Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Historische Formen der Judenfeindschaft als Unterrichtsgegenstand. Ziele und didaktische Entscheidungen

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Kaiser W.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 2(14)

549-558

EN

The Polish Foundation Forum for Dialogue among Nations results of a study described recently published, which will provide information on what approaches to teaching against of anti-Semitism are successful and which one is not Progress can be hoped for, so what can actually promote anti-Semitism.

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OD RÉBUSU A HRY S ČITATEĽOM K ANTROPOLOGICKÉMU SVEDECTVU: „ZRNKO PRAVDY“ ZYGMUNTA MILOSZEWSKÉHO

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Horváth T.

World Literature Studies

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2020

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tom 12

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nr 2

40 – 49

EN

The study interprets the detective novel by Zygmunt Miloszewski, Ziarno prawdy (2011), while focusing in the fashion in which the novel analyses the mechanism of anti-Semitism. A significant role in the culprit ś plotting of a fake ritual murder is played by a city with a collective memory, which inspired the modus operandi of the act, when the murder made use of the rooted anti-Semitism of the local community. The myth of the ritual murder in the anti- Semitic interpretation originates through the distortion of the original meaning of the cultural units, their incorrect condensation and the rearrangement of their functions to incorrect positions. In the solution this projection of the culprit onto an „Other“ is discovered to be false, revealing that the worst crimes occur out of hatred behind locked doors. Miloszewski sets these current issues into the genre structure of a classical detective story with the solution abiding by the principles of fair play, while the thriller denouement through a found document is proved to be false.

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Similarities Between the Forms of Anti-Jewish and Anti-Roma Violence in Present-Day Poland

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Cala A.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2007

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nr 3(223)

339-345

EN

The Roma minority is discriminated against in most European countries; also in some Western countries, where the Roma have immigrated recently. They are often attacked by gangs of skinheads, neo-Nazis and radical rightists. In the post-communist countries, they are not only discriminated against, but also segregated. Their physical security is poorly protected. Most of the attackers are trained not only in anti-Roma racism, but in anti-semitism as well. Anti-semitic prejudice has something in common with the prejudices held against the Roma. This paper shows historical links between the two phenomenon and structural similarities between violence against Jews and Roma. The author tries to answer the question why contemporary European public opinion, so sensitive to anti-Jewish discrimination, so easily closes its eyes when the Roma are deported, surrounded by a wall, beaten or even killed.

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Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Antisemitismus in Ostdeutschland - Anmerkungen aus polnischer Sicht

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Bojenko-Izdebska E.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 2(14)

527-538

EN

As in 1992 on behalf of the "mirror" of a survey and Gallup Emnid performed and East Germans - the enmity among West was the investigation had the following results: the proportion of East Germans who is anti-Semitic or xenophobic right-wing expressed was much smaller (4%) than the corresponding share of West Germans (16%). the conclusion the time was: "The Germans in the East (would be) the consequences of the Nazi past for the present to take seriously".

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'ANTI-SEMITIC THREADS IN POLISH LITERARY CANON'. AN ATTEMPT AT RE-CONSTRUCTING THE ISSUE (Antysemickie watki w polskim kanonie literackim. Próba przekonstruowania problemu)

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Neuger L.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2008

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nr 6(114)

34-43

EN

The author makes attempt to re-construct the issue of threads which were considered anti-Semitic during a recent discussion on the Polish literary canon. The starting point is the construction of an excluded synthetic and diabolical Jew, one that was most completely represented in Sebastian Klonowic's 'Worek Judaszów', and this construction is further reversed in A. Mickiewicz's 'Pan Tadeusz', with indication of the conditions for a character to be included. In turn, with Z. Krasinski's 'Nie-boska komedia', the author puts an emphasis, on the one hand, on repeated 'diabolic Jew' construction whilst on the other, on the inclusion being radically called into question and the Jew being considered a 'Wallenrodian' intruder (intrusion). At last, on discussing B. Prus' 'Lalka', he shows, on the one hand, a diversity of included Jewish characters acting on the novel's foreground, whilst a disdainfully treated synthetic Jew is moved back to the background (exclusion); on the other hand - in view of the failure of a solidaristic utopia in the novel's volume 2 - exclusion is highlighted of figures representing certain values, which puts into question a social sense of inclusion.

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INSTRUMENTALIZATION OF THE HOLOCAUST IN THE MARCH '68 DISCOURSE (Instrumentalizacja Zaglady w dyskursie marcowym)

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Leociak J.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2008

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nr 4(228)

447-458

EN

The author deals with only those threads of the March 1968 propaganda which are related to the Holocaust. He analyzes selected articles from the newspapers and magazines appearing at that time and to statements by politicians, but also refers to to pre-1968 texts. The article presents the dominant threads in the March discourse, such as the martyrdom sweepstakes, when the central question is 'Who suffered more, the Jews or the Poles'?; the blurring of the Jewish nature of the Warsaw ghetto uprising through its internationalization or Polonization; the division into 'good' Jews (who fought in the uprising) and the 'bad' Jews (Zionists from Israel); the motif of community of the Polish and Jewish fate, which was to be summed up in the identical prospects of biological extermination and joint struggle 'For Our Freedom and Yours'. The key topic of the then propaganda referring to the times of the Holocaust is Polish assistance to Jews, both military and civilian, the latter in the form of large-scale harbouring of Jews by Poles.

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THE FIGURE OF THE BLOODSUCKER IN POLISH RELIGIOUS, NATIONAL AND LEFT-WING DISCOURSE, 1945/1946: A HISTORICAL ANTHROPOLOGY STUDY (Figura krwiopijcy w dyskursie religijnym, narodowym i lewicowym Polski roku 1945/1946. Studium z antropologii historyczne

100%

Tokarska–Bakir J.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2010

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nr 37

19-47

EN

Despite the fact that after 1945 all anti-Jewish pogroms in Poland (except one) were given a blood label—a rumor about Jewish murderers of Polish children—this fact has not attracted the attention of historians until recently. Conspiracy theories, however, were a lot more popular and noted that the pogroms had been provoked by ‘Soviet advisers' or ‘syonists.' The author of this essay argues that participants of anti-Semitic violence, the assailants as well as policemen, prosecutors, and judges involved in controlling the events – though they represented a variety of different political approaches – were all united by a common socio-mental formation, and remained united by a figure of the Jew as bloodsucker (this mystic figure is described here according to Mary Douglas). Many of them, security and secret services functionaries included, succumbed to a suggested blood libel. Moreover, some traces of blood libel are still present in Poland, not only as folk beliefs (cf. the research conducted under the present author's direction in Sandomierz). The essay's aim is to present a structural background of slow growing ‘Polish national socialism' on the one hand and old anti-Jewish resentments on the other, as both were a ground for a specific anti-Jewish alliance in the first period after World War II. Thus, the author claims that a synthesis of religious antiSemitism (‘Jew–kidnapper–bloodsucker'), modern anti-Semitism (‘Jew–capitalist– –bloodsucker') and the ‘Judeo-communists' occurred in Poland, which crippled a healthy body of the nation and the communist party. The essay is based on, inter alia, letters intercepted by the censorship in 1946, the reports made by some anti-communist underground fighters, a number of memories and documents of communist secret services officers, as well as documents accumulated in the course of investigations held by the authorities after the pogroms of 1945 and 1946.

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SAYYID QUTB'S 'OUR FIGHT WITH JEWS'. THE ARAB MUSLIM FUNDAMENTALIST PAMPHLET AGAINST JUDAISM AND THE JEWS IN A CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN ANTI-SEMITIC DISCOURSE

100%

Moch M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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tom 52

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nr 2

177-188

EN

The paper deals with the famous essay by Sayyid Qutb, one of the most famous ideologues of Islamic fundamentalism and leader of the Muslim Brethren in Egypt, who was sentenced to death in 1966. Despite its rather small volume, 'Our Fight with Jews' is a really influential text, especially among the fundamentalist milieu in the Arab societies. The essay's sole purpose was to clarify Qutb's hostile attitude towards Judaism and the Jews. The Egyptian fundamentalist justifies his point using religious, historical and political arguments. Some of the historical views, figures of speech and propaganda tricks, appearing in the text, were probably borrowed from the European anti-Semitic literature. After presenting Qutb's short biography, the author researches main aspects of the aforementioned work and debates how Islamic theological background merges with the influences of European anti-Semitism.

9

The Egyptian current of Greek anti-Semitic literature

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Kopeczky R.

Antik Tanulmanyok (Studia Antiqua)

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 1/2

173-196

EN

The Jewish people came into view of the Greek world in the time of Alexander the Great. The Greeks fitted the newly discovered people into the notion of 'barbarian philosophy'. In Ptolemaic Egypt, Jews and Greeks could live side by side without serious problems. Neither can anti-Semitism be discovered in the literature of the age, aside from a few commonplaces. The beginnings of 'Greek anti-Semitic literature' are mostly connected to Egyptian priestly circles. In the works of Hellenized authors coming from these circles, there appear some motifs of a tradition of ancient religious conflicts between Egyptians and Jews. Apion is the author in whose work the threads of Greek discourse of barbarism, of the Egyptian inversion of the Exodus narrative, and of daily political tensions between Jews and Greeks can be traced.

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THE BIGGEST WORRY OF 'POLISH PATRIOTS' (Najwieksze zmartwienie 'polskich patriotów')

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Libionka D.

Zaglada Zydów. Studia i Materialy (Holocaust. Studies and Materials)

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2009

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tom 5

460-463

EN

This document from the archives of the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London, is a record of the observations made by an unknown Dutchman in a Warsaw prison in early 1942. According to documents a major concern of 'Polish patriots' was to solve 'the Jewish issue' in Poland after the Allied victory in the war. The document is an interesting contribution to the knowledge of Poles' moods during the occupation.

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REMINISCENCES OF THE PAST. THE LITERARY SILHOUETTE OF LEONID KANNEGISER

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Salajczyk J.

Slavia Orientalis

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2005

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tom 54

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nr 3

387-400

EN

The authoress investigates literary texts which present a young poet of 'the silver age', Leonid Kannegiser, remembered in history as 'the killer of Uritskii'. He appeared chiefly in the works of emigrant writers (Mark Aldanov, Georgii Ivanov, Georgii Adamovich, Marina Tsvetaeva). In Russia only Yury Davidov introduced him in his last novel, 'Bestseller' (1999). The texts referred to belong to a variety of genres. Aldanov's work 'Ubiistvo Uritskogo', is mainly fact-collecting, but there are also many psychological observations which enrich its cognitive aspect. Ivanov's 'Peterburgskie zimy' and Tsvetaeva's 'Nezdeshni vecher' disclose their character of memoirs, being highly personal accounts of events, of the meetings with people, of the historical process. 'Bestseller' by Davidov is a historical novel of multiple subplots. The attack on Uritskii and the fate of Kannegiser function here in the broader context of anti-Semitic tendencies before and after the October Revolution. In all the texts, Leonid Kannegiser is presented as a man of complex personality, who - in a spectacular and unexpected way - staged a demonstration against violence used by the new Bolshevik authorities.

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UNIVERSALITY OF ANTI-SEMITISM AND THE UNIQUENESS OF HOLOCAUST: SLOVAKIA AS A CASE STUDY

100%

Klamková H.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr suppl. issue

83 – 107

EN

While anti-Semitism is usually perceived as universal phenomena, the Holocaust is often viewed as a unique and unprecedented event. However, when it comes to explaining the Holocaust, reference to anti-Semitism seems to be the only answer, the sole factor that led to the tragedy. But if – in one or another form – anti-Semitism is a constant feature, what makes the Holocaust an unparalleled experience? The aim of this study is not to investigate the uniqueness or “historization” of the Holocaust, but rather to analyse the relation between anti-Semitism as a phenomena and the Holocaust as an event. The concerned relation is studied on the example of Slovakia, in the period between the formation of Slovak national consciousness and the end of the Second World War.

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THE TRAUMA OF THE GREAT WAR. PSYCHO-SOCIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE WORLD WAR II

100%

Zaremba M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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tom 52

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nr 2

3-42

EN

Almost seventy years now separate us from the outbreak of World War II. To date the most important trend in debates about the war's consequences for Central Europe has focused on the interconnections between the social, political and economic changes occurring during the war, on the one hand, and the origins of the communist bloc in that part of Europe, on the other. This approach is overly narrow: it fails to take account of the importance of the psycho-social consequences of the war, which were incomparably broader, extending far beyond the political dimension. The author attempts to sketch out a systematic account of the sociological and psychological effects of this war, through an examination of the Polish case. His analysis draws upon two key theoretical concepts: Pitirim Sorokin's sociology of catastrophes; and Piotr Sztompka's sociology of trauma. Paraphrasing the title of Sztompka's book (Trauma wielkiej zmiany. Spoleczne koszty transformacji), we might call the Polish war experience 'the trauma of the great war'. The article shows the sources, symptoms and cultural consequences of the trauma of war in Poland.

14

JEWS AND ARCHITECTURE (FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POLISH NATIONALISM OF THE 1930S) (Zydzi i architektura (z perspektywy polskiego nacjonalizmu lat trzydziestych XX wieku))

100%

Konstantynow D.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2009

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nr 4(232)

411-425

EN

In the years 1937-39, anti-Semitism thrived among Polish architects. Young architects graduating from Warsaw Technical University, sympathizing with the extreme nationalist right-wing, were pressing for the adoption of the so-called Aryan article in the Association of Architects of the Republic of Poland (SARP). The General Meeting of SARP Delegates held in Warsaw in June 1938 accepted the motion. Architects of Jewish nationality were to be expelled from the Association and persons with Jewish roots were to be screened by a vetting commission. The resolution came into force a year later and the ousting of Jews from individual SARP branches started in July 1939. In attacking the Jews, the nationalists were arguing about the allegedly destructive influence of the latter on Polish architecture. They accused the Jewish architects of promoting modern style, devoid of elements rooted in national tradition. True to tradition, the Jews were also accused of greed and a materialist attitude.

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VŠEOBECNOSŤ ANTISEMITIZMU A JEDINEČNOSŤ HOLOKAUSTU: PRÍKLAD SLOVENSKA

100%

Klamková H.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 4

679-702

EN

While anti-Semitism is usually perceived as universal phenomena, the Holocaust is often viewed as a unique and unprecedented event. However, when it comes to explaining the Holocaust, reference to anti-Semitism seems to be the only answer, the sole factor that led to the tragedy. But if - in one or another form - anti-Semitism is a constant feature, what makes the Holocaust an unparalleled experience? The aim of this study is not to investigate the uniqueness or 'historization' of the Holocaust, but rather to analyze the relation between anti-Semitism as a phenomena and the Holocaust as an event. The concerned relation is studied on the example of Slovakia, in the period between the formation of Slovak national consciousness and the end of the Second World War.

16

BEFORE THE OCTOBER THERE WAS SEPTEMBER. ANTI-JEWISH RIOTING IN WALBRZYCH IN 1956 (Przed pazdziernikiem byl wrzesien. Wystapienia antyzydowskie w Walbrzychu w 1956 roku).

100%

Wieczorek P.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2010

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nr 4(236)

449-461

EN

The changes taking place in Poland in 1956 contributed to an intensification of anti-Jewish sentiment, kept in check until then by the authorities. Contrary to official internationalist propaganda, negative stereotypes of Jews were rife among the people, including members of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party [Communist party]. They were accused of cronyism, ‘immunity from prosecution', preoccupation with their own interests, a hostile attitude toward Poles and in general acting to the detriment of ‘the working people'. Anti-Semitic outbursts in Lower Silesia (including the unrest which occurred in Walbrzych on 11 September 1956) were a reflexion of the tensions that occurred during that year in Poland and other East European countries. The ruling party was looking for answers to questions about the causes of the anti-Semitic postures. And it usually found the simplest cause in the observation that the Jews themselves were to blame. Such an instrumental approach to the matter may have prevented further unrest but the problem of the Jewish ethnic minority remained. The party found itself wanting in people capable of critical self-appraisal.

17

The Jews and the co-called Jewish question vs. the Civil War in Spain 1936-1939

100%

Bednarczuk M.

Kwartalnik Historii Żydow

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2006

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nr 2(218)

167-184

EN

The article examines the relationship between persons of Jewish descent and the war in Spain, which for some provided an opportunity to vent their anti-Semitic phobias. The authoress seeks the common traits of anti-Jewish propaganda in various countries but focuses on the activities of people of Jewish descent during the Civil War in Spain (doctors, nurses, journalists, photographers, advisors, agents, soldiers) and their fate, which often took bizarre twists and turns. For some, the Spanish experience was a stigma that led to their being victimized by - paradoxically - their former combatants or party comrades. The article also looks at the other than political dimension of the 'Jewish question' in the context of the Civil War, namely, the journalistic, literary or artistic accomplishments of such figures as Robert Capa, Gerta Taro, Mikhail Koltsov, Ilia Erenburg, Arthur Koestler or Zofia Szleyen.

18

ANTI-SEMITISM: AN INDIVIDUAL ATTITUDE OR A CULTURAL NORM?

100%

Sekerdej M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2008

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tom 52

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nr 2

157-175

EN

This article considers the phenomenon of social stereotypes and whether they can be measured, analysed and interpreted, using the stereotypes adopted for Jews in Poland. The stereotype is presented as complex concept which has many aspects at the structural, functional and operational levels. In all these aspects of particular importance is the differentiation between individual convictions and the collective stereotype which normally partly reflects the rules prevailing in a given community. This differentiation can be observed in the phenomenon of anti-semitism which seems to rather more completely function at the collective/national level, while at the individual level it virtually disappears - which is illustrated in the literature discussed on the subject. This phenomenon is also discussed from a psychological, historic and social point of view.

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The Research Of Wroclawian Academics On Anti-Semitism And Holocaust In “The Studies On Fascism And Hitlerite Crimes”

100%

Scheffler T. , Machaj Ł.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 2(14)

569-580

EN

The creation of the scholarly journal Studies on Fascism and Hitlerite Crimes was a result of a need to coordinate research led by scientists from the University of Wroclaw and employees of District Commission for the Examination of Hitlerite Crimes in Wroclaw which concerned the doctrine of National Socialism and its practical implications in the Third Reich. Such cooperation was primarily based on the contract signed on 22.03.1976 by the University of Wroclaw and the above- -mentioned Commission which established a framework for the joint effort to research fascism and Hitlerite crimes.

20

Neues Unterrichtsmaterial zum aktuellen Antisemitismus

100%

Wetzel J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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nr 2(14)

609-616

EN

Students are part of a society in which traditional anti-Semitic stereotypes today on the state of Israel and his government are projected. The lack of mediation of cognitive knowledge about the current anti-Semitism in schools and education increases the willingness to such stereotypes uncritically and to take any further. Conspiracy theories about the alleged complicity of Jews at least since the devastating events are 11th September again in 2001 at a premium.