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  1. 10 Advances in Materials Science
  2. 6 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
  3. 3 Ochrona przed Korozją
  4. 3 Problemy Eksploatacji
  5. 3 Proceedings of ECOpole
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  1. 1 2017
  2. 2 2016
  3. 2 2014
  4. 1 2013
  5. 1 2012
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  1. 12 Ćwiek J.
  2. 8 Zieliński A.
  3. 7 Kurzydłowski K. J.
  4. 5 Lublińska K.
  5. 5 Szwed M.
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1
Content available remote Hydrogen degradation of high strength weldable steels
100%
Ćwiek J.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2007
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tom Vol. 7, nr 1(11)
133-139
EN
Hydrogen degradation phenomenon of high strength steels is presented in the paper. Models and mechanisms of hydrogen degradation were characterizes and discussed. Two steel grades S690Q and their SA Wand SMA W welded joints were investigated. Susceptibility to hydrogen degradation at room temperature, in sea water under open circuit potential, and cathodic polarization was evaluated with the use of mechanical test under monotonically increasing static load. Measures of hydrogen degradation were determined. Mechanisms of hydrogen degradation were detected on the basis of SEM observation of samples fracture surfaces. Models and mechanisms of hydrogen degradation occurring in investigated cases, in relation to material structure, concentration and distribution of hydrogen, stress and strain state were proposed.
2
Content available remote Stress corrosion cracking of the clad structural steel after its high temperature hydrogen degradation
100%
Lubińska K. , Tsyrulnyk O. , Herdil M. , Nykyforchyn H. , Kurzydłowski K. J.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2007
|
tom Vol. 7, nr 1(11)
27-32
EN
It is known that long term service of installations in energy and refinery industry in conditions of simultaneous action of loading and corrosion-hydrogen environments causes degradation of structural steels. This process of degradation is the most intensive on grain boundaries. Therefore structures with clad metal, namely, refinery shell, should be especially sensitive to degradation process. Three types of clad metal "low alloy steel/stainless steel" were studied: 15HM/304L, 516GR60/410S and 5l6GR70/N201. In-service degradation was modeled by thermocycling of specimens in the range of 25-550 st.C in hy-drogen atmosphere with fast rate of cooling. It allows to fix at law temperature such amount hydrogen in metal which is in equilibrium at high temperature and this is the reason of the intensive hydrogen degradation. Metal was tested after 30 and 100 thermocycles. Sensitiveness to hydrogen degradation was evaluated by slow strain rate tension of specimens during moderate cathodic polarisation. Same peculiarities of hydrogen cracking of clad metal were established and it was revealed that thermocycling in hydrogen atmosphere increases sensitivity of clad metals to hydrogen degradation. The degradation level depends on the type of clad metal and number of thermocycling.
3
Effect of hydrogen degradation of structural steels on the fatigue crack growth
100%
Nykyforchyn H.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska
|
2001
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tom Vol. 269, z. 67
203-218
EN
A number of effects of hydrogen both as gas and dissolved in metal on the fatigue crack growth in steels, especially at the near threshold load, has been analysed: 1) the effect of gas adsorption on the effective fatigue threshold [delta]Kth eff; 2) analysis of hydrogen effect on the fatigue crack growth in structural steels in dependence of its strength and test temperature; 3) application of fracture mechanics approaches to the evaluation of high temperature hydrogen degradation of steels; 4) use of the [delta]Kth eff parameter for evaluation of the high temperature degradation of steels during operation in hydrogen-containing environment; 5) existence of three factors of ambiguous hydrogen influence on [delta]Kth eff; 7) fractografical peculiarities of the near threshold crack growth in the degraded steel; 9) a geometric model of crack closure in the hydrogenated steel caused by fracture surface roughness and the longitudinal shear; 10) scale effect of the fatigue threshold; variance of [delta]Kth under the plane strain conditions; dependence of [delta]Kth on the specimen thickness for the hydrogenated and degraded metal.
4
Content available remote Environmental degradation of titanium alloy in artificial saliva
100%
Zieliński A. , Zborowski Ł.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2012
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tom Vol. 12, nr 3(33)
5-15
EN
The titanium and its alloys are potentially prone to hydrogen embrittlement, including those proposed for dental implants. The research has been aimed to assess a susceptibility to environment-enhanced degradation of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy in artificial saliva with or without hydrofluoric acid, subject or not to cathodic polarisation. The results have shown that even if artificial saliva is safe environment, both cathodic polarization and cathodic current result in brittle cracking. Either hydride-related embrittlement or fluoride-related stress corrosion cracking are considered as potential sources.
5
Content available remote Environmental degradation of the Cr-Mo steels in liquid hydrocarbons
100%
Świeczko-Żurek B.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2006
|
tom Vol. 6, nr 1
48-54
EN
The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking at tension at a strain rate 10-6s-1 and under constant load, and to low cycle fatigue, was estimated for two alloy steels 26H2MF and 34HNM in boiler fuel and used mineral car engine oil. The observed effects were explained by hydrogen evolution, entry and interaction with dislocations.
6
Content available remote Interaction between hydrogen and a nitrided layer
100%
Ćwiek J.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2011
|
tom Vol. 47, nr 1
34--41
EN
Purpose: of this paper is to reveal the influence of nitrided layer on 34CrAlNi7-10 steel to its susceptibility to hydrogen degradation. Investigation was carried out with the use of slow strain tensile rate test (SSRT). Design/methodology/approach: Nitriding was done in the nitrogen-hydrogen (or argon) gas atmospheres with various hydrogen content, i. e. 0%, 30%, and 70%, at the glow discharge at temperature 560°C for 6 hrs. In order to estimate the degree of hydrogen degradation SSRT test was conducted on round smooth specimens 4 mm in diameter. Tests were performed at ambient temperature either in dry air or in 0.005 M H2SO4 solution. The applied strain rate was 10-6 s-1. Tests in acid solution were conducted under cathodic polarization with constant current densities: 0.1; 1; 5 and 10 mA/cm2. Fracture surfaces after SSRT test were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal a mode and mechanism of cracking. Findings: Plasma nitrided layers are effective barriers to hydrogen entry into structural steel which decreases susceptibility of steel to hydrogen degradation. Hydrogen is mainly accumulated in a compact nitrides zone. Evidences of no increase in brittleness of nitrided layers with absorbed hydrogen were observed. Research limitations/implications: There is no possibility to perform direct observations of exact mechanism of hydrogen-assisted cracking so far. Further research should be taken to reveal the exact mechanism of increased plasticity of nitrided layer with absorbed hydrogen. Practical implications: Plasma nitrided layers are effective barriers to hydrogen entry into structural steel utilized in aggressive environments, which could be potential sources of hydrogen charging of exploited steels. Originality/value: Plasma assisted nitriding provides the formation of thin compact nitride zone which protects high-strength steels against corrosion and hydrogen degradation. Evidences of no increase in brittleness of nitrided layers with absorbed hydrogen were observed.
7
Content available remote Relation between steel microstructure and its properties in inert and aggressive environments
100%
Zieliński A. , Serbiński W.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2005
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tom Vol. 5, nr 1-3
32--39
EN
Two Polish steels 26H2MF and 34HNM grade have been investigated. The steels have been subjected to different heat treatment. The microstructure examinations have shown various microstructure following heat treatment, from martensite and bainite to tempered martensite and sorbite. The degradation of fracture energy, elongation and reduction-in-area have been observed after Slow Strain Rate Tests performed in sulphuric acid solution at cathodic polarization between 0 and 100 mA/cm2. The degradation has been accompanied by passage from ductile to brittle cleavage and quasi-cleavage cracking. The observed degradation has been proved to be in good accordance with microstructure of steels.
8
Content available remote Hydrogen Enhanced-Cracking of High-Strength Steel Welded Joints
100%
Ćwiek J.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2008
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tom Vol. 8, nr 4(18)
4-13
EN
Aim of this paper is evaluation of susceptibility of high-strength steel welded joints to hydrogen degradation and establishing of applicable mechanism of their hydrogen-enhanced cracking. High-strength quenched and tempered steel grade S690Q and its welded joints have been used. Susceptibility to hydrogen degradation of steel and welded joints has been evaluated using monotonically increasing load. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) was carried out on round smooth specimens in air, and seawater under cathodic polarization. Elongation and reduction in area were choosen as measures of susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Fractographic examinations with the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to establish suitable mechanism of hydrogen-enhanced cracking of the welded joints. Tested high-strength steel and its welded joints are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when evaluated with the use of SSRT. The loss of plasticity is higher for welded joints then for the base metal. There is no possibility to perform direct observations of exact mechanism of hydrogen-assisted cracking so far. On the base of mechanical tests and fractographic observations it is likely to deduce which of nowadays models of hydrogen degradation and cracking is the most viable. Tested steel and its welded joints could be safely utilized in marine constructions under cathodic protection provided that overprotection does not take place. Hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) model is more applicable mechanism of hydrogen degradation than other for high-strength welded joints in seawater environment.
9
Content available remote Plasma Nitriding as a Prevention Method Against Hydrogen Degradation of Steel
100%
Ćwiek J.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2009
|
tom Vol. 9, nr 1(19)
4-13
EN
Aim of this paper is evaluation of susceptibility of plasma nitrided structural steel to hydrogen absorption and degradation. Structural steel, nitrided at glow discharge in the gas mixture of various N2, H2, Ar content was subjected to cathodic hydrogen charging in acid solution simulating the aged engine oil. The effect of the nitrided layers on the hydrogen transport and on the irreversible trapping was evaluated by the measurements of the hydrogen permeation rate and by the vacuum extraction, respectively. Surfaces with modified layers were examined with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after hydrogen permeation tests. In the presence of the not defected compact nitride layer, no hydrogen permeation through the steel has been stated under the experimental conditions. Absorbed hydrogen was accumulated within this layer. Using the atmosphere of the higher nitrogen to hydrogen ratio at plasma assisted nitriding provides the formation of thin compact nitride zone, highly protective against corrosion and hydrogen degradation.
10
Content available remote Hydrogen-enhanced stress corrosion cracking of low alloy steels in sea water
100%
Domżalicki P. , Zieliński A. , Łunarska E.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2002
|
tom Vol. 2, nr 1(2)
76-86
EN
The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of carbon and two low alloy steels of different strength was determined in seawater at corrosion and cathodic potentials with the Slow Strain Rate Tensile Test. The slight decrease in time to-failure, fracture energy and reduction-in-area at corrosion potential and substantial decrease in those parameters at application of cathodic polarisation in comparison with the values measured in air, were observed. The significant linear relationships between the degree of degradation and the eon tent of diffusive hydrogen were obtained for investigated steels. Within the potential range existing on the ship hull at its cathodic protection, no important difference in the lass in mechanical properties was stated between tested steels, despite their different strength.
11
Content available Nowoczesne metody badań nieniszczących w ocenie degradacji wodorowej
100%
Szwed M. , Manaj W. , Wojas G. , Płowiec J. , Lusa T. , Paradowski K. , Ciesielski M. , Zagórski A. , Spychalski W. , Kurzydłowski K.
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
|
2007
|
tom Vol. 1, no. 1
125-128
PL
Postęp technologiczny w dziedzinie badań nieniszczących oraz rozwój wiedzy o degradacji wodorowej pozwalają na ocenę stanu technicznego instalacji lub urządzenia, szacunkową ocenę czasu ich bezpiecznej dalszej eksploatacji oraz ciągi}' monitoring pracy elementu. W artykule przedstawiono badania ultradźwiękowe, za pomocą których wykryto, zlokalizowano oraz określono głębokości zalegania wewnętrznych nieciągłości materiałowych rurociągu. Zostały one zinterpretowane jako rozwarstwienia przebiegające wzdłuż kierunku obróbki plastycznej, co zostało następnie potwierdzone za pomocą badań mszczących po wycięciu uszkodzonego fragmentu rurociągu. Pokazano, że tego typu uszkodzenia, będące przykładem zniszczenia indukowanego wodorem mogą być skutecznie wykrywane za pomocą metod nieniszczących. Jednoczesne zastosowanie kilku z nich umożliwia ponadto śledzenie rozwoju rozwarstwień oraz określenie czasu bezpiecznej eksploatacji.
EN
Technological progress in NDT as well as hydrogen degradation knowledge advancement make die vessel condition and on-line control feasible. The detection and localization of defects with ultrasonic method is presented. Those were suspected as a delamination arose up to the plastic forming direction and confirmed by the destructive examination after cutting defected element from the pipeline. This paper shows that kind of failure induced with hydrogen may be detected with nondestructive methods. Parallel usage of some NDT techniques allow to follow delamination growth and assess the safety exploitation period.
12
Content available remote Mechanical, corrosion-mechanical and electrochemical parameters sensitive to corrosion-hydrogen degradation of structural steels under long - term in-service conditions
88%
Nykryforchyn H.
Advances in Materials Science
|
2007
|
tom Vol. 7, nr 1(11)
176-183
EN
Some low-alloyed steels exploited for decades of years in corrosion-hydrogen environments, namely, power steam pipeline, reactor shell of oil hydrocracking, oil trunk pipeline, are considered. The essential decrease of mechanical (impact strength, creep), corrosion (corrosion rate) and corrosion-mechanical (stress corrosion cracking) properties of exploited metal to compare with that in the virgin state is demonstrated. Especially high sensitivity of fracture mechanics characteristics (effective range of stress intensity factor of fatigue crack growth [detlaKth eff], fracture toughness Jlc) to in-service degradation is shown. It is revealed that same electrochemical parameters (polarization resistance, corrosion current) are especially sensitive to in-service degradation of steels at high and low temperatures as well. A correlation between changes of electrochemical and mechanical properties in the steel degradation process is drawn up.
13
Problems of hydrogen interaction with metals and methods of structures lifetime estimation.
88%
Kurzydłowski K. , Nykyforchyn H.
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Materiałoznawstwa i Mechaniki Technicznej Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje
|
2007
|
tom Vol. 65, nr 11
55-69
EN
The hydrogen induced degradation of the properties and microstructure of the low carbon low-alloyed steels due to exploitation and exposition to the hydrogenated environment at ambient and elevated temperatures have been considered. The essential decrease of mechanical (impact strength, creep), corrosion (corrosion rate) and corrosion-mechanical (stress corrosion cracking) properties of exploited metal to compare with that in the virgin state is demonstrated. Especially high sensitivity of an effective range of stress intensity factor of fatigue crack growth to in-service degradation is shown. Weld metal is more sensitive to hydrogen degradation and even tensile mechanical properties of strength and plasticity are sensitive enough to "in-bulk" material degradation. An approach to the residual life time evaluation of the power plant steam pipe lines is developed, which allows to take into account the negative hydrogen effect. Some electrochemical parameters are especially sensitive to in-service degradation of steels at high and low temperatures as well. A good correlation between changes of electrochemical and mechanical properties in the steel degradation process gives prospects for the development of NDT methods for evaluation of the current state of exploited steels. The results discussed show that inspection of the surfaces of installations to find corrosion or mechanical damage alone may not be sufficient for proper evaluating risk of failure.
14
Content available remote Korozja naprężeniowa w blachach grubych w kierunku "z" w środowisku wody morskiej
88%
Mazur M. , Kadłuczka A.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
|
2006
|
tom R. 6, nr 21/1
409-416
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki obserwacji przebiegu pękania korozyjnego blachy grubej ze stali S 355J2G3 wg normy PN-EN 10027. Stwierdzono równoczesny wpływ naprężeń i wodoru na ten proces.
EN
The modeling of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is probably one of the most delicate challenges issued to corrosion engineers and scientists. The difficulty is mainly due to the involvement in the global process of three a prior distinct phenomena: crack initiation, crack slow propagation and crack fast propagation. An overview of SCC results in 18G2A steel are presented. The correlation was established between stress corrosion crack rates and hydrogen degradation in crack fast propagation zone.
15
Content available remote Korozja wodorowa złącza plater - blacha stalowa wytworzonego metodą walcowania na gorąco
88%
Lublińska K. , Szummer A. , Gloc M. , Szwed M. , Zagórski A. , Kurzydłowski K. J.
Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji
|
2010
|
tom Vol. 30, nr 1
127-134
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu wodoru katodowego na złącza plater - blacha stalowa wytworzone metodą walcowania na gorąco. Badania wykonano na próbkach blachy stalowej 20Y (stanowiącej podłoże) platerowanej odporną na korozję stalą ferrytyczną OH 13 lub stalą 2H13. W celach porównawczych badano także próbki z przekładką niklową. Wykonano badania mikrostrukturalne i mikroanalityczne oraz pomiary mikrotwardości próbek w stanie początkowym oraz po nasycaniu wodorem katodowym. W badaniach strukturalnych stosowano techniki mikroskopii świetlnej, elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej oraz technikę mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej składu chemicznego. Wykazano, że mikrostruktura złączy plater - blacha stalowa wytworzonych metodą walcowania na gorąco może ulegać degradacji wodorowej (korozji wodorowej) w temperaturze otoczenia.
EN
The influence of hydrogen on microstructure of the interface between carbon steel Y20 (base plate) and OH 13, 2H13 ferritic stainless steels bonded by hot rolling, was investigated. For comparative purposes, additional samples with a nickel interlayer between the carbon steel and stainless steel were studied. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure and chemical composition measured using X-ray EDS microanalysis. Microhard-ness profiles were obtained across the interface. It was found that cathodic hydrogen causes significant degradation of the microstructure (hydrogen degradation) of the join in hot rolled clad plates at ambient temperature.
16
Content available Zmiana właściwości elektrochemicznych stali niskowęglowych pod wpływem zaabsorbowanego wodoru
75%
Pietkun-Greber I. , Janka R. M. , Liśkiewicz J. , Ulańczyk M.
Proceedings of ECOpole
|
2013
|
tom Vol. 7, No. 2
679--684
PL
W artykule przedstawiono ocenę podatności stali DC01 i S235 w stanie dostawy na niszczenie wodorowe. Ocenę badanych gatunków stali niskowęglowych przeprowadzono na podstawie przebiegu zmian wartości potencjałów elektrodowych oraz wartości SEM utworzonych galwanicznych ogniw wodorowych w funkcji czasu. Stwierdzono, że stal S235 w stanie dostawy wykazuje większą skłonność do niszczenia wodorowego aniżeli stal DC01.
EN
The article presents an assessment of the susceptibility of steel DC01 and S235 able to supply the destruction of hydrogen. The evaluation of the species tested low carbon steel was based on the courses of changes in the electrode potentials and SEM values of galvanic cells formed hydrogen as a function of time. It was conlluded that steel S235 in the delivery condition is more prone to hydrogen degradation than steel DC01.
17
Content available remote Steel clad plates hydrogen degradation evaluation using ultrasonic defectoscopy method
75%
Szwed M. , Lublińska K. , Gloc M. , Manaj W. , Kurzydłowski K. J.
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
|
2009
|
tom Vol. 33, nr 4
51-57
EN
This paper presents results of hydrogen degradation tests of steel clad plates by the ultrasonic defectoscopy. The subject of the tests were samples of low-alloy steel 12CrMo4-5 coated with austenitic steel X2CrNi19-11 using explosive cladding method. The samples were subjected to a thermocycling process within the temperature range from 25 to 450 degrees centigrade in the gaseous hydrogen atmosphere. Detailed microstructural and microanalytical tests of the areas indicated by the ultrasonic defectoscopy were carried out to verify the results of the ultrasonic tests. The structural observations were carried out by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray microanalysis of chemical composition (EDS) was also performed. The results show that with properly selected measurement settings, the ultrasonic defectoscopy allows to detect early stages of hydrogen degradation in clad plates.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań degradacji wodorowej blach platerowanych metodami defektoskopii ultradźwiękowej. Przedmiotem badań jest blacha ze stali niskostopowej 13CrMo4-5 platerowana metodą wybuchową austenityczną stalą X2CrNi19-11. Wykonano cykliczną obróbkę cieplną w zakresie temperatury od 25 do 450 stopni Celsjusza w atmosferze wodoru. Weryfikację wyników badań ultradźwiękowych dokonano przez obserwację mikrostruktury stali w obszarach wytypowanych za pomocą badań ultradźwiękowych. Stosowano metody mikroskopii świetlnej, elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej oraz mikroanalizę rentgenowską (EDS). Stwierdzono, że dobór parametrów pomiarowych metodą defektoskopii ultradźwiękowej umożliwia wykrywanie wczesnych etapów degradacji wodorowej mikrostruktury stali blach platerowanych.
18
Mathematical modeling of environment effect on fracture in materials.
75%
Andreykiv O.
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Materiałoznawstwa i Mechaniki Technicznej Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje
|
1998
|
tom Vol. 60, nr 8
91-107
EN
An analysis and synthesis of the author's results on mathematical modeling of hydrogen accumulation kinetics in metals and their failure under the force and temperature factors effect has been carried out. The processes of metal hydrogenation from the gaseous phase and electrolyte as well as crack propagation during long-term static and cyclic loading and also molar hydrogen formation at the sites of its over-equilibrium concentrations in a metal are considered.
19
Content available Wpływ składu chemicznego i mikrostruktury na odporność stali na niszczenie wodorowe
75%
Pietkun-Greber I. , Janka R. M.
Proceedings of ECOpole
|
2014
|
tom Vol. 8, No. 2
555--561
PL
W pracy przedstawiono podsumowanie dotychczasowych wyników badań i poglądów dotyczących czynników wywierających wpływ na odporność stali na niszczenie wodorowe. O degradacji stali eksploatowanych w warunkach oddziaływania wodoru w głównej mierze decyduje ich stan, a w szczególności mikrostruktura, technologia wytwarzania oraz defekty występujące w ich strukturze.
EN
This paper summarizes the results of previous research and views on the factors affecting the resistance of steel to hydrogen degradation. The degradation of the steel operated under the influence of hydrogen largely depends on their condition, in particular the microstructure manufacturing technology and defects present in their structure.
20
Nowe metody badań korozji i pękania wodorowego materiałów eksploatowanych w umiarkowanych warunkach
75%
Zieliński A. , Świeczko-Żurek B. , Sobieszczyk S. , Ossowska A.
Ochrona przed Korozją
|
2010
|
tom nr 11
641-643
PL
Przedstawiono założenia testu niskocyklowego zmęczenia nawodorowanego materiału oraz oceny odporności korozyjnej biomateriału bazującej na oznaczaniu ilości metalu w roztworze.
EN
The outlines of low cycle fatigues test of moderately hydrogen charged and of an assessment of corrosion resistance of biomaterial based on an assessment of quantity of dissolved metal are proposed.
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