Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Sto lat historii powstania i rozwoju syntetycznego wytwarzania amoniaku. I. Powstanie technologii i jej twórcy

100%

Hajduk J. , Czernek J. B. S.

Chemik

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1999

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tom Nr 5

120-123

PL

Opisano historię opracowania technologii wytwarzania amoniaku syntetycznego oraz uruchomienia laboratoryjnej, półtechnicznej i pierwszej w świecie technicznej instalacji do syntezy amoniaku. Podano życiorysy dwóch głównych twórców syntezy amoniaku -Fritza Habcra i Carla Boscha.

EN

The history of the development of synthetic ammonia technology and putting it into operation, successively in bench, pilot and, for the first time in the world, in commercial scale of production, is described. Besides, biographies of two main creators of the ammonia synthesis, i. e. of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, are presented.

2

Sto lat historii powstania i rozwoju syntetycznego wytwarzania amoniaku : 1913-1973 - lata powszechnego wzrostu

80%

Hajduk J. , Hajduk M.

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tom Nr 10

288-291

PL

Opisano przyrost produkcji amoniaku w poszczególnych krajach w latach 1913-1973 oraz zależność ciśnienia od czasu: wytwarzanego gazu do syntezy amoniaku oraz pary wodnej produkowanej przez utylizację ciepła w wytwórniach amoniaku.

EN

The growth of ammonia production in individual countries in 1913-1973 is described. Influence of time on pressure of manufactured gas destined for ammonia synthesis and of water steam produced by heat utilization in ammonia plants is also presented.

3

Potential of Neptunia oleracea L. as a Phytoremediation Agent for Petroleum Liquid Waste

80%

Hardestyariki D. , Fitria S.

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 5

88--94

EN

This present study to determine the potential of Neptunia oleracea as a phytoremediation agent for petroleum liquid waste in terms of various parameters such as physical temperature, and chemical parameters, namely pH, sulfide, and ammonia. Crude oil liquid waste is a hazardous waste if discharged directly into the environment, especially water. In this research, a method of biological treatment of petroleum liquid waste was used by utilizing aquatic plants, namely Neptunia oleracea. Phytoremediation is a way to treat waste that still contains contaminants thus levels can be minimized and even accumulated by various types of plants. This phytoremediation technique uses a simple bioreactor with various concentrations of petroleum liquid waste, namely control (0% waste), 10% waste, 20% waste, and 30% waste. The results of this study can be seen that the Neptunia oleracea plant is able to survive in petroleum liquid waste with a treatment time of approximately 3 weeks. In testing the levels of ammonia and sulfide after treatment showed fluctuating results from week to week. This is a response from Neptunia oleracea which uses these compounds in its metabolic processes. The ability of Neptunia oleracea to reduce sulfide and ammonia levels indicates that this plant can be used as a phytoremediation agent for petroleum liquid waste.

4

Pillared montmorillonites modified with copper or cobalt as catalysts of DENOX with ammonia.

80%

Chmielarz L. , Zbroja M. , Dudek B. , Dziembaj R.

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2002

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tom Vol. 10, nr 57

451-456

EN

Al2O3 or TiO2 pillared montmorillonites modified with Cu or Co have been studied as catalysts for NO reduction with ammonia. The type of a pillaring agent, introduced transition metal, and preparation conditions strongly influenced catalytic performance of obtained materials. Among the studied samples, the highest catalytic activity was measured for Ti-pillared montmorillonites modified with copper. All studied catalysts were characterized by high selectivity towards N2.

5

Zeolite catalysts for catalytic decomposition and reduction of NOx.

80%

Jagielska E. , Mostowicz R. , Szarlik S. , Mejsner J.

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2002

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tom Vol. 10, nr 57

189-195

EN

Catalytic decompostion and reduction of NOx by NH3 and CO in the presence of MFI zeolites and MFI zeolite containing catalysts was investigated. The catalyst activity was studied as a function of zeolite ion exchanged form (Na, H, Cu forms), type of an element introduced into zeolite framework, process temperature. Isomorphous substituted Fe, Co, Mn and mixed forms of these elements were used. Three types of catalysts were tested: a) pure zeolites, b) zeolites deposited on a-Al2O3 or cordierite, c) zeolite extrudates with g-Al2O3. [Fe]-MFI crystallized on a-Al2O3 used in the reduction of NOx by CO was the best catalyst. In the process of catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 the best results were obtained in the presence of Na-[Fe]-MFI molecular sieve. In the process of NOx decomposition, the highest conversion values were obtained in the presence of Cu-[Al]-MFI and [Fe]-MFI.

6

Ammonia and ammonium over the southern Baltic Sea. Part 1. Preparation of aerosol and air samples for the determination of ammonia by the indophenol method

80%

Lewandowska A. , Falkowska L.

Oceanologia

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2004

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tom No. 46 (2)

175-184

EN

1997 saw the start of a study into the spatial and temporal changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere over the littoral and offshore waters of the Baltic Sea. Collection of samples and their subsequent chemical analysis was preceded by meticulous laboratory experiments concerning the validation and adaptation of the analytical procedures. The colorimetric indophenol blue technique was used to analyse the aerosol samples for the concentration of ammonium ions and the air samples for their gaseous ammonia. The samples were collected with PTFE-filters and Whatman 41 filters coated with 5% orthophosphoric acid. This acid enhances the aerosol sampling efficacy but reduces the pH of the reaction in which indophenol is formed. The pH of the aerosol samples thus had to be raised, and this in turn required an alteration to the original procedure prior to ammonia determination. It was demonstrated that the addition of 0.1 N KOH to the filters coated with H3PO4 increases the pH of the reaction medium to the required level of pH = 8-11.5 and does not substantially influence the precision of the determination; the error of the modified procedure was of the order of 5.2%. Air samples for the determination of gaseous ammonia were collected with annular denuders. Oxalic acid and citric acid are the usual impregnating agents. In the present experiments oxalic acid was used for denuder impregnation; it turned out to be more effective than citric acid under the conditions of the southern Baltic Sea. The detection limit of the indophenol blue method in these laboratory experiments was 0.045 mmol dm-3. The respective relative standard deviations (RSD) within the range of higher and lower concentrations were 0.64% and 4.53%.

7

Nośnikowe katalizatory rutenowe do niskociśnieniowej syntezy amoniaku

80%

Kowalczyk Z. , Szmigiel D. , Raróg-Pilecka W. , Komornicki A. , Kielak M. , Gliński M.

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tom T. 82, nr 8-9

725-727

8

Application of aluminosilicates for mitigation of ammonia and volatile organic compound emissions from poultry manure

70%

Opaliński S. , Korczyński M. , Szołtysik M. , Dobrzański Z. , Kołacz R.

Open Chemistry

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2015

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

Odor mitigation techniques are widely investigated due to the problem of odor nuisance generated by intensive livestock production. The goal of this research was to investigate the use of aluminosilicate sorbents as filter packs in the air scrubber ODOR1, which enables cleaning of air inside the livestock building. The following sorbents were examined: raw halloysite, roasted halloysite, activated halloysite, raw bentonite, roasted bentonite and expanded vermiculite. The experiment was conducted in chambers where poultry manure was placed, the time of air treatment was 24 hours. A manual SPME (solid-phase microextraction) holder with DVB/Carboxen/PDMS fiber was used for extraction of odor compounds, and analyses were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ammonia concentrations were determined according to Polish standards (Nessler method) using a spectrophotometer. It was found that all examined aluminosilicates had the potential for removal of ammonia as well as 24 volatile compounds emitted from poultry manure. The highest efficiency was noted for activated halloysite (81%) and roasted bentonite (84%) in the case of ammonia and odors, respectively. Despite the limitations of the study, the results showed the effectiveness of the air scrubber packed with aluminosilicates for the reduction of volatile odorous compounds in the air of livestock buildings.

9

Dipole moment and polarizability functions of ammonia: a linear-response coupled-cluster study

70%

Piecuch P. , Spirko V. , Paldus J.

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tom Vol. 72, nr 7S

1635-1656

EN

The recently development orthogonally spin-adapted linear-response coupled-cluster theory with singly and doubly excited cluster (LRCCSD) has been employed to calculate the dipole moment and parallel polarizability functions of ammonia over a wide range of values of the inversional and symmetric stretch coordinates. Using the eigenstates of the experimentally derived nonrigid invertor Hamiltonian of ammonia and the LRCCSD property functions, the transition dipole moments between several low-lying inversional states and the rovibrationally averaged parallel polarizabilities for several values of the inversional quantum number have been evaluated. The calculated transition dipole moments and rovibrationally averaged polarizabilities have been found to be in excellent agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data, indicating the suitability of the ab initio LRCCSD theory for such calculations. The LRCCSD transition dipole moments are far more accurte than all previously obtained ab initio values.

10

Thiosulfate leaching of silver from a solid residue after pressure leaching of industrial copper sulfides flotation concentrates

70%

Wejman-Gibas K. , Chmielewski T. , Borowski K. , Gibas K. , Jeziorek M. , Wodka J.

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tom Vol. 51, iss. 2

601--610

EN

Hydrometallurgical recovery of silver from a solid residue after pressure leaching of a flotation copper concentrate from the Lubin Concentrator (KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.) was investigated. Thiosulphate leaching was examined with regard to the highest possible leaching efficiency and optimization process parameters. The effect of thiosulfate ions concentration within the range from 0.25 to 1.00 mol/dm3 at a constant ammonia concentration, and ammonia concentration within the range from 0.40 to 1.00 mol/dm3 at a constant thiosulfate concentration on leaching recovery of selected metals were examined. Moreover, the effect of copper(II) ions addition on silver leaching was studied. It was shown that the leaching recovery of silver increased with increasing thiosulfate and ammonia concentration. At the highest thiosulfate ions concentration, the observed silver leaching recovery was 60%. The best results were obtained at an ammonia concentration of 0.80 mol/dm3, where the leaching recovery of Ag reached 75%. It was established that addition of Cu(II) did not affect silver leaching. Nearly 100% efficiency of thioslulohate silver leaching was achieved by pretreatment of the solid residue after pressure leaching with NaOH solutions.

11

Wykorzystanie techniki adsorpcyjnego osuszania gazu na sitach molekularnych w technologii amoniaku

70%

Cwalina J.

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tom T. 82, nr 8-9

826-829

12

Ammonia and ammonium over the southern Baltic Sea. Part 2. The origin of ammonia and ammonium over two coastal stations : Gdynia and Hel

70%

Lewandowska A. , Falkowska L. , Bełdowska M.

Oceanologia

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2004

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tom No. 46 (2)

185-200

EN

Ammonia concentrations in aerosols and ammonium concentrations in the air were measured in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. The main study area was the Hel Peninsula, where measurements were carried out from December 1997 to March 1998. There was a second such area in Gdynia, where the first measurement period extended from May to December 2000, and the second one lasted from February to May 2001. At the same time, chloride, sulphate and sodium concentrations in the aerosols were determined; meteorological parameters were also measured. Aerosol samples were collected with a filter pack, and the gaseous phase species were collected on denuders. At both stations, the ammonium concentration in aerosols was at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the ammonia in the air samples. It was found that the marine boundary layer always contained ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate. The presence of ammonium nitrate was detected only when winds were slight and was attributed to local anthropogenic sources. The ammonia concentration related to nitrate increased with rising air humidity and a falling temperature. The contribution of marigenic ions in aerosols was noted at onshore wind of speeds >3.5 m s-1. In winter as in summer, conditions occurred facilitating light backscattering by a "wet" aerosol, which contained ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate in proportions of 2.5:1 and 1:1.

13

Modernizacja produkcji amoniaku w Zakładach Azotowych w Tarnowie-Mościcach S. A.

70%

Mordecka Z. , Mordecki S. , Wąsała T. , Gniadek P. , Kossoń J. , Szponder Z.

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tom T. 82, nr 6

398-401

14

Utilization of Black Liquor as Urease Inhibitor for Ammonia Reduction

70%

Sarwono A. , Widiantara M. D. , Zahra N. L. , Floresyona D. , Suryawan I. W. K. , Siagian F. M. H. , Septiariva I. Y.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, iss. 2

213--218

EN

Urea fertilizers in agricultural operations usually tend to produce large amounts of ammonia due to hydrolysis, therefore contribute to the air pollution. The purpose of this study was to study the potential black liquor from pulp industry as urease inhibitor. Characterization of the black liquor was carried out by Spectrophotometer Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) instruments. Meanwhile, the determination of ammonia levels was carried out using UV-spectrophotometer. The black liquor used in this process contains OH stretching, C=O stretching, an aromatic ring vibration, ring vibration, and guaiacil ring vibration indicating the presence of lignin. TGA primary weight loss in black liquor occurs above 200 °C. The addition of urease enzymes to urea tends to increase the release of ammonia. Meanwhile, the results showed that black liquor could prevent the nitrogen loss of urea.

15

Effect of Different Plant Monocultures on Nitrogen Removal Performance in Wetland Microcosms

70%

Wang R. , Quan Y. , Zheng S. , Zhang X.

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, nr 9

241--249

EN

This study investigated the nitrogen removal performance in wetland microcosms individually planted with different plant monocultures, including emergent, free-floating and submerged plants during ammonia removals, or large- and small-leaf free-floating plants during nitrate removal. For ammonia-dominated wastewater, both emergent (common reed) and free-floating (water hyacinth) plants in wetland microcosms achieved higher total nitrogen removals than a submerged plant (eelgrass) that significantly improved the microbial nitrifying performance. For nitrate-dominated wastewater, efficient nitrate removals in wetland microcosms planted with free-floating plant were achieved by both a full cover of water surface and the concentration of organic oxygen-consuming substances, which resulted in low dissolved oxygen levels and boosted microbial denitrification in wetland microcosms. FWS-CW developers and managers should thus pay close attention to the selection of wetland plant types and optimize their design to achieve optimum nitrogen removal performance.

16

Estimation of the Efficiency of Ammonia Oxidation in Anolyte of Two-Chamber Electrolyzer

70%

Gomelya M. , Shabliy T. , Radovenchyk I. , Overchenko T. , Halysh V.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 5

121--129

EN

In this study, the processes of electrochemical oxidation of ammonia in a two-chamber electrolyzer with anion exchange membrane MA-41 were investigated. An estimation of the efficiency of the process of oxidation of ammonia, depending on the chemical composition of the initial solution of anolyte and catholyte, current density and time of electrolysis was carried out. It was shown that the oxidation of ammonia in the anode chamber passes quickly and is accompanied by a significant decrease in pH due to the formation of nitrogen dioxide and nitrates. At the same time, the current output and the electrical conductivity of the dilute solutions was rather low. The effect of chlorides on the process of electrolysis was investigated. It was shown that the presence of chlorides in the anolyte catalyzes the processes of oxidation of ammonia. An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the anolyte increases output and reduces electricity consumption. The presence of chlorides in the catholyte does not accelerate oxidation. The presence of sulfates, both in the anolyte and in the catholyte, slows down the process of oxidation of ammonia as a result of the oxidation of sulfates to persulfates, which are quite passive to ammonium ions. At the same time, electricity consumption increases.

17

Determination of the Air Purification Efficiency when Using a Biofilter

70%

Krivolapov I. , Astapov A. , Akishin D. , Korotkov A. , Shcherbakov S.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 11

232--239

EN

The work presents the results of experimental studies on the air purification efficiency after accelerated composting of a mixture of cattle manure and straw in a chamber-type biofermenter. The operation of an experimental plant that simulates this process was described. A process optimization criterion was established, its values were determined for each of the pollutants – ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The maximum purification efficiency for ammonia was 92%, achieved at 47% moisture content of the filtering material and 58% compost weight parts at 30 °C. For hydrogen sulfide, the maximum purification efficiency was 95%, achieved at 50% moisture content of the filtering material and 52% compost weight part at 28 °C.

18

Nutrient losses from manure after application

60%

Shepherd M.

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nr 1[06]

19

Impact of sampling techniques on the concentration of ammonia and sulfide in pore water of marine sediments

60%

Brodecka-Goluch A. , Siudek P. , Bolałek J.

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tom Vol. 48, No. 2

184--195

EN

Three ex situ pore water sampling procedures (I – rhizon samplers, II – centrifugation of sediment subsamples collected from different sediment depths without core sectioning, III – core sectioning and centrifugation of sediment sections) were compared to indicate factors that may affect concentrations of pore water constituents (ammonia and sulfides). The methods were selected and modified in such a way as to determine how the concentrations are affected by different factors related to sampling procedures, e.g. contact with atmospheric air, filtration and sediment core disturbance. They were tested on nine sediment cores collected at one site in the southern Baltic Sea. The concentration of ammonia in pore water from centrifuged sediment sections was significantly higher compared to pore water extracted by rhizons – probably due to the impact of changing pH. The factor with the greatest impact on the H2S/HS– concentration in the analyzed pore water was the contact with atmospheric air and/or the extrusion of sediments from a core liner. Rhizons proved to be the best option for sampling pore waters analyzed for H2S/HS– and NH4+/NH3. In the case of H2S/HS– we noticed the smallest loss of the analyzed constituents. For ammonia, the centrifugation of the whole sediment sections was likely to cause interferences in the indophenol blue method.

20

Odpowietrznik centralny amoniakalnej instalacji chłodniczej sterowany ręcznie i automatycznie

60%

Golub S.

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tom nr 8

313--318