Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

UNUSUAL TIMELINESS OF EDWARD ABRAMOWSKI'S THOUGHT (Niezwykla aktualnosc mysli Edwarda Abramowskiego)

100%

Szarfenberg R.

|

tom 10

37-51

EN

Edward Abramowski (1868-1918) was a Polish socialist thinker whose ideas became timely again after the welfare state crisis in the West and the collapse of communism in the East Europe. His political theory was based on strong assumption that socialism is an economic and moral ideal which can be achieved only without the state interference. The latter as territorially organized legal coercion contradicts individual freedom, innovation, solidarity and social development. An expression of that perspective was a strategy of restraining state and bureaucracy by politics and by development of consumer cooperative movement. All spontaneous social activity was admired by Abramowski, but he emphasized economic potential of cooperatives which can lead to all-embracing anticapitalist social organization. He pointed out weaknesses of social democracy and communism especially their excessive faith in state organized economy and society which leads in practice to despotism and not to human emancipation. Abramowski's antistatism, his support for mobilization of civil society in economic activity and emphasis on ethical dimension of social change are responsible for the timeliness of his thought in contemporary discussions about social employment, social economy, social responsibility of business and cooperative movement's perspectives in Poland.

2

PRI STOLE PRACUJÚCICH ALEBO TEKVICA AKO ANANÁS

100%

Zajonc J.

|

2006

|

tom 13

|

nr 2

188-205

EN

The contribution deals with a limited or selected choice of the certain kinds of food for the various social groups during socialism. The author pays attention to the obtaining and preparation of a food. The author analyzes the selected set of the culinary recipes and makes the conclusions concerning the relation between the developmental conditions (economic system, socio-cultural processes) and the manifestations of culinary culture during 1970s and 1980s in the former Czechoslovakia. He also considers the function of a food as a sign of the social status. The annex includes 24 food recipes of the investigated group with commentaries.

3

Rewolucja „Solidarności” (1980-1981). Punkty zwrotne

100%

Antoni D.

|

2010

|

nr 2(14)

13-34

EN

A wave of strikes in the summer of 1980 and which were the consequence of the birth of "Solidarity" was an event that many historians and political scientists considers appropriate beginning the agony of the system of real socialism in Central and Eastern Europe. not is no, and probably will not be complete agreement as to which factor played a the most important role in the birth of the largest social movement in the past Polish history.

4

VZTAH K PAMÁTKÁM (ZEJMÉNA ŽIDOVSKÝM) V ČESKÝCH ZEMÍCH V OBDOBÍ (RADIKÁLNÍHO) SOCIALISMU – POHLED STÁTNÍCH ORGÁNŮ

100%

Soukupová B.

|

nr 2

45 - 62

EN

The text initially analyses what the term “historic site of interest” included during individual phases of modern Czech history. It also describes how and why spontaneous interest in historic monuments transformed into scientific interest. However, the text mainly focuses on the attitude of Czech society towards historic sites of interest and historical preservation after the Second World War. The paper clarifies why Prague monuments of the highest possible national value (Old Town Square, Prague Castle, Karolinum, Bethlehem Chapel, Hvězda Summer Palace) received the most attention primarily. It also clarifies the importance state bodies credited to minor (mainly Jewish) historic sites of interest, both in Prague and in the regions. The text states that although selected Jewish historic monuments in Prague were repaired in the 1950s, because it was assumed that they would be used in the field of tourism, others (including those that were of interest to tourists) were left to fall into disrepair. Terezín received attention for ideological reasons. However, its historical value was used for propaganda purposes. Victims of the Shoa were described as fighters for socialism in the 1950s. The post-war condition of Jewish historic sites of interest in the regions can be described as catastrophic, during which time only two regional synagogues were repaired during socialism (in Plzeň and Holešov). The devastation of unprotected Jewish cemeteries, which were usually located in remote areas, also continued. The gravestones in these cemeteries became sought-after building material. Indications of changes to come in relation to regional Jewish historic sites of interest only appear at the end of the so-called normalisation period.

5

MATURITNÍ ZKOUŠKA V ČESKOSLOVENSKÉM ODBORNÉM ŠKOLSTVÍ V LETECH 1948–1953

100%

Šimáně M.

|

tom 72

|

nr 1

101 - 127

EN

The study focuses on a topic from the history of teaching methods in the field of secondary vocational education. Specifically, it focuses on the school-leaving exams conducted in vocational education in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948–1953. Its goal is to capture the form of the matura (school-leaving) exam in this period, its organization and course. At the same time, however, the text also focuses on the practice by which the communist regime in Czechoslovakia influenced the matura exams, including the reasons for this practice. The study is based on data obtained mainly through the content analysis of documents from the period. Specifically, a number of legislative standards, various laws, directives, decree, etc., especially in the field of education, and several contemporary periodicals focused on the issue of (vocational) education. The research carried out brings new results, which have not yet been published anywhere, on two levels. On the one hand, it provides an insight into the implementation of the matura examination in vocational education in the first years of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, when, for example, the so-called practical examination was introduced as part of the matura examination. On the other hand, it brings the knowledge that the communist government did not perceive the school-leaving exams only as a means of enabling pupils to have a final evaluation of their knowledge and skills acquired during their studies in one of the fields of vocational education, but also as a tool for strengthening economic or political goals, generally to consolidate their power, for example, by restricting the possibility of repeating the matura exam or by evaluating the pupil’s ideological attitudes towards the new state system and socialist ideas in general.

6

Doktryna faszyzmu w ujęciu polskiego solidaryzmu według myśli prawnej Leopolda Caro

88%

Fiktus P.

|

2011

|

tom 33

239-250

EN

Analyzing the works of Polish solidarists, we can find many references to other — sometimes mutually exclusive — ideological currents. However, as far as the economic aspects of the solidarist doctrine are concerned, we can easily detect especially strong connections with corporatism which was also repeatedly referred to by representatives of Italian Fascism. The principal ideologue of Polish solidarism — Professor Leopold Caro — perceived corporatism as a so-called “Third Way,” constituting the ideological alternative positioned between liberalism and socialism. In all his most important works — such as Thoughts of a Japanese on Poland, Solidarism, New Ways or Towards New Poland — he repeatedly made approving references to Italian Fascism or to Benito Mussolini. His main analysis of the phenomenon of Fascism can however be found in the publication titled Social and Economic Reforms of Fascism. The most important element of the analysis of Fascism as presented by Leopold Caro was the comparison of this Italian doctrine with socialism, and particularly liberalism, regarding the issue of social and economic rights in the context of labor relations. Analyzing the social-and-economic policies undertaken by Benito Mussolini, Leopold Caro pointed out their dualist character, involving, on one hand, gaining the approval of the group of leading industrialists (right after the conclusion of military hostilities when the specter of Communist revolution was seemingly looming), and, on the other, exerting a pressure on the industrialists in order to force them to recognize social rights. Another issue, which was approvingly acknowledged by the Polish solidarist, concerned the separation of economic aspects in which there existed a possibility of governmental intervention with simultaneous protection and development of private initiatives. Attempting to transplant Italian solutions onto Polish ground, Leopold Caro finally concluded that it is currently impossible to achieve due to the fact Polish society was simply not prepared for such radical changes and required substantial transformation before they could take place.

7

JEWISH POLITICAL LIFE IN POLAND ON THE EVE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR

88%

POLONSKY A.

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

|

2022

|

tom 13

4-16

EN

The increasingly critical situation of the Jewish minority and the bankruptcy of the previously dominant political orientations within the Jewish community created a new set of opportunities for a group, the General Jewish Workers’ Alliance, or Bund which had played only a marginal role in both Polish and Jewish politics between 1920 and 1935. The growing strength of the Bund was clearly evident in the municipal elections of late 1938 and early 1939 which saw it emerge as the largest Jewish party in towns such as Warsaw, Łódź, Vilna and Białystok. This article seeks to evaluate the Bund’s reaction to its heightened importance in Jewish politics in Poland.

8

OBRAZ BRATISLAVY V DRAMATICKEJ TVORBE VILIAMA KLIMÁČKA

88%

Nagyová N.

|

nr 3

314 – 324

EN

The aim of the article is to outline the problem of the urban topos in dramatic writing. The analysis is conducted on two plays by Viliam Klimáček, namely his Ginsberg v Bratislave (Beat Generation 1965) [Ginsberg in Bratislava (Beat Generation 1965); 2008] and Socík, sladký socík (alkoholický sprievodca socialistickou Bratislavou) [Socialism, sweet socialism (An alcoholic guide to socialist Bratislava); 2016] both of which deal with the socialist era. The introductory part of the article concentrates on Klimáček’s personal relationship to Bratislava and on specific locations portrayed in the two plays. The section devoted to the basic theoretical foundations of the problem of space in literature and drama concentrates mainly on the structuring of the dramatic text. It addresses the specific character of such a text as well as its dual form of existence (as a written text and as a stage production) that substantially influence the problematic portrayal of the urban setting. The textual handling of the space is confronted with its stage realisation which differs from the written form of the play. The differences once again testify to the dual character of the dramatic text which is written as a literary piece, but is prototypically realised on the stage.

9

O zajkovi a medveďovi: k problematike tematického vymedzenia politickej anekdoty

88%

Šipöczová E.

|

tom 23

|

nr 3

197 – 205

EN

The contribution is devoted to the delimitation of the political anecdote and the joke. In the introduction, it Publisher an overview of the Slovakian and Czech literature, and a brief overview of the world literature. Based on the concept of Umberto Eco´s over-interpretation shows that the content as a basic identification symbol constitutes often an insufficient criterion. Therefore, the limits of the political anecdote are searched in other properties of the Slovakian prosaic folklore and anecdote as an independent genre. The author defines the above based on the political and social conditionality of the period, in which the anecdote was and is living, as well as based on its bearer, performance, function and other features. She highlights the problematic or unclear limits for the definitiv of the monitored phenomenon in respect to the period and its character. As an example, she uses materials from the period of the real socialism in Czechoslovakia as well as those from the present age, which have been collected in the field research to a dissertation thesis. She sets the anecdotes beside each other, pointing to thein common and different properties, their place in the society and their different or same perception.

10

ŠTÁTNY PEDAGOGICKÝ ÚSTAV A PRÍPRAVA UČEBNÍC V ROKOCH 1947 – 1952

88%

Gabčo M.

|

tom 25

|

nr 2

495 - 532

EN

This submitted contribution deals with the participation of the National institute for Education in school-books preparing. After the WWII there was serious lack of school-books related to many subjects or using of them was politically incorrect. After the installation of communist regime many school-books or studying-texts were not compatible with newly adopted school curriculums. This problem was a result of more and more intensive enforcement of ideological demands. Both official tasks – revision of already existing school-books and creating /with research/ new texts – were the important professional base of the National Institute for Education, especially after the year 1949. The participation of this pedagogical institution in described activities took two main forms – official management of many review procedures in case of individual authors (but in case of authors groups too) and guaranteeing of commissions for school-books creating. Every author was in process of school-book writing, obliged to cooperate with the National Institute for Education. But no every school-book, planned to the start of the school year 1950/1951, was released in proper time, because the process of their preparation was complicated by spectrum of problems and complications.

11

TRADITIONALITY AND FOLKLORIZATION OF HOLIDAYS IN SOCIALISM - TWO CASES FROM SLOVENIA (Tradicnost a folkorizacia sviatkov v socializme - dva priklady zo Slovinska)

75%

Habinc M.

|

nr 4

466-481

EN

In article the authoress tries to illustrate three socialist metaphors for various attitudes towards state centre as Deema Kaneff articulated three various socialist constructions of the past - history, folklore and tradition. Presented case study is based on seasonal holidays, which inhabitants of smaller Slovenian town Brezice have celebrated in the first decades after the Second World War. Mostly by comparing St. Roch's feast and Carnival celebrations the authoress compares pre- and post-war organization and performances at the holidays, their scenarios and their meanings for various groups of people. After the World War II the feast of St. Roch became restricted to private domains or to places owned by the churches and performed only by the alternative groups of people. In the early years of socialism Carnival was also considered as a tradition. But since its celebrations were mostly public and massive the tradition had to be transformed into folklore. Traditionality and folklorization of holidays are considered in the article and at the end of the text they are interpreted from the point of folklorism, heritage and legitimacy of tradition.

12

HOUSING CONSTRUCTION AND THE ROLE OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT IN LJUBLJANA UNDER SOCIALISM

75%

Piškurić J.

|

nr 2

117 – 139

EN

After World War II, the improvement of housing conditions was one of the Yugoslav political and social care priorities. Although the guidelines for housing development were politically planned, the authorities had to adapt to the increasing demand of the growing population. The shift in housing policy from the 1960s made it possible for Slovenian architects to apply the idea of a neighbourhood unit in organized housing construction. Planned along major arterial roads into Ljubljana, the new neighbourhood units were envisaged to meet all the workers’ needs, offering housing with the infrastructure necessary for quality living. They never fully developed into social hubs with all public services; nevertheless, they still represented a huge change in quality of life. Over the decades, new neighbourhoods significantly changed the appearance of Ljubljana.

13

IDEAS, REALITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT OF THE SOCIAL STATE IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC OF 1939-1945

75%

Hallon Ľ. , Schvarc M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

|

2015

|

tom 63

|

nr 5

901 – 937

EN

The conservative forces in the Slovak society of the first half of the 20th century sought models in Christian solidarity and the corporate state, which would replace parliamentarism of the Western type. The ideas could be put into practice after the seizure of power in autumn 1938 and especially after Slovakia became independent in March 1939. However, the ally of independent Slovakia, Nazi Germany rejected the corporate state. Therefore, the idea of Christian solidarity was replaced with the idea of Slovak National socialism and plans for a corporate social system for the Slovak working community according to the German model. The regime of the Slovak Republic of 1939 – 1945 attempted to put the new principles of the social state into economic and social practice. However, the implementation of the ideas of the time about a social state and the political system of Slovakia stopped half way.

14

JOSÉ CARLOS MARIÁTEGUI

75%

Dinušová D.

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

73 – 92

EN

The study focuses on the life and work of one of the most prominent representatives of revolutionary social and political thought in Latin America – José Carlos Mariátegui. It attempts to grasp fundamental aspects of Mariátegui’s philosophical heritage with an emphasis on the application of his ideas today. In addition to looking into his biography, it focuses on Mariátegui‘s humanism, Marxist approach to the interpretation of the Peruvian reality and his emphasis on the revolution as a strategy for social change, taking into account the historical, political and cultural realities of Peruvian society.

15

IDEOLOGICKO-PERSUAZÍVNE PREJAVY V PUBLICISTICKÝCH TITULKOCH DENNÍKA PRAVDA V 60. ROKOCH 20. STOROČIA

75%

Molnárová P.

|

tom 85

|

nr 2

191 – 211

EN

The contemporary newspaper headlines in the form of an individual part of the journalistic text fulfil, in addition to the basic information and orientation functions, also the function of evaluation, persuasion or manipulation. Tendencies of the latter result shape up the political and ideological context. In the 1960’s, the manifestations of ideology were reflected in the overlap with the linguistic sphere, creating a specific form of the language of socialism. The extra lingual overlap of ideology into language was applied in connection with formal shape and semantics of newspaper headlines in a nationwide political press of Communist Party in Slovakia. The aim of the paper is to identify, analyse and interpret the persuasive and ideologically determined elements in the analytical journalism in Pravda newspaper in the years 1961 – 1970. The research focuses both on a typographic depiction of headlines and of the occurrence, application and function of language in a lexical, semantic and stylistic level.

16

ETNOLOGICKÁ POLITIKA V ÉRE SOCIALIZMU V SRBSKU: ETNOGRAFICKÝ ÚSTAV SAVU

75%

Lukiċ - Krstanoviċ M.

|

nr 4

401 – 412

EN

Ethnology in Serbia in the socialist era was reviewed through (re)interpretation of marked concepts, strategies and paradigms that had shaped the specific scientific policies. The object of this paper is to break down the historization of ethnology into specific problem units that had taken place through the processes of normativization, institutionalization and conceptualization of ethnology. The ethnological policies are analysed on the example of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) over the period 1947- 1980. The establishing of the Institute, operation, realization of its tasks and objectives, as well as research and publishing production indicate the stratification and ambivalence of the phases of scientific policies.

17

PROBLEM AND SOLUTION METHOD OF NARRATIVE IN KALAM’S WINGS OF FIRE: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

75%

Jeevaraj E.

|

nr 2

315 – 321

EN

This paper aims to identify the problems and solutions prevailing in the educational and professional fields of India from Kalam’s narration in Wings of Fire: An Autobiography (1999) which represents Kalam’s personality and his service oriented mind. It reflects the key issues which according to Kalam are the barriers to personal growth and national development. It also depicts the strategies and ways that helped Kalam to overcome the barriers with the intentions that the strategies would create awareness about the future among the people and instil broad visions in them.

18

PREDSTAVY, REALITA A MEDZINÁRODNÝ KONTEXT SOCIÁLNEHO ŠTÁTU V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE 1939 – 1945

63%

Hallon Ľ. , Schvarc M.

|

nr 4

645 – 678

EN

The conservative forces in the Slovak society of the first half of the 20th century sought models in Christian solidarity and the corporate state, which would replace parliamentarism of the Western type. The ideas could be put into practice after the seizure of power in autumn 1938 and especially when Slovakia became independent in March 1939. However, the ally of independent Slovakia, Nazi Germany rejected the corporate state. Therefore, the idea of Christian solidarity was replaced with the idea of Slovak national socialism and plans for a corporate social system for the Slovak working community according to the German model. The regime of the Slovak Republic in 1939 – 1945 attempted to put the new principles of the social state into economic and social practice. However, the implementation of the ideas of the time about a social state and the political system of Slovakia stopped half way.