Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Indapamide-induced hyponatremia or the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: a case report

100%

Romaszko J. , Targonski R. , Cichowski L. , Sadowski J.

Open Medicine

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2011

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tom 6

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nr 4

407-410

EN

We report a case of an apparently well-documented indapamide-induced hyponatremia. The initial diagnosis was made on the basis of dechallenge and rechallenge performed on two occasions. Further course of the disease, which proved inconsistent with our expectations, prompted us to look for another aetiology leading to the final diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) complicated by indapamide treatment.

2

The impact of repeated blood pressure measurements on detecting hypertension in children and youths

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Platschek A.-M. , Steinkamm S. , Tokarski W. , Graf C.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2010

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tom 2

42-46

EN

Study aim: To examine the differences between the second and first measurements of blood pressure and to show the necessity of designing a standardised protocol.Material and methods: Anthropometric data of 1618 children were assessed. Blood pressure and heart rate values were determined twice after 5-min sitting with a sphygmomanometer (Omron M5-I, Germany). The differences between the second and first measurements were assessed using Student's t-test.Results: A group of 921 boys and 697 were studied. Mean systolic blood pressures in the first and second measurements were 124.9 ± 15.7 and 121.4 ± 14.9 mm Hg, respectively, mean diastolic blood pressures - 78.0 ± 13.6 and 76.0 ± 12.4 mm Hg, respectively, the between-measurement differences being highly significant (p<0.001). No significant differences were noted for the heart rate. The prevalence of hypertension assessed from the first and second measurement was 23.9 and 4.4%, respectively.Conclusion: The results point to the indispensability of designing a valid, standardised protocol of conducting blood pressure measurements in paediatric epidemiological studies.

3

School children systolic and diastolic blood pressure values: YUSAD study

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Milincic Z. , Nikolic D. , Simeunovic S. , Novakovic I. , Petronic I. , Risimic D. , Simeunovic D.

Open Medicine

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2011

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tom 6

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nr 5

634-639

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values over five and ten years separately boys and girls and to estimate correlation between them. Three age groups from 8 centers in Serbia were evaluated: Group 1: 10 year old patients, Group 2: 15 year old and Group 3: 20 year old. Group with normal blood pressure values, prehypertensive and hypertensive group were analyzed. Regarding the period of follow-up we analyzed: 10/15 years period-children between 10 and 15 years, 15/20 years period-children between 15 and 20 years, and 10/20 years period-children between 10 and 20 years. Significant increase of diastolic blood pressure was noticed for both genders in 10/15 years period of prehypertensive population, while in hypertensive children, boys showed decline in frequency for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and girls only for diastolic. In 15/20 years period there was significant decrease of prehypertensive and significant increase of hypertensive diastolic blood pressure frequency. In 10/20 years period significant reduction in frequency of prehypertensive systolic blood pressure was noticed, while only hypertensive group of boys showed significant reduction regarding systolic blood pressure frequency. Prehypertensive diastolic and hypertensive systolic blood pressure fluctuations are more related to age.

4

Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among bulgarian hypertensive patients

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Matrozova J. , Zacharieva S. , Kirilov G. , Boyanov M.

Open Medicine

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2010

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tom 5

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nr 3

399-405

EN

Primary aldosteronism (PA) has long been considered a rare disease, but a higher prevalence was suggested recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PA in a group of Bulgarian hypertensive patients, including patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). The aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR)>750 was used as a positive screening test and the Captopril test was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Adrenal CT scan was used to differentiate between the main subtypes of PA- aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). The diagnosis of APA was retrospectively confirmed after surgery. After excluding other forms of endocrine hypertension, except PA, we investigated a total of 472 consecutive hypertensive patients, among them 96 patients with AI. Final diagnosis of PA was reached in 38 patients (8.05%) in the entire hypertensive population and in 12 patients (12.5%) among hypertensive patients with AI. In the group of PA, 15 patients (39.5%) were diagnosed with APA and 23 patients (60.5%) had an IHA. Among all patients with PA 21 (55.3 %) presented with hypokalemia. Our findings of a relatively high prevalence of PA support an early diagnosis of this potentially curable disease, especially in hypertensive patients with AI.

5

Thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors in Bulgarian adults

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Shinkov A. , Borissova A.-M. , Kovatcheva R. , Vlahov J. , Dakovska L. , Atanassova I. , Vukov M. , Aslanova N.

Open Medicine

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2013

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tom 8

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nr 6

742-748

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in an adult Bulgarian population. 2402 subjects were studied, 1347 female, 20–94y (median: 48.0y) and 1055 male, 20–91y (median: 45.5y). Body weight, height, waist circumference, arterial blood pressure, TSH, FT4 and lipids were measured. Known hypothyroidism was reported by 53 subjects (2.2%) and hyperthyroidism by 20 (0.8%). New hypothyroidism was found in 98 (4.1%), [subclinical (3.2%), overt (0.9%)]. New hyperthyroidism was found in 68 (2.9%), [subclinical (2.5%), overt (0.4%)]. New diagnosis of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was entered in 84% and 87% in male subjects and 60% and 65% in the females respectively. Arterial hypertension was present in 40% of the women and in 47% of the men (p<0.001) and was more prevalent in hypothyroidism. Abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia were more prevalent in males and hypothyroid subjects. Arterial hypertension depended on age, gender and lipid status but not on thyroid function. CHD history depended on thyroid function and age. Conclusion: Most cases of thyroid dysfunction were undiagnosed, especially in the males. CV risk factors were more prevalent in the males with thyroid dysfunction a major determinant of CHD, but not hypertension.

6

Treatment questions in POTS with hypertension and syncope

100%

Lelonek M. , Goch J.

Open Medicine

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2008

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tom 3

|

nr 3

361-364

EN

A 27-year old man experienced recurrent syncope with prodromal palpitations and resultant injury. The features of these episodes suggested a potentially neurally-mediated mechanism. Head-up tilt test revealed the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Within the first minutes of upright posture during the total head-up tilt testing, a heart rate increase of >30 beats/min and to a maximum of 150 beats/min was documented in the patient. At the end of passive tilting, the patient lost consciousness in the absence of hypotension while in sinus rhythm of 140 bpm. The 12-lead ECG and electrophysiological study showed no abnormalities. The patient received a beta-adrenergic blocker, a selective central imidazoline receptor agonist and psychiatric therapy, resulting in only a short-term improvement.

7

Wide acquired arteriovenous fistula between main renal artery and interlobar vein treated with nephrectomy

100%

Pejcic T. , Cinara I. , Markovic B. , Hadzi-Djokic J. , Menkovic N. , Naumovic R.

Open Medicine

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2014

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tom 10

|

nr 1

EN

A case of renal arteriovenous fistula between the main renal artery and interlobar vein diagnosed 25 years after percutaneous renal biopsy was presented. A 62-year-old female was referred to a urologist with dilatation of the left renal pyelocalyceal system diagnosed after abdominal ultrasonography, while intravenous urography did not confirm that finding. Historically, she underwent renal biopsy 25 years ago without any complication. Her hypertension was well controlled during the last 10 years, although three antihypertensive drugs with occasional additional diuretics were necessary during the last 6 months. Color Duplex Ultrasonography, arteriography and Multi-Slice Computed Tomography revealed the presence of renal arteriovenous fistula between the main renal artery and interlobar vein, as well as severe dilatation of all interlobar veins, renal, ovarian and adrenal vein on the left side. Urological and vascular surgeons operated to ligate the fistula and preserve the kidney. However, it was not possible to reach the fistula inside the kidney and nephrectomy was performed.

8

Wide acquired arteriovenous fistula between main renal artery and interlobar vein treated with nephrectomy

100%

Naumovic R. , Pejcic T. , Cinara I. , Català J. , Moysset I. , Jimeno M.

Open Medicine

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2014

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tom 9

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nr 5

676-679

EN

A case of renal arteriovenous fistula between the main renal artery and interlobar vein diagnosed 25 years after percutaneous renal biopsy was presented. A 62-year-old female was referred to a urologist with dilatation of the left renal pyelocalyceal system diagnosed after abdominal ultrasonography, while intravenous urography did not confirm that finding. Historically, she underwent renal biopsy 25 years ago without any complication. Her hypertension was well controlled during the last 10 years, although three antihypertensive drugs with occasional additional diuretics were necessary during the last 6 months. Color Duplex Ultrasonography, arteriography and Multi-Slice Computed Tomography revealed the presence of renal arteriovenous fistula between the main renal artery and interlobar vein, as well as severe dilatation of all interlobar veins, renal, ovarian and adrenal vein on the left side. Urological and vascular surgeons operated to ligate the fistula and preserve the kidney. However, it was not possible to reach the fistula inside the kidney and nephrectomy was performed.

9

Intensive treatment of persistent microalbuminuria: determinants of treatment resistance

100%

Robles N. , Velasco J. , Mena C. , Angulo E.

Open Medicine

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2013

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tom 8

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nr 3

302-309

10

Evidences for oxidative stress in essential hypertension

100%

Cvetković T. , Veličković-Radovanović R. , Djordjević V. , Radenković S. , Vlahović P. , Stefanović N.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 5

610-616

11

Hypertension, metabolic equivalent task and Post – exercise hypotension

100%

Habibzadeh N.

Physical Activity Review

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2015

|

tom 3

44-48

EN

People are becoming increasingly sedentary leading to a rise in clinical conditions such as hypertension or high blood pressure that has major impact on public health concern and social care. With higher blood pressure the heart has to pump harder and the arteries have to carry blood that is flowing under greater pressure in which can lead to an increases risk of a heart attack, heart failure, stroke or kidney damages and disease. Physical activity is considered to be an antihypertensive strategy to prevent or control of high blood pressure in the form of post exercise hypotension. Post exercise hypotension emphasis to lifestyle modification rather than a sole reliance on pharmacological therapy. It has been reported for every 1 MET increase in fitness level, mortality risk decreases by 11% in people with high blood pressure. Subsequently researched indicated an optimal health benefit can be achieved through moderate dose of exercise intensity at 3–6 METs for all adult aged 18-65 year that seems to be a well-designed strategy to prevent cardiovascular problem such as high blood pressure. However, there are few national programmes to serve as models for prevention and control of hypertension and few countries have embarked on national hypertension prevention and control programmes on the exact magnitude of moderate – intensity at 3–6 METs .The application of moderate intensity exercise based on metabolic equivalent may lead to a new approach to tackle hypertension.

12

Immediate cardiovascular effects of pranava relaxation in patients with hypertension and diabetes

100%

Bhavanani A. , Madanmohan , Zeena S. , Vithiyalakshmi L.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 4

66-69

EN

Study aim: To assess immediate cardiovascular effect of pranava pranayama in the supine position in patients with concomitant hypertension and diabetes.Material and methods: Twenty-nine established patients having both hypertension and type 2 diabetes and attending regular therapy sessions were recruited and randomly allotted to pranava or control groups. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded before and after 10 minutes of "sham relaxation" in the control group and 10 minutes of pranava pranayama in the study group.Results: Significant (p<0.05) decreases of blood pressure and heart rate were observed. However, responses in the pranava and control groups were different: systolic pressure, pulse pressure, as well as mean pressure significantly decreased in the pranava group and this was not observed in the control group.Conclusions: Pranava pranayam in the supine posture produces an integrated relaxation response, clinically valuable in patients with hypertension and diabetes.

13

Analyzing selected risk factors for the development of kidney cancer

88%

Kollárová H. , Azeem-Skřejpková K. , Tomášková H. , Horáková D. , Magnusková S. , Janout V.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 1

78-84

EN

The aim of this study was to determine influence of selected lifestyle factors on kidney cancer. The study brings data from two centres of international multicentric hospital-based analytical observational case-control studies. Data were obtained from a group of 300 patients newly diagnosed with kidney cancer (ICD-O-2 code C64) and 335 controls from two centres in the Czech Republic. Results showed that smoking increased OR to 1.09 (95% CI 0.77–1.55) and 1.06 (95% CI 0.73–1.52), but the results were not statistically significant. Obesity (BMI⩾30) created adjusted OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.11–2.66) and 1.44 (95% CI 0.91–2.28), showing a minor, statistically insignificant, effect of obesity on the development of kidney cancer. For hypertension, adjusted OR was 1.73 (95% CI 1.25–2.40), suggesting a minor to moderate effect of hypertension on kidney cancer. The analysis results showed a positive association between hereditary predisposition and the development of kidney cancer with an OR of 1.97 (95% CI 1.41–2.76) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.40–2.77) depending on the model of adjustment. The reasons for the high incidence of kidney cancer are not fully understood. Genetic polymorphisms, together with other lifestyle and environmental factors, are likely to contribute to various rates of kidney cancer incidence throughout the world.

14

Gender effect on vascular responsiveness after bariatric surgery

88%

Blum A. , Tamir S. , Hazzan D. , Podvitzky O. , Sirchan R. , Keinan-Boker L. , Ben-Shushan R. , Geron N.

Open Medicine

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2013

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tom 8

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nr 5

531-538

EN

Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with increased risks of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, stroke and mortality. Weight loss surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, mainly because medical and dietary treatments have been proven insufficient in the long run. Our primary end point was to study the gender effect on vascular responsiveness (endothelial function and the ankle brachial index [ABI]) 3 months post bariatric surgery. Our secondary end points were to study the effect of gender on antropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference) and chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus type II, arterial hypertension) 3 months following bariatric surgery, and to find independent variables that may affect and predict the post-operative clinical outcome. Methods: In this prospective study, patients were evaluated one day before surgery and 3 months afterwards. Ankle brachial index was measured while the patient was supine after 15 minutes rest and measurement of the systolic blood pressure in all four extremities was done. The brachial artery method was used to measure endothelial function expressed as flow mediated diameter percent change (FMD %). FMD% more than 10% is considered a normal response. Results: Compared with diabetic females, diabetic males had a higher postoperative BMI (men with diabetes mellitus did not lose weight as much as diabetic women) (β=-0.299; P=0.04), while women with diabetes mellitus had a more significant reduction in BMI postoperatively (β=+0.287; P=0.04). Following bariatric surgery, 12 of the 21 patients with diabetes mellitus type II did not need any medications for diabetes (kept HbA1c% less than 6.5%). All other diabetic patients improved their diabetes mellitus status. Women significantly improved their ABI (average increase of 0.07, p=0.04) and their endothelial function (FMD% change was improved from -3.5±9.0% to 14.8±8.1%, an improvement of 18.3%, p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (by 6.6 mmHg, p=0.04). Men improved their endothelial function (FMD% change was improved from -1.3±10.1% to 11.7±6.2%, p<0.001), but no significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (p=0.29) nor in ABI (P=0.8). A linear regression analysis found that a higher baseline FMD% significantly predicted a higher postoperative FMD% (β=0.294, P=0.03). In obese males, the higher the baseline BMI the worse the post operative endothelial function (β=-0.921, Pd<0.001) and the same adverse effect was documented for hypertensive men (β=-0.380, P=0.05). For females, the higher the baseline FMD% the higher the postoperative FMD% (β=+0.397; P=0.01) [a favorable outcome]. Discussion: Our study has demonstrated a possible mechanistic insight into gender effects observed in epidemiological studies through improvement in vascular response in females undergoing this operation including a better reduction in systolic blood pressure and a better weight reduction in diabetic women with improvement in ABI; unlike males, who did not improve their ABI and did not decrease systolic blood pressure, and the finding that obese diabetic males and obese hypertensive males did the worst.

15

Computational study of ACE and AGT gene of RAAS pathway

88%

Nisha N. , Kaur S. , Kaur S. , Kumar S. , Galhna K. K. , Kaur K.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

|

tom 19

65-77

EN

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone regulatory hormone system that regulate blood pressure. The two major genes ACE and AGT are the players of RAAS pathway. These genes codes for angiotensin convertase enzyme and angiotensinogen protein respectively. The angiotensin convertase enzyme convert inactive angiotensinogen into active angiotensin which further helps in the regulation of blood pressure. Due to imbalance in this pathway may cause hypertension. So in the present study we decided to perform the computational study of ACE and AGT gene. We evaluated the deleterious/damaging effect of SNPs of ACE and AGT gene by SIFT and I-Mutant2.0. The total number of SNPs predicted to be deleterious by both tools were 5 (1.83%) and 22 (6.07%) for AGT and ACE genes respectively. We also studied subcellular location of ACE and AGT genes and drugs targeting these genes from database GeneCards. Further the result output of both the softwares were also compared.

16

Blood pressure increase detected by ambulatory monitoring correlates with hypoxemia reflecting sleep apnea severity

88%

Grešová S. , Tomori Z. , Kurpas M. , Marossy A. , Vrbenská A. , Kundrík M. , Donič V.

Open Medicine

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2009

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tom 4

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nr 2

222-232

EN

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and parallel polysomnographic study were performed in 116 adult males divided into 6 groups. Thirty blood-pressure (BP) and polysomnographic variables were measured to test their usefulness for screening for both arterial hypertension and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The development of severe breathing disorders and hypoxemia during sleep was attributed to SAHS, when compared with measurements in healthy controls and in patients with arterial hypertension. Such disorders manifested as an increased apnea-hypopnea index, apnea index, duration of arterial oxygen saturation of less than 85%, and decrease of average arterial oxygen saturation that correlated with nocturnal average diastolic BP (p=0.0049, p=0.0027, p=0.049 and p=0.0457, respectively). These respiratory disorders resulted in various nocturnal, rather than diurnal, and diastolic and systolic BP variables. The acute antihypertensive effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy for SAHS significantly reduced the episodes of apnea and hypopnea and the secondary component of hypertension caused by excessive sympathetic stimulation. For the SAHS-induced, dose-dependent component of hypertension that responded to continuous positive airway pressure, the following variables, in decreasing significance, were useful: nocturnal average systolic and diastolic BP and 24-hour average systolic and diastolic BP, as well as percent time elevation and mean blood pressure load. The monitoring of these variables could contribute to early diagnostic and prognostic stratification of complications and adequate therapy of the secondary component of hypertension caused by SAHS.

17

Inflation of diagnostic tests in hypertensive young adults: a need for diagnostic guideline?

88%

Kirkpantur A. , Arici M. , Altun B. , Turgan C.

Open Medicine

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2009

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tom 4

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nr 2

233-240

EN

The cause of hypertension in young adults (age:18–29 years) is mostly a primary condition although secondary causes are frequent in this population. Clinical files of 100 patients were reviewed to evaluate the use of diagnostic tests after completion of diagnostic work-up for hypertension. Seventy-nine patients had primary hypertension while 21 patients had secondary hypertension. Renal imaging studies, serum levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity, and screening tests for pheochromocytoma were more likely to be performed in patients younger than 24 years, in female patients and in patients without familial history of hypertension in primary hypertensive patients (p<0.05). Renal imaging studies and screening tests for pheochromocytoma were done more frequently in patients with Stage 2 hypertension (p<0,05). Among secondary hypertensives, renal imaging studies and renal biopsy were more ordered in patients younger than 24 years, in female patients, in patients with Stage 2 hypertension and in patients without family history for hypertension (p<0.05). Mean body mass index was higher in patients with primary hypertension than patients with secondary hypertension (p<0.05). Seventy patients (70%) had undergone several screening interventions with negative results. In conclusion, a simple, stepwise diagnostic evaluation would greatly benefit the management of young hypertensives.

18

Animal models of hypertension - revisited

88%

Polak A. , Harasim-Symbor E. , Chabowski A.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2018

|

tom 8(1)

163-171

EN

Nowadays, civilization diseases, such as hypertension, are one of the biggest global health problems. In 2017 the threshold for hypertension diagnosis was set at 130/80 mmHg, which resulted in its increased prevalence, reaching nearly 50% of the human population. Therefore, strategies for hypertension prevention and treatment have been recently extensively developing. Nonetheless, growing body of factors which can affect blood pressure and induce hypertension is constantly prompting researchers to conduct experiments in this field. For this purpose, animal models seem to be appropriate and necessary. The present report reviews current findings related to hypertension types and causes. It also presents the main guidelines for high blood pressure prevention and describes different experimental models introduced to be carried out in such studies.

19

Population-based cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey

75%

Ozkara A. , Turgut F. , Kanbay M. , Selcoki Y. , Akcay A.

Open Medicine

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2008

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tom 3

|

nr 2

173-178

EN

Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking are known to be the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because the elderly population has been increasing globally, CVD may become a more important public health problem in the future. This report examines the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly in Ankara, Turkey. This was a cross-sectional survey and included a total of 2720 individuals living in the Ankara district. Trained research staff administered a standard questionnaire in the participants’ homes and worksites. The questionnaire collected information on clinical and demographic characteristics and a self-reported medical history, including past history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, coronary artery by-pass graft operation, and cerebrovascular accident. The mean age of the study participants was 69.5 ± 7.2 years. The study identified 1298 women (78.1%) and 753 men (71.2%) with hypertension, and the overall prevalence of hypertension was 75.4%. A total of 739 (27.2%) people had diabetes mellitus, and, of these people, 603 (81.6%) were hypertensive. A total of 1361 people had hyperlipidemia, and 1103 of these patients were also hypertensive. The overall prevalence of obesity was 27.2%. A total of 553 (20.3%) people were smokers. Our findings indicate that cardiovascular risk factors are very common in the elderly. To maximize risk reduction, physicians must take aggressive measures to decrease cardiovascular risk factors.

20

Perioperative hypertension in phaeochromocytoma patients undergoing adrenalectomy

75%

Šakić K. , Kvolik S. , Grljušić M. , Vrbanović V. , Prlić L.

Open Medicine

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2007

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tom 2

|

nr 4

470-480

EN

This study was designed to compare perioperative blood pressure (BP) management in hypertensive patients with phaeochromocytoma undergoing preoperative α-blockade and in patients with other suprarenal gland tumors. Perioperative hemodynamic data and immediate postoperative outcome in two groups undergoing adrenalectomy were compared. 483 medical charts from urologic patients with tumors were analyzed. In the hypertensive (n = 168) group, 20 patients with suprarenal gland tumors were identified (phaeochromocytoma n = 11, other tumors n = 9). Demographic data, intraoperative consumption of fentanyl and phentolamine, preoperative hospital stay and postoperative ICU stay were compared. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was registered on the day before surgery, before anesthetic induction, during surgery, and upon admission in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although BP values did not differ significantly on the day before anesthesia, before induction and during operation, significantly more antihypertensive drugs were used for BP regulation in phaeochromocytoma patients versus the other tumor group. The phaeochromocytoma group required significantly more fentanyl during surgery (370±87 vs. 242±35 µg; p = 0.04). MAP upon ICU admission was significantly lower (85.1 vs. 97.4, p = 0.02) after adrenalectomy in phaeochromocytoma patients versus the other tumor group. The postoperative MAP decreased significantly in the phaeochromocytoma group (21.51 mmHg, p = 0.005), whereas significant differences according to preoperative values were not observed in the other tumor group (5.5 mmHg, p = 0.416). Prolonged preoperative hospital stay (24.6 vs. 10.0 days, p = 0.005) and ICU stay were registered in the phaeochromocytoma group. Pheochromocytoma patients had more pronounced perioperative BP oscillations, needed more antihypertensive drugs, analgesics and required prolonged hospital stay than patients with other adrenal tumors. Prolonged α-blockade may have contributed to these effects.