaming industry heritage. At the same time, advergames, which persisted over time, may represent significant advantages for the brands they promote. The aim of the study is an examination of advergames’ timelessness based on a theoretical framework and a qualitative-quantitative content analysis of advergames released across their history up to 2000, taking into account aspects of both digital games’ and advertising timelessness. Besides general popularity, archetypal character, current playability and preservation, the analysis also focuses on the advergame design and brand implementation forms.

14

Poetka w świetle językoznawstwa

63%

Skibski K.

Forum Poetyki

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2021

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nr 26

124-133

EN

The article is a review of sorts; it reflects on a poetry-based consideration of modern linguistics. The renowned linguist Elżbieta Tabakowska focuses in her book on some of the key problems of the grammar of poetry. Her poems become the basis for analyses, which allows one to consider here the difference between a poetic book equipped with linguistic commentary and a (popular) linguistic monograph, interspersed with perfectly harmonious poems. This differentiation proves to be too simple, however, which demonstrates the exceptionality of the book under review.

PL

Artykuł jest swoistą recenzją, w której rozpatruje się specyfikę spojrzenia na językoznawstwo współczesne w odniesieniu do poezji. Elżbieta Tabakowska – wybitna lingwistka – rozważa w książce kilka ważnych problemów związanych z gramatyką poetycką. Przykładami analizowanymi (i dołączanymi do samodzielnych analiz) są wiersze autorki, co pozwala na rozważanie w niniejszym szkicu różnicy między książką poetycką opatrzoną komentarzem językoznawczym, a monografią językoznawczą (o walorach popularyzatorskich) inkrustowaną doskonale zharmonizowanymi wierszami. Okazuje się jednak, że to rozróżnienie jest zbyt proste, co dowodzi wyjątkowości omawianej książki.

15

Poster, Poster on the Wall, Do You Really Mean it All? Decoding Visual Metaphor ‘Global Warming’ in Public Awareness Campaigns

63%

Platonova M.

Research in Language

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2019

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tom 17

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nr 2

147-166

EN

The tendency to create messages using the elements belonging to different semiotic systems shifts our perception of a communicative act, contributing to the establishment of multimodal and intersemiotic communication practice. A visual metaphor is seen as one of the instances of a multimodal and intersemiotic message, which generates a text that is revealed gradually, uncovering numerous layers of meaning encoded within a metaphor and within visual, linguistic, and spatial settings it is placed in. The paper sets out to explore the notion of a visual metaphor and focuses on the application of the visual metaphor ‘global warming’ on posters created for the needs of public awareness campaigns, investigating simultaneous manifestation of iconic and metaphorical mappings in the given visual metaphor.

16

The role of the iconicity of sound within the multisensory environment

63%

Haverkamp M.

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2022

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tom Vol. 33, nr 1

art. no. 2022106

EN

The iconicity of perceived content includes all associative aspects that are intuitively attributed to the stimuli. Sound thus communicates information on the nature of its source. Associative content is essential for the fit of specific sounds in the total background and in the whole multisensory environment. Psychoacoustic parameters of sound contribute to the overall perceptual appearance of auditory elements, but iconicity and semantic content are determining the meaning of sound, which is most important to the listener. An objective iconicity analysis is introduced for the assessment of multisensory aspects of an environment. It is configured for the intuitive selection of appropriate images from a large dataset. In contrast to the common procedure of image-based soundscape analysis, the pictures refer to perceived single aspects, features of materials touched, functional aspects of processes, and emotions. It has successfully been applied to visual and tactile stimuli. Its expected benefit for sound evaluations is discussed.

17

TERMINOLOGICZNE KONFUZJE WOKÓŁ ZAGADNIENIA RELACJI WERBALNO-WIZUALNYCH: EKFRAZA A INTERSEMIOTYCZNOŚĆ, INTERMEDIALNOŚĆ, OBRAZOWOŚĆ, IKONICZNOŚĆ

62%

Słodczyk R.

Porównania

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2018

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tom 22

|

nr 1

107-125

EN

This article focuses on the relationship between the sphere of the word and the domain of the image. It presents the terms associated with verbal-visual connections employed in the field of literary, comparative and interdisciplinary research. Attention is drawn to the multiplicity of concepts in use; the article juxtaposes them with each other, identifies their connotations, determines whether they are operational and comments on their possible synonymity. In particular, the paper analyses the terms ‘intersemioticity’, ‘interartisticism’ and ‘intermediality’ as well as ‘pictorialism’, ‘imagery’ and ‘iconicity’; it also discusses the notion of pictorial allusion. Apart from organizing the research field and turning a spotlight on important studies less known in Polish scholarly literature, the aim is to locate the phenomenon of ekphrasis in this terminological network.

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się na problematyce związków pomiędzy sferą słowa a sferą obrazu. Przedmiotem badania stają się terminy funkcjonujące w obszarze badań literaturoznawczych, komparatystycznych i interdyscyplinarnych, dotyczące powiązań werbalno-wizualnych. Zwraca się uwagę na wielość stosowanych pojęć, zestawia się je ze sobą, określa ich konotacje oraz operatywność, ustala relacje semantyczne między nimi. Chodzi w szczególności o namysł nad terminami „intersemiotyczność”, „interartystyczność” i „intermedialność” oraz „obrazowość”, „malarskość” i „ikoniczność”; następuje także odniesienie do pojęcia aluzji piktorialnej. Artykuł ma na celu – obok uporządkowania pola badawczego i przybliżenia ważnych, a mniej znanych na polskim gruncie rozstrzygnięć – ulokowanie w omawianej sieci terminologicznej zjawiska ekfrazy.

18

Poetyka pojemników i prefiksów odczasownikowych

44%

Muskat-Tabakowska E.

Forum Poetyki

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2021

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nr 26

6-17

EN

The article illustrates the thesis – which has been put forward in recent years by many linguists and literary scholars – that a closer connection between linguistics and literary studies may prove useful and inspiring for both fields. The analysis of Julian Tuwim’s poem Życie [Life] demonstrates that such interdisciplinary, or in fact transdisciplinary, methodological framework combining poetics and linguistics, and specifically cognitive linguistics, proves very productive. The English translation of Tuwim’s poem is also analyzed in the article. A review of various studies in cognitive linguistics shows that the “poetics of grammar” in the poem in question is achieved by means of: (i) verbal prefixes, (ii) verbal aspect, and (iii) quantitative iconicity of sequence. The (intuitive, impressionistic) interpretations of Życie quoted in the article turn out to be fully consistent with the grammatical interpretation. The English translation of the poem discussed in the final part of the article proves inadequate, not because of the incompetence of the two translators, but because of systemic grammatical discrepancies. Therefore, it further supports the thesis that a significant part of the meaning of the analyzed poem is contained in its grammatical structure. The poet’s (and the reader’s) intuition confirms the linguistic analysis, and the linguistic analysis validates theoretical and literary interpretations.

PL

Artykuł jest ilustracją tezy – wysuwanej w ostatnich latach przez wielu językoznawców i badaczy literatury – że ściślejsze powiązanie językoznawstwa i teorii literatury może się okazać pożyteczne i inspirujące dla obu stron. Ilustrację celowości takich inter-, czy też raczej transdyscyplinarnych badań wiążących poetykę z językoznawstwem, zwłaszcza w jego współczesnym kognitywistycznym wydaniu, stanowi analiza wiersza Juliana Tuwima Życie, wzbogacona o przekładoznawczą interpretację jego tłumaczenia na język angielski. Analiza przeprowadzona z pozycji językoznawstwa kognitywnego pokazuje, że „poetyka gramatyki” realizuje się w omawianym wierszu za pomocą trzech środków: prefiksów czasownikowych, aspektu czasownika oraz ikoniczności ilościowej i sekwencyjnej. Przytaczane w dalszych partiach tekstu (intuicyjne, impresjonistyczne) interpretacje Życia okazują się w pełni zgodne z interpretacją gramatyczną. Omawiany w części końcowej anglojęzyczny przekład wiersza jest nieadekwatny, nie z braku kompetencji dwójki tłumaczy, lecz z powodu systemowych rozbieżności gramatycznych. Jest to zatem dodatkowy argument na poparcie tezy, że istotna część znaczenia analizowanego wiersza zawiera się w jego strukturze gramatycznej. Intuicja poety – oraz jego czytelników – potwierdza wyniki analizy językoznawczej, a językoznawcze analizy uprawomocniają interpretacje teoretycznoliterackie.